CVE-2026-54892 (GCVE-0-2026-54892)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-23 12:31 – Updated: 2026-06-23 18:21
VLAI?
Title
Plug: quadratic-time decoding of nested query/body parameters enables denial of service
Summary
Inefficient algorithmic complexity in Plug's nested-parameter decoder allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to cause denial of service. Plug.Conn.Query.decode/4 (and Plug.Conn.Query.decode_each/2) parse query strings and application/x-www-form-urlencoded request bodies. When a key contains many bracketed segments such as a[a][a][a]=1, the decoder walks the brackets and, for each of the N levels, performs a map operation keyed on an ever-growing binary prefix of the key, hashing the full byte range at each step. The total decode cost is therefore quadratic in the number of nesting levels.
With the default Plug.Parsers.URLENCODED body limit of 1,000,000 bytes, a single request can carry roughly 333,000 nesting levels and saturate a BEAM scheduler for minutes. A small number of concurrent requests can saturate all schedulers and render a Plug-based server unresponsive. No authentication or knowledge of application routes is required.
This vulnerability is associated with program files lib/plug/conn/query.ex and program routines Plug.Conn.Query.decode/4, Plug.Conn.Query.decode_each/2, Plug.Conn.Query.split_keys/6, Plug.Conn.Query.insert_keys/3, and Plug.Conn.Query.finalize_pointer/2.
This issue affects plug from 1.15.0 before 1.15.5, 1.16.4, 1.17.2, 1.18.3, and 1.19.3.
Severity ?
CWE
- CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| elixir-plug | plug |
Affected:
1.15.0 , < 1.15.5
(semver)
Affected: 1.16.0 , < 1.16.4 (semver) Affected: 1.17.0 , < 1.17.2 (semver) Affected: 1.18.0 , < 1.18.3 (semver) Affected: 1.19.0 , < 1.19.3 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:elixir-plug:plug:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Credits
Braidon Whatley
José Valim
Jonatan Männchen / EEF
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No authentication or knowledge of application routes is required.\\n\\nThis vulnerability is associated with program files lib/plug/conn/query.ex and program routines Plug.Conn.Query.decode/4, Plug.Conn.Query.decode_each/2, Plug.Conn.Query.split_keys/6, Plug.Conn.Query.insert_keys/3, and Plug.Conn.Query.finalize_pointer/2.\\n\\nThis issue affects plug from 1.15.0 before 1.15.5, 1.16.4, 1.17.2, 1.18.3, and 1.19.3.\", \"supportingMedia\": [{\"type\": \"text/html\", \"value\": \"\u003cp\u003eInefficient algorithmic complexity in Plug\u0027s nested-parameter decoder allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to cause denial of service. \u003ctt\u003ePlug.Conn.Query.decode/4\u003c/tt\u003e (and \u003ctt\u003ePlug.Conn.Query.decode_each/2\u003c/tt\u003e) parse query strings and \u003ctt\u003eapplication/x-www-form-urlencoded\u003c/tt\u003e request bodies. When a key contains many bracketed segments such as \u003ctt\u003ea[a][a][a]=1\u003c/tt\u003e, the decoder walks the brackets and, for each of the N levels, performs a map operation keyed on an ever-growing binary prefix of the key, hashing the full byte range at each step. The total decode cost is therefore quadratic in the number of nesting levels.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWith the default \u003ctt\u003ePlug.Parsers.URLENCODED\u003c/tt\u003e body limit of 1,000,000 bytes, a single request can carry roughly 333,000 nesting levels and saturate a BEAM scheduler for minutes. A small number of concurrent requests can saturate all schedulers and render a Plug-based server unresponsive. No authentication or knowledge of application routes is required.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis vulnerability is associated with program files \u003ctt\u003elib/plug/conn/query.ex\u003c/tt\u003e and program routines \u003ctt\u003ePlug.Conn.Query.decode/4\u003c/tt\u003e, \u003ctt\u003ePlug.Conn.Query.decode_each/2\u003c/tt\u003e, \u003ctt\u003ePlug.Conn.Query.split_keys/6\u003c/tt\u003e, \u003ctt\u003ePlug.Conn.Query.insert_keys/3\u003c/tt\u003e, and \u003ctt\u003ePlug.Conn.Query.finalize_pointer/2\u003c/tt\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects plug from 1.15.0 before 1.15.5, 1.16.4, 1.17.2, 1.18.3, and 1.19.3.\u003c/p\u003e\", \"base64\": false}]}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-407\", \"description\": \"CWE-407 Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity\"}]}], \"cpeApplicability\": [{\"nodes\": [{\"negate\": false, \"cpeMatch\": [{\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:a:elixir-plug:plug:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"1.15.5\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"1.15.0\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:a:elixir-plug:plug:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"1.16.4\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"1.16.0\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:a:elixir-plug:plug:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"1.17.2\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"1.17.0\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:a:elixir-plug:plug:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"1.18.3\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"1.18.0\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:a:elixir-plug:plug:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"1.19.3\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"1.19.0\"}], \"operator\": \"OR\"}], \"operator\": \"AND\"}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db\", \"shortName\": \"EEF\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-06-23T18:21:14.232Z\"}}}",
"cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2026-54892\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-06-23T18:21:14.232Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2026-06-16T10:47:13.915Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db\", \"datePublished\": \"2026-06-23T12:31:12.629Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"EEF\"}",
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
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Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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